ABTECN05S: Building Technology 5 - Pre-engineered Buildings

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 BINGCANG, MONICA MYLES P. CHAVEZ, JOHN GLENNETH T. CORTEZ, JONAH NICOLE C. MENDOZA, MARIA AYESSA DC. SANCHEZ, KATE VERONICA A. ARC 213 AR. RENZEE MOE P. LAO, UAP, RMP OCTOBER 8, 2024  SCHOOL...

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 BINGCANG, MONICA MYLES P. CHAVEZ, JOHN GLENNETH T. CORTEZ, JONAH NICOLE C. MENDOZA, MARIA AYESSA DC. SANCHEZ, KATE VERONICA A. ARC 213 AR. RENZEE MOE P. LAO, UAP, RMP OCTOBER 8, 2024  SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 OUTLINE (PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS) A. THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS B. PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS USED C. TYPES OF PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS AND KEY TERMINOLOGIES D. DETAILED CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS 1. FOREIGN EXAMPLES OF PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS a. KING ABDULAZIZ INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - HAJJ TERMINAL b. INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2 2. LOCAL EXAMPLES OF PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS a. MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT b. PHILIPPINE ARENA E. NOTABLE ARCHITECTURE  The Evolution and Development of Pre-Engineered Buildings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 - DESIGNED BY A PEB SUPPLIER OR MANUFACTURER USING A SINGLE DESIGN THAT CAN BE BUILT PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING (PEB) CONCEPT: WITH DIFFERENT MATERIALS AND METHODS TO MEET VARIOUS STRUCTURAL AND AESTHETIC SUPERIOR FABRICATION, HIGH STRUCTURAL STRENGTH, AND COST-EFFECTIVE NEEDS. THIS DIFFERS FROM BUILDINGS THAT ARE CUSTOM DESIGNED FOR A SPECIFIC PROJECT. IN SOME REGIONS, THESE ARE ALSO CALLED PRE-ENGINEERED METAL BUILDINGS (PEMB), OR SIMPLY DESIGN. ENGINEERED METAL BUILDINGS (EMB), AS CUSTOM COMPUTER DESIGNS NOW INVOLVE LESS PRE- REDUCES FOUNDATION LOAD, LOWERING CIVIL CONSTRUCTION COSTS. ENGINEERING. TYPE OF STEEL BUILDING SYSTEM THAT IS DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED IN A FACTORY, THEN CUSTOM-MADE BASED ON CLIENT REQUIREMENTS, INCLUDING TAPERED TRANSPORTED TO THE CONSTRUCTION SITE FOR ASSEMBLY. THESE STRUCTURES ARE WIDELY COMPONENTS. USED FOR INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES DUE TO THEIR AFFORDABILITY, DURABILITY, AND FLEXIBILITY. PEBS CAN BE UP TO 30% LIGHTER THAN CONVENTIONAL STEEL STRUCTURES. PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS (PEBS) ARE A COMMON OPTION FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FOR A VARIETY OF FACTORS: COST-EFFECTIVENESS DURABILITY VERSATILITY FASTER CONSTRUCTION SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY EXPANDABILITY AND PORTABILITY DESIGN FLEXIBILITY SAFETY AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  The Evolution and Development of Pre-Engineered Buildings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 - – OTHER FRAME TYPES MAY INCLUDE TRUSSES, MILL SECTIONS, OR CASTELLATED BEAMS. THE BEST CHOICE DEPENDS ON FACTORS LIKE LOCAL MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION CAPABILITIES, AS WELL AS MATERIAL AND LABOR COSTS. PRIMARY FRAMES ARE TYPICALLY 2D FRAMES, ANALYZED USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL METHODS. HOWEVER, WITH ADVANCES IN COMPUTER DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND MANUFACTURING, MORE COMPLEX DESIGNS SUCH AS TENSION FABRIC BUILDINGS AND 3D ANALYSIS (AS REQUIRED BY SOME BUILDING CODES) HAVE BECOME POSSIBLE. COLD-FORMED Z- AND C-SHAPED MEMBERS MAY BE USED AS SECONDARY PARTS TO SUPPORT AND FASTEN THE OUTER CLADDING. THIS CLADDING CAN BE MADE OF MATERIALS LIKE ROLL-FORMED STEEL, WOOD, FABRIC, PRECAST CONCRETE, MASONRY, OR GLASS. TO DESIGN A PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING, ENGINEERS CONSIDER FACTORS LIKE THE CLEAR SPAN BETWEEN SUPPORTS, BAY SPACING, ROOF SLOPE, VARIOUS LOADS (LIVE, DEAD, WIND, ETC.), DEFLECTION LIMITS, AND THE WEIGHT AND SIZE OF BUILDING COMPONENTS. PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING MAKERS HAVE TRADITIONALLY OFFERED PRE-CALCULATED TABLES TO HELP DESIGNERS CHOOSE THE RIGHT I-BEAM SIZE, BUT CUSTOM COMPUTER DESIGNS HAVE MADE THIS LESS COMMON. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  The Evolution and Development of Pre-Engineered Buildings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 / - BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 COLUMNS MAIN FRAME (RIGID FRAME) RAFTERS STRUCTURAL STEEL (HOT- HIGH STEEL STRENGTH HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL ROLLED OR BUILT-UP I-SECTIONS (EX. ASTM A571, GRADE 50 VERTICAL MEMBERS OF THE MAIN CONSISTS OF COLUMNS AND RAFTERS THAT FORM STRUCTURAL ELEMENT IN PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS (PEBS) MADE FROM STEEL FRAME THAT SUPPORT THE RAFTERS THE SKELETON OF THE BUILDING, SUPPORTING THE THAT HAS HIGHER TENSILE AND YIELD STRENGTH THAN REGULAR STEEL. RAFTERS AND TRANSFER THE BUILDING LOAD TO ROOF AND WALLS. THE MAIN FRAME TYPICALLY HAS A ARE HORIZONTAL OR SLOPING BEAMS THAT SPAN FROM ONE COLUMN TO ANOTHER, THE FOUNDATION. I SECTION WHICH RIGID CONNECTION BETWEEN THE COLUMNS AND SUPPORTING THE ROOF LOAD AND TRANSFERRING IT TO THE COLUMNS. ARE ALSO CALLED AS STEEL BEAMS OR RAFTERS, ALLOWING IT TO CARRY HEAVY LOADS. ROLLED STEEL JOIST ARE EXTENSIVELY USED AS BEAMS, LINTELS, COLUMNS ETC. IT CONSISTS OF TWO FLANGES AND A WEB CONNECTED AS SHOWN IN FIGURE. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 PURLINS GIRTS COLD-FORMED STEEL COLD-FORMED STEEL (C or Z- SECTIONS) (C or Z- SECTIONS) STEEL SHAPES THAT ARE FORMED BY ROLLING OR PRESSING STEEL SHEETS INTO DESIRED CROSS- HORIZONTAL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS THAT PROVIDE LATERAL SECTIONAL PROFILES WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF HEAT. THE "COLD" PROCESS INVOLVES BENDING THE SUPPORT TO THE WALL CLADDING IN PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS STEEL AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, GIVING IT HIGH STRENGTH AND STABILITY WHILE USING LESS MATERIAL. (PEBS). THIS STEEL GIRTS, TYPICALLY IN Z- OR C-SHAPED PROFILES, ARE CRUCIAL FOR DISTRIBUTING LOADS FROM THE WALL PANELS TO THE PRIMARY STEEL FRAME, ENSURING THE STABILITY AND STRENGTH OF THE BUILDING’S WALLS. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 ROOF PANELS GALVANIZED STEEL SHEETS or GALVALUME GALVANIZED or PRE-PAINTED (ALUMINUM –ZINC ALLOY-COATED STEEL) STEEL SHEETS TWO TYPES OF METAL ROOFING AND CLADDING MATERIALS COMMONLY USED IN PRE-ENGINEERED VERTICAL SHEETS THAT FORM THE EXTERIOR WALLS OF THE BUILDING, BUILDINGS (PEBS). BOTH MATERIALS PROVIDE CORROSION RESISTANCE, BUT THEY HAVE DIFFERENT PROTECTING THE STRUCTURE FROM EXTERNAL ELEMENTS. GALVANIZED COMPOSITIONS AND PROPERTIES THAT SUIT THEM FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS. STEEL SHEETS ARE STEEL SHEETS THAT HAVE BEEN COATED WITH A LAYER OF ZINC TO PROTECT THE UNDERLYING METAL FROM CORROSION AND RUST. THE GALVANIZATION PROCESS INVOLVES IMMERSING THE STEEL IN MOLTEN ZINC, WHICH FORMS A PROTECTIVE LAYER THAT BONDS WITH THE STEEL. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 FIBERGLASS OR POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATING MATERIAL PLACED BETWEEN THE OUTER CLADDING AND THE INNER LINER (ROOF OR WALLS) TO REDUCE HEAT TRANSFER AND IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 ROD BRACING PORTAL BRACING STEEL RODS OR CABLES STEEL MEMBERS OR PLATE SECTIONS TENSIONED RODS OR CABLES INSTALLED IN THE WALLS OR ROOF TO PREVENT LATERAL MOVEMENT RIGBRACES, USUALLY IN THE FORM OF ADDITIONAL FRAME MEMBERS, INSTALLED IN OF THE STRUCTURE. AREAS REQUIRING EXTRA STABILITY, SUCH AS LARGE DOOR OPENINGS. PORTAL BRACING IS A STRUCTURAL DESIGN SYSTEM COMMONLY USED IN BUILDINGS, PARTICULARLY IN PRE-ENGINEERED STRUCTURES, TO PROVIDE LATERAL STABILITY AGAINST FORCES SUCH AS WIND AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY. PORTAL BRACING TYPICALLY CONSISTS OF STEEL MEMBERS OR PLATE SECTIONS ARRANGED IN A SPECIFIC CONFIGURATION TO CREATE A RIGID FRAME CAPABLE OF RESISTING LATERAL LOADS. BELOW IS AN OVERVIEW OF BOTH TYPES OF BRACING SYSTEMS BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 BOLTS SCREWS USED FOR CONNECTING PRIMARY MEMBERS (E.G., RAFTERS TO COLUMNS) AND USED TO ATTACH ROOF AND WALL CLADDING TO THE PURLINS AND GIRTS. SECONDARY MEMBERS (PURLINS TO RAFTERS). HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL BOLTS ARE SCREWS ARE ESSENTIAL FASTENERS USED TO JOIN MATERIALS TOGETHER MANUFACTURED FROM SPECIALLY FORMULATED STEEL THAT HAS BEEN HEAT-TREATED BY PROVIDING A STRONG, SECURE CONNECTION. THEY COME IN VARIOUS TO ENHANCE ITS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. GRADE 8.8 BOLTS ARE A SPECIFIC TYPE OF MATERIALS, SIZES, AND THREAD TYPES, WITH STAINLESS STEEL AND HIGH-STRENGTH BOLT WIDELY USED IN CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING GALVANIZED STEEL BEING TWO COMMON OPTIONS FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS. APPLICATIONS. