Personality PDF

Personality Summary 💡 Definition of Personality Personality refers to internally based characteristic ways of acting, feeling, and thinking Major Approaches to Personality...

Personality Summary 💡 Definition of Personality Personality refers to internally based characteristic ways of acting, feeling, and thinking Major Approaches to Personality Trait Theories: Focus on stable, internal characteristics; utilize factor analysis to identify basic personality factors Humanistic Approach: Emphasizes personal growth potential and the drive to reach maximum potential Social Cognitive Approach: Examines how cognitive factors, environment, and behavior interact to shape personality Psychoanalytical Approach: Emphasizes the impact of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives, and conflicts on personality development Key Concepts Five-Factor Model: Includes openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Progresses from physiological needs to self-actualization Freud's Structural Model: Divides personality into id, ego, and superego Psychosexual Development: Proposes stages of development from infancy to adulthood, each focused on a different erogenous zone https://quizlet.com/hk/845579709/ge2129-l2-personality-flash-cards/ internally based characteristic ways of acting, feeling and thinking Personality 1  Trait Theories of Humanistic Personality Personality emphasis on potential of personal trait is dimension growth internally based, stable drive within everyone to grow and meet max potential (inside genetic) used factor analysis → how many basic personality factors /what are Maslow's Hierarchy of need those 1. Physiological (food, water) Five-factor model of 2. Safety personality 3. Love, Belonging (friendship, openness to experience (curious, family) creative) 4. Esteem (confidence, respect) conscientiousness (cautiousness, prefer planned, need for 5. Self-Actualization (morality, creativity…) achievement) extraversion (assertiveness, sociability) agreeableness (friendly) neuroticism (anxious, depression) (ordinary situation → threatening / minor frustration → hopelessly difficult) Social Cognitive Psychoanalytical Approach to Personality Approach to Personality how cognitive factors relate to Personality and psychological behavior disorder is affected by early childhood experience, unconscious emphasize awareness, belief, motives and conflicts expectation, goals / with principle from behaviorism Cope with sexual and aggressive urges Personality 2  Social Cognitive Theory (Albert Freuds Theory bandura) 1. Three parts of personality cognitive factors, environment, Id behavior Ego Superego → important in understand personality perception (how we interpret ← based on experience and belief) influence situation Self-schema/Self concept: cognitive 2. Defense Mechanism about our own, derived by experience Repression ( unknowingly put bad memory in unconscious) key processes and variables in developing personality: Denial (refuse to accept the reality) observational learning personal control (internal/external Sublimation (replace social locus of control) unacceptable impulse with socially acceptable behavior) self efficacy (belief that one can success) Rationalization (create false excuse for the unacceptable Factors affect the process of develop feelings/behavior) personality: 3. Psychosexual Development Fixation (unresolved conflict at a psychosexual stage, leading to persistent adult behaviors) 1. Oral stage 18mth 2. Anal Stage 18mth-3y Personality 3  3. Phallic Stage 3-6y 4. Latency Stage 6y-puberty 5. Genital Stage puberty- adulthood Three Parts of Personality Component Definition Characteristics Example - Work on the A child wanting a pleasure principle; Id Basic instincts and cookie immediately, impulsive and seeks (unconscious) desires without caring about immediate dinner. gratification. - Work on the reality principle - fulfill sexual desire An adult deciding to Ego Rational part in the way that is wait until after dinner (Partly conscious, mediating acceptable and to eat dessert to partly between desires realistic avoid spoiling their unconscious) and reality - appetite. balances desires with social norms and consequences. - Check id and ego Superego - Check ego to make Feeling guilty for lying (Partly conscious, Moral and ethical sure they follow ethic to a friend, even if the partly value → Or else result in lie could benefit you. unconscious) guilt Psychosexual development Erogenous Zone (produce Stage Age Range pleasure when stimulated) Gratification from Biting, Oral Stage 0-1 year Mouth, lip. tongue chewing, sucking (from mum nipples) Personality 4  Gratification from delivering Anus (toilet Anal Stage 1-3 years and withholding feces (toilet training) training) Gratification from manipulating genitals Genitals (sexual - unconscious sexual desire to Phallic Stage 3-6 years identity) opposite sex parent - feeling of hostility to same sex parent 敵意 No erogenous zone (Sexual Latency Stage 6-puberty form id, ego, superego feelings repressed) - commitment to a relationship Genitals (Mature Puberty with opposite sex Genital Stage sexual onward - find satisfaction in love and relationships) work Personality 5