Document 8.pdf - Synthesis of Organic Compounds PDF

# To perform Synthesis of Benzimidazole from o-phenylene diamine ## Phillis Reaction Mechanism - NH2 - + dil HCl - NH2 - R - O - NH2 - R - N - NH2 - R - O - N - NH2 - R - OH - N - NH2 - R - OH - O - HO - N - NH2 - R - O - N - NH2 - R - OH - N - + 2H2O - Phillis Reaction Mechanism # Expt. No. 4 ##...

# To perform Synthesis of Benzimidazole from o-phenylene diamine ## Phillis Reaction Mechanism - NH2 - + dil HCl - NH2 - R - O - NH2 - R - N - NH2 - R - O - N - NH2 - R - OH - N - NH2 - R - OH - O - HO - N - NH2 - R - O - N - NH2 - R - OH - N - + 2H2O - Phillis Reaction Mechanism # Expt. No. 4 ## To Perform Synthesis of Benzimidazole from o-phenylene diamine - Reference: B.S Furniers, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith, A.R. Tatchell, Practical Organic Chemistry - Vogel's Chemicals Text book of 5m Edt., Page 1162. - Requirement: o-phenylene diamine, formic acid, Sodium hydroxide - Principle: Benzimidazole is prepared by Condenzation of o-phenylene diolmine with formic acid. - It is the basic nucleus Present in intermediate mebendazole and thiabendazole like - Procedure: - Placed 27 gm of o-phenylene diamine in 250 ml round bottomed flask. - Added 17.5 gm of formic acid. - Heated the mixture on a water bath at 100° C for 2 hrs. - Cooled and added 10% NaOH Soln. until the Mixture was alkaline to litmus. - Slowly, with Constant stirring, the flask was just alkaline. - Filtered off the Crude benzimidazole at the pump, Washed with Cold water, Washed again with 25ml of Cold Water. - Dissolved the Crude product in 2 gm of forintceed rapidly decodonzing and digest for 15 Min. - Cooled and added 2 gm. of boiling Carbon and digest for 100°C. - Filtered at the pump through Buchnies and drained well. - Washed at the pump with about 100°C. - Dried at 100°C, 25 ml of Cold water, and dried at the pump. ## Observation - Practical Yield: ## Result - The Synthesis of Benzimidzole from o-phenylene diamine is done sucusful. - 67.6 gm Synthesis of Benzimidazole yield of 67.6gm # Expt. No. 4 ## To perform Synthesis of Benzimidazole from o-phenylene diamine - NH2 - + HCOOH - + 2H2O - NH2 - N - N - Synthesis of Benzimidazole from o-phenylene diamine is done sucusful. # Expt. No. 4 ## To perform Synthesis of Benzotriazol - Reference: B.S Furnes, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith, A.R. Tatchell, Vogel's Textbook of Organic Chemistry - 5th Edt., Page 1163. - Requirement: Chemicals - o-phenylene diamine, Sodium Nitrite, Glocial acutic acid - Apparatus: Round Bottom flask, Condenser, funnel, Cylinder. - Principle: 0-phenyl enediamine reacts with nitrite to form the (formed in acetic acid) Benzotriazole. - Benzotriazole is an example of reaction in term diate due in den industry. - Procedure: - Dissolue to. 8gm of o-Lene diamine in 30 ml of glacial acutic acid in a round bottom flask. - In the mixture of 12gm of Sodium nitrite in 15ml of water and stirred. - Cooled the soln to 15°c then Magnitically added 15ml of the solution in one position. - Con tinued stirred and then chilled on ice bath. - Collect the bale brown solid and wash with 30 ml portions of ice cold water. - Dissolued in 130ml of water and added a few crystals to about 100°C. - Filtered and allowed the mixture to de cola by adding about 50% of charcoal. - Cooled the filtrate and allowed it to de colaurising charle about 100°C, before adding a few crystalls of the Crude benzotriazet or retained for a few days. ## Observation - Practical Yield: ## Result - The Synthesis of Benzotriazde is Synthesized well. # Expt. No. 5 ## To perform Synthesis of Benzocaine - Reference: Siddiqui AA, Siddiqui S, Experimental Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edt,Page 230-231, CBS publishers and Distributon put to, 2019. - Requirement: Chemicals - p-amino Benzoic acid, Najice absolute ethanol, Conc. H₂Soy. - Apparatus: Round Bottom flask, beaker, fenned, Measuring Cylinder, Concial Hark - Principle: Benzocaine is prepared from p-amino benzoic acid by fisher esterification - Procedure: - Dissolue 5gomme of P-Amina Benzoic aud in 40 ml absolute ethanol in a round bottom flask with a magnetic stirse. - Cooled the Mixture in an ice bath and added 1ml of Conc. H₂Soy. - It was then Boiled gently under reflex for about 7 minutes. - After Completion of reaction the Mixture - Was allowed to Cool and the Contents were transferred to a beaker containing 30ml of Water. - Then Sodium BiCarbonate Solution was added, and filtered the Benzocaine precipitate. - Rinsesd the