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 RIDGE VENTS SKYLIGHTS GALVANIZED STEEL OR ALUMINUM POLYCARBONATE OR FIBERGLASS RIDGE VENTS ARE ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN ROOFING SYSTEMS DESIGNED TO ALLOW THE SKYLIGHTS ARE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES THAT ALLOW NATURAL LIGHT TO ENTER A ESCAPE OF HOT, HUMID AIR FROM THE ATTIC SPACE, HELPING TO MAINTAIN OPTIMAL BUILDING FROM ABOVE. THEY CAN SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCE INDOOR SPACES BY TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY LEVELS WITHIN A BUILDING. PROVIDING DAYLIGHT, IMPROVING AESTHETICS, AND SOMETIMES OFFERING VENTILATION BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 GALVANIZED STEEL OR ALUMINUM ROLL-UP/ SHUTTER DOOR GALVANIZED STEEL GUTTERS GALVANIZED OR COATED STEEL ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF A ROOFING SYSTEM, DESIGNED TO COLLECT AND REDIRECT RAINWATER AWAY FROM A LARGE DOORS THAT ROLL UP VERTICALLY FOR VEHICLE OR BUILDING'S FOUNDATION. THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS FOR GUTTERS AND DOWNSPOUTS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACTS LARGE EQUIPMENT ACCESS. THEIR DURABILITY, MAINTENANCE, AND OVERALL PERFORMANCE. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Pre-engineered Building Systems and Materials Used ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 ANCHOR BOLTS BASE PLATES STEEL (GRADE 5 OR HIGHER) STEEL BOLTS EMBEDDED IN THE CONCRETE FOUNDATION TO SECURE THE STEEL STEEL PLATES AT THE BASE OF COLUMNS, USED TO DISTRIBUTE LOADS TO THE FOUNDATION COLUMNS IN PLACE, PROVIDING STABILITY TO THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE. AND CONNECT THE COLUMN TO THE ANCHOR BOLTS. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Types of Pre-engineered Buildings and Key Terminologies ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 - CLEAR-SPAN BUILDINGS CLEAR-SPAN BUILDINGS IDEAL FOR INDUSTRIES IDEAL FOR INDUSTRIES REQUIRING SPACIOUS REQUIRING SPACIOUS INTERIORS WITHOUT INTERIORS WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIONS, CLEAR-SPAN OBSTRUCTIONS, CLEAR-SPAN BUILDINGS MAXIMIZE USABLE BUILDINGS MAXIMIZE USABLE SPACE. THEIR OPEN LAYOUTS SPACE. THEIR OPEN LAYOUTS ACCOMMODATE LARGE ACCOMMODATE LARGE MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, FACILITATING FLEXIBLE FACILITATING FLEXIBLE OPERATIONS. OPERATIONS. EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: A LARGE AGRICULTURAL A LARGE AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT STORAGE EQUIPMENT STORAGE FACILITY ALLOWS FARMERS FACILITY ALLOWS FARMERS TO STORE TRACTORS AND TO STORE TRACTORS AND MACHINERY WITHOUT MACHINERY WITHOUT INTERNAL COLUMNS, INTERNAL COLUMNS, MAXIMIZING SPACE AND MAXIMIZING SPACE AND ACCESS. ACCESS. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  Types of Pre-engineered Buildings and Key Terminologies ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 - CLEAR-SPAN BUILDINGS CLEAR-SPAN BUILDINGS IDEAL FOR INDUSTRIES IDEAL FOR INDUSTRIES REQUIRING SPACIOUS REQUIRING SPACIOUS INTERIORS WITHOUT INTERIORS WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIONS, CLEAR-SPAN OBSTRUCTIONS, CLEAR-SPAN BUILDINGS MAXIMIZE USABLE BUILDINGS MAXIMIZE USABLE SPACE. THEIR OPEN LAYOUTS SPACE. THEIR OPEN LAYOUTS ACCOMMODATE LARGE ACCOMMODATE LARGE MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, FACILITATING FLEXIBLE FACILITATING FLEXIBLE OPERATIONS. OPERATIONS. EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: A LARGE AGRICULTURAL A LARGE AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT STORAGE EQUIPMENT STORAGE FACILITY ALLOWS FARMERS FACILITY ALLOWS FARMERS TO STORE TRACTORS AND TO STORE TRACTORS AND MACHINERY WITHOUT MACHINERY WITHOUT INTERNAL COLUMNS, INTERNAL COLUMNS, MAXIMIZING SPACE AND MAXIMIZING SPACE AND ACCESS. ACCESS. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  AERIAL VIEW OF KING ABDULAZIZ AIRPORT TERMINAL Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 FOREIGN PEB EXAMPLE NO. 01 - TYPE OF BUILDING/S : Institutional – Airport Terminal LOCATION : Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia SITE AREA : 486,000 square meters BUILDING GROSS AREA : 260,000 square meters DATE COMPLETED : 1981 NO. OF FLOORS : 3 CONSTRUCTION COST : 200,000,000 US Dollar AERIAL VIEW OF KING ABDULAZIZ AIRPORT TERMINAL ARCHITECT : Ar. Fazlur Rahman Khan (Bangladeshi-American Architect) DEVELOPER : SOM (Skidmore, Owings and Merrill) ALLIED : Urs Corp. PROFESSIONALS, : Airways Engineering Associates CONSULTANT/S, AND MANUFACTURERS : Hochtief A.G. AWARDS AND : 2010 AIA Twenty-Five Year Award RECOGNITION : Aga Khan Award for Architecture (1983) PURPOSE : This terminal is designed to accommodate millions of pilgrims, is one of the largest PEB structures globally. The terminal's large open span and tensile roof are made possible by a pre-engineered building system. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  TENSILE STRUCTURE MODULAR COMPONENTS Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 KEY ELEMENT FEATURES IN PEB FOR: - TENSILE STRUCTURE Tent-like canopies covering the terminal are made using pre-engineered steel frames and fiber glass fabric. EFFICIENCY IN CONSTRUCTION SUSTAINABILITY & COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODULAR COMPONENTS Allows for prefabrication of structural elements, which are then transported and assembled on-site. This modularity simplifies the construction process, reducing time and cost compared to traditional building methods. EFFICIENCY IN CONSTRUCTION The lightweight steel and fabric materials reduce the need for heavy foundations, simplifying construction and lowering material costs. SUSTAINABILITY & COST-EFFECTIVENESS Typically designed with energy efficiency in mind. The open-air terminal and lightweight roof structures reduce the need for air conditioning and artificial lighting, offering significant operational savings. DURABILITY AND LOW MAINTENANCE ADAPTABILITY FOR PILGRIM SERVICES DURABILITY & LOW MAINTENANCE The materials used in pre-engineered buildings, such as galvanized steel and fiberglass, are highly durable and designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, including extreme heat and sandstorms, which are common in Jeddah. ADAPTABILITY FOR PILGRIM SERVICES The large, open-span areas created by the PEB system provide flexibility in the arrangement of service zones like waiting areas, prayer spaces, and medical facilities. This adaptability is critical in efficiently managing large volumes of pilgrims and their varying needs during the Hajj season. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 INSPIRED BY SHELL ROOF STRUCTURES REMINISCENT OF BEDOUIN TENTS AND ANCIENT TETRA PYLONS, DRAWS UPON DEEP CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SYMBOLISM. BEDOUIN TENTS ANCIENT TETRA PYLON REPRESENTS NOMADIC SYMBOLIZING THE TRADITIONS AND THE ANCIENT MONUMENTAL IMPORTANCE OF GATEWAY TO A SACRED SHELTER IN HARSH JOURNEY. DESERT ENVIRONMENT. HAJJ TERMINAL DESIGN BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 KING ABDULAZIZ INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - HAJJ TERMINAL CONSIST OF TWO (2) IDENTICAL HALVES – 320 M. x 686 M. AND SEPARATED BY LANDSCAPED MALL. EACH HALF OF THE TERMINAL IS DIVIDED INTO FIVE (5) EQUAL MODULE. EACH MODULE IN TURN IS MADE OF 21 LIGHTWEIGHT TENT STRUCTURE ARRANGED ON 3 x 7 TENTS FOR EACH MODULE AND COVER 10.5 ACREAS. EACH UNIT IS 45 M. x45 M. THE TERMINAL HAS 20 GATE PROCESSING AREAS. EACH GATE HAS EQUAL AREAS WITHIN THE TERMINAL FOR PASSENGER PROCESSING. UPON LEAVING THE TERMINAL, THE PILGRIMS ENTER THE SHADED AREA CALLED “TERMINAL SUPPORT AREA” OR TENT STRUCTURE. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 ROOF THE ROOF IS A TENSILE MEMBRANE STRUCTURE SPANNING BETWEEN 4 CORNER PYLONS WHICH ARE 45 METERS IN HEIGHT. ROOF SKIN THE DOUBLE CURVED SKIN OF EACH UNIT IS ADD UP OF HEAVY WEIGHT TEFLON COATED FIBERGLASS FABRIC. CABLES PAIRS OF SUSPENSION CABLES ARE USED TO PROVIDE DEGREE OF SAFETY IN THE STRUCTURE IN CASE OF ACCIDENTAL FAILURE OF ONE CABLE. CONCRETE CAST IN PLACE AND PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE USED FOR TERMINAL FACILITIES. STEEL THE ROLLED SHAPED STEEL FOR THE TENT PYLONS CABLES PLASTIC JACKETED BRIDGE STRAND (FOR STRETCHING THE TENT) TEFLON COATED FIBERGLASS HIGH STRENGTH TEFLON – COATED FIBERGLASS WITH AN AVE. WGT. OF 45 OZ/SQ. YARD. INFILL PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS ARE USED. FINISHING CONCRETE FLOOR FOR THE SUPPORT AREA IS TREATED WITH APEXY FOR FIRE RESISTANCE AND AS A HEAVY-DUTY TREATMENT BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  AERIAL VIEW OF INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2 Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 FOREIGN PEB EXAMPLE NO. 02 2 TYPE OF BUILDING/S : Institutional – Airport Terminal LOCATION : Incheon, South Korea SITE AREA : 2,880,000 square meters (approximately) BUILDING GROSS AREA : 384,336 square meters CAPACITY : 18 million passengers annually DATE COMPLETED : January 18, 2018 CONSTRUCTION COST : 4 Billion USD ARCHITECT : Heerim Architects & Planners and Gensler DEVELOPER : Incheon International Airport Corporation (IIAC) AERIAL VIEW OF INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2 ALLIED : Arup Group – Structural Engineering PROFESSIONALS, : SWA Group – Landscape Architecture CONSULTANT/S, AND MANUFACTURERS : Siemens and SITA – Airport Systems Integration AWARDS AND : 2020 Skytrax Award for Best Airport Terminal RECOGNITION : LEED Gold Certification for Sustainability PURPOSE : Designed to serve as a major international passenger terminal, enhancing the airport’s overall capacity to handle global travelers, particularly for long-haul international flights. RELEVANCE TO THE : The use of PEBs facilitated the creation of large, column-free spans that enhance TOPIC passenger flow and accommodate heavy traffic, while allowing for faster construction. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL FRAMEWORK LIGHTWEIGHT AND LONG SPAN ROOF PEB– DETAILED CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 KEY ELEMENT FEATURES IN PEB FOR: 2 PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL FRAMEWORK Allows for large, open spans with minimal internal columns. This creates expansive, unobstructed areas ideal for passenger movement, lounges, and check-in counters. LIGHTWEIGHT AND LONG SPAN ROOF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION AND FLEXIBILITY ENERGY EFFICIENT FAÇADE SYSTEMS By utilizing pre-engineered steel trusses, the roof can cover large spaces with minimal support. This reduces the number of internal columns, enhancing the spaciousness and airiness of the terminal. MODULAR CONSTRUCTION & FLEXIBILITY Enables flexibility in design and layout. Components can be easily replaced, upgraded, or expanded to accommodate future needs, such as increased passenger traffic or technological advancements. ENERGY EFFICIENT FAÇADE SYSTEMS The façade incorporates pre-engineered glass and steel elements, which not only provide aesthetic appeal but also enhance energy efficiency. Large, insulated glass panels allow for natural light to enter the terminal while maintaining thermal insulation to reduce energy PRE-FABRICATED CLADDING AND ROOFING PANELS STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY AND DURABILITY consumption. PRE-FABRICATED CLADDING AND ROOFING PANELS The terminal uses pre-fabricated cladding and roofing panels that are lightweight and durable. These materials offer excellent thermal performance, enhancing the building’s energy efficiency while reducing the load on HVAC systems. STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY AND DURABILITY Designed to withstand environmental conditions such as wind, seismic activity, and snow loads, which are critical in ensuring the long-term structural integrity of the terminal. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  CRANE CONCEPT – AERIAL VIEW OF TERMINAL SECTION-INCHEON INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL 2 Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 THE DESIGN INSPIRATION FOR INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT CRANE CONCEPT – AERIAL VIEW OF TERMINAL TERMINAL 2 WAS INFLUENCED BY THE CRANE, A BIRD THAT HOLDS SIGNIFICANT CULTURAL SYMBOLISM IN SECTION-INCHEON INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL 2 KOREA. THE CRANE IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH LONGEVITY, PEACE, AND ELEGANCE IN KOREAN TRADITION. THE TERMINAL WILL BE CONSTRUCTED BASED ON KOREAN FLOOR PLAN-INCHEON INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL 2 DESIGN PATTERNS REPRESENTING KOREAN CULTURE AND TRADITIONS. ELEVATION-INCHEON INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL 2 THE CANOPY OF THE BLDG. ECHOES THE INSPIRATION OF A CRANE’S WINGS, EMPHASIZING THE SENSE OF FLIGHT AND MOVEMENT. THE TRIANGULAR PATTERNS IN THE ROOF CONTRIBUTE BOTH TO ITS STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AND VISUAL APPEAL, CREATING A MODERN AND DYNAMIC LOOK. LOCALLY QUARRIED GRANITE AND TRADITIONAL KOREAN WOOD WILL BE USED FOR THE FLOORING OF THE TERMINAL. THE ROOF WILL BE FITTED WITH SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS, TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION. THE TERMINAL WILL HAVE SCULPTURE AND EXHIBITION AREAS, GARDENS FEATURING WATERFALLS, INDOOR STREAMS, KOI PONDS AND EXPANSIVE INDOOR GARDENS. THE FLORA AND FAUNA WILL REDUCE AIR-CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION COSTS. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  KEY ELEMENT FEATURES IN PEB FOR: Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 2 AERIAL VIEW OF INCHEON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN (3D VISUALIZATION) AIRPORT IN THE PARKS TRAFFIC CENTER 2 SLEEK & CURVED ROOFLINES GEOMETRIC SKYLIGHT ROOF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS TRANSPARENT GLASS TERRACE WITH A DRAMATIC OPEN VIEW OF EXTENSION OF THE SHORT-TERM PARKING LOT THE CEILING IN THE IMAGE IS CHARACTERIZED HELPS CREATE A SPACIOUS, OPEN INSPIRED BY LEAVES ON TREES FAÇADE OUTDOOR GARDEN PROVIDES PASSENGER A WITH 2 ADDITIONAL FLOORS BY SMOOTH, FLOWING CURVES, REMINISCENT ATMOSPHERE WHILE USING IS INTEGRATED IN THE BLDG. USE OF A TRANSPARENT GLASS PLACE TO RELAX OF THE CRANE-INSPIRED DESIGN OF THE DIFFUSED NATURAL LIGHT TO ENVELOPE TO CAPTURE CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM ALLOWS TERMINAL. ILLUMINATE THE AREA. ENERGY FROM THE SUN & FOR AMPLE NATURAL LIGHT TO MINIMIZE ELECTRICAL USAGE PENETRATE THE INTERIOR. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  PEB– DETAILED CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2 Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 LOCAL PEB EXAMPLE NO. 01 - 2 TYPE OF BUILDING/S : Airport Terminal LOCATION : Lapu-Lapu City, Mactan Island, Cebu AERIAL VIEW OF MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2 SITE AREA : 797 hectares (approximately) including runways, taxiways and airport facilities BUILDING GROSS AREA : 53,000 square meters (approximately) CAPACITY : 12.5 million passengers per year DATE COMPLETED : 2018 CONSTRUCTION COST : Php. 17.52 billion (approximately) ARCHITECT : Integrated Design Associates (IDA) DEVELOPER : GMR-Megawide Cebu Airport Corporation (GMCAC) ALLIED : Budji + Royal Architecture + Design (Interior Design Consultant) MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 2 PROFESSIONALS, : Arup (Engineering Consultant, Aviation Planning) CONSULTANT/S, AND MANUFACTURERS : Formica Group (Material Supplier) AWARDS AND : Asia Architecture Awards (2019) RECOGNITION : Best Airport in Asia (2019) – Routes Asia PURPOSE : To handle increasing passenger traffic, improve airport operations, and enhance the experience for both domestic and international travelers. RELEVANCE TO THE : Showcases the relevance of pre-engineered buildings through its use of modular TOPIC construction techniques, allowing for faster and more efficient assembly while maintaining architectural integrity. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  SUSTAINABLE LAMINATED WOOD ROOF Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 KEY ELEMENT FEATURES IN PEB FOR: - 2 MODULAR AND PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS Many structural elements, such as steel frames and roofing materials, were prefabricated off-site. This modular approach significantly reduced on-site construction time and minimized disruptions to airport operations. SUSTAINABLE LAMINATED WOOD ROOF The iconic roof structure, made of laminated wood, is a standout feature of pre-engineered construction. It showcases the efficient use of renewable materials while providing structural strength and aesthetic appeal, with the roof's wooden arches reflecting the local Filipino heritage. LIGHTWEIGHT AND DURABLE MATERIALS LIGHTWEIGHT AND DURABLE MATERIALS Pre-engineered steel components were used for the terminal’s main structural framework, allowing for a lightweight yet highly durable structure. This contributed to quicker assembly, cost-efficiency, and long-term resilience against the harsh coastal environment of Cebu. MODULAR AND PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  NATURE-INSPIRED ARCHITECTURE Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 DRAWS INSPIRATION FROM THE NATURAL BEAUTY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF CEBU AND THE PHILIPPINES. THE TERMINAL’S ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, LED BY INTEGRATED DESIGN ASSOCIATES (IDA), EMPHASIZES OPENNESS, FLUIDITY, AND THE USE OF SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS. NATURE INSPIRED ARCHITECTURE The design reflects Cebu’s natural surroundings, particularly its beaches and tropical landscapes. The flowing roof structure, shaped like gentle ocean waves, mirrors the movement of water, symbolizing Cebu as a popular island destination. FILIPINO CRAFTSMANSHIP AND CULTURE The extensive use of laminated wood in the roof’s structure showcases traditional Filipino craftsmanship, paying homage to FILIPINO CRAFTSMANSHIP AND CULTURE SUSTAINABILITY AND ECO-FRIENDLY DESIGN indigenous building techniques. The wooden arches also create a warm, inviting atmosphere that highlights the fusion of modern architecture and local heritage. SUSTAINABILITY AND ECO-FRIENDLY DESIGN The use of natural materials like wood, combined with an abundance of natural light and open spaces, promotes sustainability. The design prioritizes energy efficiency and environmentally friendly practices, aligning with the airport’s commitment to reducing its ecological footprint. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 SITE ISOMETRIC – MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL PLAN – MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL PARTIAL ISOMETRIC BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  GLASS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL FRAMEWORK LAMINATED WOOD ROOF STRUCTURE PRE-FABRICATED ROOFING PANELS GLASS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS MODULAR CEILING AND WALL SYSTEMS PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL FRAMEWORK – MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL PRE-FABRICATED ROOFING PANELS LAMINATED WOOD ROOF STRUCTURE MODULAR CEILING & WALL SYSTEMS BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  LAMINATED WOOD – MACTAN-CEBU INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL FRAMEWORK Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 LAMINATED WOOD The roof structure is made of sustainably sourced laminated wood, which forms the iconic wave-like arches. This material is both eco-friendly and structurally robust, allowing for a visually stunning design while reducing the building’s carbon footprint. PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL FRAMEWORK ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS (ACP) GLASS CURTAIN WALLS Steel was extensively used in the terminal’s structural framework. Pre-engineered steel components enabled faster assembly, reducing construction time while ensuring the building’s strength and longevity, particularly important for its coastal location. ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS (ACP) Lightweight and durable, ACPs were used for the building’s façade and interior cladding. These panels offer excellent insulation, durability, and ease of maintenance while contributing to the terminal's sleek, modern aesthetic. GLASS CURTAIN WALLS The large, pre-fabricated glass panels used in the terminal’s curtain walls maximize natural light, reducing the need for artificial lighting and enhancing the passenger experience. The use of glass also promotes energy efficiency and openness, aligned with the terminal’s eco- HIGH-PERFORMANCE ROOFING MATERIALS HIGH-PERF. ROOFING MATERIALS friendly design. HIGH-PERFORMANCE ROOFING MATERIALS The terminal’s roofing system used pre-engineered, lightweight materials designed for durability and thermal insulation. These materials help maintain indoor comfort while withstanding Cebu's tropical climate and coastal exposure. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  PHILIPPINE ARENA Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 LOCAL PEB EXAMPLE NO. 02 TYPE OF BUILDING/S : Multi-purpose indoor arena LOCATION : Ciudad de Victoria, Bocaue, Bulacan SITE AREA : 99 hectares (entire Ciudad de Victoria complex) BUILDING GROSS AREA : 74,000 square meters CAPACITY : 55,000 seats (largest indoor arena in the world by seating capacity) ARCHITECTURAL VISUALIZATION - PHILIPPINE ARENA DATE COMPLETED : 2014 CONSTRUCTION COST : Php. 9 billion (approximately) ARCHITECT : Populous DEVELOPER : Iglesia Ni Cristo ALLIED : Buro Happold (Structural Engineer) PROFESSIONALS, : Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction (General Contractor) CONSULTANT/S, AND MANUFACTURERS : Cimolai Group (Steel Manufacturer) ACTUAL FRONT ELEVATION - PHILIPPINE ARENA AWARDS AND : ASEAN Outstanding Engineering Achievement Award (2015) RECOGNITION : Guinness World Record for Largest Indoor Arena (2014) PURPOSE : Designed as a multi-purpose venue for concerts, sporting events, religious gatherings, and large-scale events. RELEVANCE TO THE : Its modular design and pre-fabricated sections enabled the creation of the world’s TOPIC largest indoor arena without compromising structural integrity or aesthetics. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 1  FLOOR PLAN- PHILIPPINE ARENA PEB– DETAILED CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 KEY ELEMENT FEATURES IN PEB FOR: PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL ROOF STRUCTURE The arena’s massive roof is one of the most significant pre- engineered elements. It features pre-fabricated steel trusses that span 170 meters, creating a column-free interior, allowing unobstructed views for all spectators. The pre- fabricated nature of the roof trusses ensured precise engineering and a quicker assembly process. MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM Pre-engineered steel frames and sections were used throughout the building, including walls and internal support systems. These modular components reduced construction time, simplified logistics, and minimized on-site labor, while maintaining the strength and integrity needed for such a large structure. LIGHTWEIGHT AND DURABLE MATERIALS Pre-engineered lightweight materials such as steel and reinforced concrete were used for the arena’s superstructure. These materials provide high load-bearing capacity, essential for supporting large crowds and the expansive roof, while reducing overall weight and material costs. SEISMIC AND WIND RESISTANCE Specifically designed to meet the high seismic standards of te Philippines, a country prone to earthquakes. The steel framing and design also ensure wind resistance, crucial for such a large, open-span structure in a tropical environment. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  NARRA’S TREES INSPIRED CANOPY NIPA HUT INSPIRED A-FRAME ROOF STRUCTURE, OPEN AND AIRY SPACES Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 TRANSLATED INTO ARCHIECTURAL FORM NARRA BANYAN ROOTS INSPIRED AS SEEN AS STRUCTURAL National tree of the Philippines and represents strength, resilience, SYSTEM OF THE ARENA and longevity. The arena's overall form is reminiscent of the narra tree’s canopy, which provides shelter and protection. The design features a large, sweeping roof that echoes the expansive branches of the tree, creating a sense of openness and inviting natural light into the space. BANYAN ROOTS The roots of the banyan tree, known for their intricate and expansive network, inspire the structural system of the arena. The design may incorporate elements that mimic the sprawling roots, symbolizing connectivity and growth. NIPA HUT Translated into the architectural form of the Philippine Arena through a steep, A-frame roof structure that mimics the traditional thatched roofing, allowing for efficient rainwater drainage and natural ventilation. Open, airy spaces within the arena reflect the communal nature of nipa huts, fostering interaction and gathering while maximizing natural light. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL FRAMEWORK The primary structural system of the Philippine Arena consists of a pre-engineered steel framework. This allows for large spans and a column-free interior, which is essential for accommodating vast audiences and providing unobstructed views for events. MASSIVE STEEL ROOF TRUSSES The arena’s distinctive dome-like roof is supported by large pre-engineered steel trusses that span up to 170 meters. These trusses are designed to bear heavy loads while minimizing the overall weight of the roof, ensuring structural integrity and resilience against wind and seismic forces. PRE-FABRICATED ROOF PANELS The roof system incorporates pre-fabricated panels that are lightweight yet strong, enhancing the structural efficiency of the arena. These panels provide insulation and weatherproofing, contributing to the building's overall energy efficiency. MODULAR CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS Wall panels and internal partition systems, were used throughout the structure. These elements were pre- engineered for easy assembly, allowing for quick installation and adaptability in the arena's layout for different events. SEISMIC-RESISTANT DESIGN The structural system includes features that ensure seismic resilience, which is critical given the Philippines' geographical location. The pre-engineered steel components were designed to withstand earthquakes, enhancing the safety and longevity of the arena. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL LAMINATED TIMBER Detailed Construction Drawings ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL A significant amount of pre-engineered steel was used for the structural framework, including beams, columns, and trusses. This material provides high strength-to-weight ratios, enabling large spans and the column-free interior essential for visibility in a multi-purpose arena. PRE-FABRICATED ROOFING SYSTEMS PRE-FABRICATED ROOFING SYSTEMS LAMINATED TIMBER The arena features laminated timber elements, particularly in areas where a natural aesthetic is desired. This material is not only visually appealing but also offers structural stability and can be prefabricated for quick installation. PRE-FABRICATED ROOFING SYSTEMS The roof of the arena consists of pre-fabricated roofing panels that are designed for quick assembly. These panels include insulation and waterproofing layers, which enhance the building’s energy efficiency and protect against the elements. GLASS CURTAIN WALL CONCRETE PRECAST ELEMENTS LIKE SEATING TIERS GLASS CURTAIN WALL The use of pre-engineered glass panels for the arena’s facade allows for natural light to penetrate the interior spaces while providing a sleek, modern look. The glass components are designed to be energy-efficient and resistant to weather conditions. CONCRETE PRECAST ELEMENT Precast concrete elements were used in various parts of the structure, including the seating tiers and certain structural components. Precasting allows for quality control and faster on-site assembly. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  PEB– CONCLUSION ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 : PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS SHOWS US THE IMPORTANCE OF EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION. BY UTILIZING PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS, THESE STRUCTURES NOT ONLY EXPEDITE THE BUILDING PROCESS BUT ALSO REDUCE WASTE AND COSTS, HIGHLIGHTING THE BENEFITS OF MODERN ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES. FURTHERMORE, THEIR ADAPTABILITY FOR VARIOUS FUNCTIONS ENCOURAGES INNOVATIVE DESIGN SOLUTIONS THAT CAN MEET THE CHANGING NEEDS OF COMMUNITIES, EMPHASIZING A FORWARD-THINKING APPROACH IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES. BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ SLIDE 2  ABTECN05S: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 A.Y. 2024-2025 BINGCANG | CHAVEZ | CORTEZ | MENDOZA | SANCHEZ