precipitatu. - The Solid Was allowed to dry. - Aqueous alcohot ## Observation - Practical yield: ## Result - The Synthesis of Benzocaine is Synthesized well in lab. # Expt. No. 4 ## To perform Synthesis of 3-methyl-1-phenyl pyrazde-5-one - Reference: A. Ti wari - R. Kumar, A practical Medical Chemütay, Prakashan, Pune, 2019, Page no 19. - Requirement: Chemicals - Phenyl hydrazine, Ethyl aceto acetate, Ether, Ethanol. - Apparatus: Round Bottom flask, Beaker, Glass rod, Reflux Condensee, funnel, Measuring Cylinder. - Principle: 3-methyl-1-phenyl pyrazde-5-one is Synthesized by Condensation of phenyl hydrazine with Ethyl aceto acetate. - It is an intermediate drug industry. - Procedure: - A Mixture of phenyl hydrazine (3.65ml) and ethyl ace to acetate (10ml) were heated in a round bottom flask on a boiling bath for 2hrs. - The reaction mixture was stirred with the help of a glass rod. - Then the reaction mixture was Cooled and then 20 ml of ether was added. - Then it was filtered, Washed with ether and the product was recrystallized with dilute ethanol. ## Observation - Practical Yield: # Expt. No. 5 ## To perform Synthesis of 4-Benzylidine-2- phenyl oxazole-5-one - Reference: A. Tiwari, R. Kumar, A practical book of Medical Chemistry, Prakashan, Pune, 2019, Page no 5-6. - Requirements: Chemicals - Ethanol, Conc. Hd, Benzaldehyde, acetic anhydride, Glycine, Noon, Benzeyl chlorid, Anhydrous Sodium acetate. - Apparatus: Round Bottom flask, Reflex Condenser, Beaker, Glass rod, funned, Measuring Cylinder - Principle: The principle involved in the preparation of 4-Benzlidine - 2- Phenyl ox a zole- 5- one by dehydration followed by dehydration meltiod. - Procedure: - in about gm of glycine was dissolved in 1.5 ml of sodium hydroxide in a aqueous flask. - Benzoyl Chloride was added. - The reaction was stirred vigorously, was heated on a water bath for tow hes. - Then it was cooled and 25ml ethanol was added slowly. - The product was filtered and washed with the ether and was recrystallized. ## Observation - Practical Yield: # Expt. No. 11 ## To prepar and submit Aspirin from Salicylic acid. - Reference. F.G. Mann + Saun dees, " pratical organic chemistry"" 4th Edt, Page no: 111 - Requirement: apparatus: Concial flask, Beaker, Measuring Cylinder. - Chemicals: Salicylic acid, acetic chloride, Pyridim. - Principle: It involues the Synsther's of aspirin acetylation of the hy decory! group present in the Salicylic acid using acetyl chlonde - Procedure:: - Dissolve 10 gm of Salicylic acid in 7ml of dey pyridine Containing in 1000ml Cornicial flask. - Then with out delay adding 7.5ml of acetic Chloride to time from time - Run acetic chloride during the addition. - Shake the Mixture continuously. - Heat of the rxn Cause the temp of the Mixture to Rise B/W 50° to 60°C. - Therefore maintain the temp B/W 50° to 60°C through the addition, Cool the flask and add water occassionly if necessary. - Cool the Mixture on Boil water bath for 15 min then after cool in Cold Water. - Vigoursby Stiming the while the Mixture Vigoursby Stiming the while the Crude Salicylic acid and acetic are either solidified or separated - Mean while the Stiming proceeds. - Vigoursby separated the Solid product with the help of pump & wash through Water. - Recrystallized from a Mixture of equal (volume) of the solid product with 93% of - Colourlers Crystals of acetyl acid and Salicylic acid. ## Observation - The Aspirin was prepaced and submitted. ## Result - The aspirin was prepaced and yield of aspirin was found to be. # Expt. No. 13 ## To prepar and submit phenothiazine from Diphenylamine. - Reference: F.G. Mann & Saunders, "pratical organic chemisby, 4th Edition, Page no: 114 - Requirement: - apparatus: Beaker, Conical flave, Water bath measuring jar. - Chemicals:. Diphenylamine Sulphur anhydrous Cacle alcohol - Principle: Phenothiazine is prepared With Sulphur by fusing randiphenylamine. - Evolution of hydrogen Sulphide.. - Procedure: - 22 gand of diphenylamine, 8.29 as of Cosulphure and 3.2 gm of anhydrous Cacl melted together. - The reaction Sets 140°- 150°C with rapid evolution of Lydrogen Sulphide. - When the rxn has moderated to 160°C the temp is raised to 160°C for a time. - The melt when its ground up is extracted first with Watic and then with alcohol. - The residue Conists of almost bure phenothiazene. - It Can be recrystallized from alkohol. - Yield 93%, yellowwn Leaflets Mp 180°C. ## Observation - Category - Anti psychotic - The Phenothiszene was Synthesized and % yield was found to be 93% # Expt. No. ## To Carry out the assay of Cheepromo zine - Reference: I.P 2018, Page no 1600-01. - Requirement: - apparatus. Erlemeyer Hask, Volumétric flask, pipette, burette ete - Chemicals:. prochloric acid (0.1m), Chlorpromazin Acetate Soln (15% w/v in acetic acid), Mercuric Acetate Soln (15% w/v in glacial acetic acid), Crystal Violet indicator. - Principle:- - Suitable non- aqueous solvent like ber chlanc is utilised for Chlorpromazine as a todtant and Methyl orange is used as an indicator. - The end pt is indicated by appearance of blue colour. - Procedure: - Standardization of perchloric acid (O.IN): - Dissolved 0.5 gm of botanium hydrogen phythalate in 25ml of global acetic acid and added 5% w/v Crystal Violet Indicator. - Titrate the soln with O.IN perchloric acid and added till green blue Colour appears. - Assay of Chlorpromazine. - Weighed accurately about 0.68g deands and dissolved in 20ml acetone acetone acetate Son - Titrate with O.IN perchloric acid using a saturated soln of methyl orange in acetone as indicator. - Perform a blank titration and make Correction. - Report: - Each ml of 0.1M berchloric aud equivalent to 0.03553 g. ## Observation - The Sample Conlain 35.53 mg Chlorpromazine in each ml. # To perform thu away of atrapine. - Referenu: A textbook of Medical Chemistry-I, Pragi Aroza, Vatun, Aroza Kumar, Page no 281-82 - Requirement: - 1) apparatus Erylenmeyer flask, Volumetric flask, pipette, Burette - 2) Chemicals. berch loric acid (0.1m), atropine, glacial acetic acid, Crystal Violet Soln (0.2% w/v in acetic acid), methyl orange indicator. - Principle: Atropine is titrati generally for non - aqueous Weak base - Procedure: - Atropine is assayed by non aqueous titration - Crystal violet is used as an indicator. - At the end point, blue colour is obtained. - (A) Standardization of perchloric acid (O.IN) - Dissolved 0.5 gm of potassium hydrogen phythalate in 25ml of glacial acetic acid and few drops of 5% Crystal Violet indicator. - Titrated the doln with O.IN perchloric acid tiu blue green Colour appears. - (B) Assay of atropine:- - Weighed discurately 400 mg of samping atropine. - It is dissolved 0 ml of glacial acetic acid and few drops of 5% crystal violet. - Titrated with O.IN peechloric acid till blue green Colour was obtained. ## Observation - The purity of atropine was found to be 33.4%. # Expt. No. 10 ## Determination of partiation Corffrent - Aim: Determination of partiation Coefficient of drugs (Capo floxacin, tuno nor Hoxacin, ofloxacin) - Reference: Zhang C, Yan W, Determination of 1-octanol/water participitation Coefficient from Six quinoline 293-15k page no:-636-639 - Principle: If a Solute / drug is added to two immiscible Liquids, such as oil (organic phase) and water, the Solute distributes itself b/w the two liquids in contact. - The ratio of Concentration of Solute/drug b/w the two liquids at equilibrium is called the Partiation Coefficient, P. - Kow = CO/CW - The partiation coefficient of a drug is measured as how well a substance distributes b/w a lipid (octanol) or lipid like b/w a lipid and aqueous - Requirements 1) Quinolene - Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin - The partiation coefficient of drugs is determined well. # Expt. No. 10 ## Determination of partiation Corffrent - Aim: Determination of partiation Coefficient of drugs (Capo floxacin, tuno nor Hoxacin, ofloxacin) - Reference: Zhang C, Yan W, Determination of 1-octanol/water participitation Coefficient from Six quinoline 293-15k page no:-636-639 - Principle: If a Solute / drug is added to two immiscible Liquids, such as oil (organic phase) and water, the Solute distributes itself b/w the two liquids in contact. - The ratio of Concentration of Solute/drug b/w the two liquids at equilibrium is called the Partiation Coefficient, P. - Kow = CO/CW - The partiation coefficient of a drug is measured as how well a substance distributes b/w a lipid (octanol) or lipid like b/w a lipid and aqueous - Requirements 1) Quinolene - Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin - Procedure: - The mixture was stirred in a mechanical Shaker for at least 72 hes and kept at appropriate temp (+@02k) - After that the aqueous phase was isolated and the Conc. were determined by measuring the absorbance. - The partition Coefficient was calculated by performing the experiments. - Results: - The partiation Coefficient of 1- octanoff water participate Co-efficient of Ciproflox in and 1 Sulfam-ethazine were listed in table. - Complete iterations (1,2). - The partiation de Coefficient of dengs was determined well.