Cell Biology and Genetics Course - Biotechnology Certificate PDF

## Programme/Class: Certificate ## Year: First (1) ## Semester: First (I) ## Course Code: B100101T ## Subject: Biotechnology ## Course Title: Cell Biology and Genetics ## Course Outcomes (COs) This course introduces the principles of cell biology and genetics. After completion of this course, stude...

## Programme/Class: Certificate ## Year: First (1) ## Semester: First (I) ## Course Code: B100101T ## Subject: Biotechnology ## Course Title: Cell Biology and Genetics ## Course Outcomes (COs) This course introduces the principles of cell biology and genetics. After completion of this course, students will be able to: - learn different areas of cell biology including the structure and functions of cell, its organelles such as mitochondria, nucleus etc. - understand how genetic information is transmitted in organism. - understand the role of cytoskeleton and its remodelling including the diseases associate with improper remodelling. - learn how the synthesized proteins are transported to different organelles. - understand the regulation of cell cycle, programmed cell death and Cancer. - learn different cell biology techniques like karyotyping, chromosome banding, FISH, FACS, centrifugation and microscopy. ## Credits: 4 ## Maximum Marks: 100 (75(UE)+25(CIE)) ## Core Compulsory ## Minimum Passing Marks: As per University norms ## Total Number of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week)L-T-P: 4-0-0 | Unit | Topics | No. of Lectures | |---|---|---| | I | Introduction and history of Biotechnological science with special reference to contribution of Indian scholars in biological sciences | 2 | | II | • Prototype structure of animal, plant and bacterial cells, Diversity of cell size and shape • Cell theory • C-value paradox Cell Membrane: Chemical components of biological membranes, organization and Fluid Mosaic Model, and membrane transport. • Cytoskeleton and Extra cellular matrix | 8 | | III | Structure and Function of Cell organelles: • Lysosomes: Vacuoles and micro bodies: Structure and functions • Ribosomes: Structures and function including role in protein synthesis. • Mitochondria: Structure and function, Genomes, biogenesis. • Chloroplasts: Structure and function, genomes, biogenesis • Nucleus: Structure and function, nuclear envelope | 9 | | IV | Chromosome structure: • Chromosomes: chromatin and chromosomes organization, euchromatin and heterochromatin, nucleosome, metaphase chromosome, genes and chromosomes. • DNA as genetic material, Structure of DNA • Structural and numerical changes in human chromosomes and ploidy in plants. • Mutations: Types of mutations, spontaneous and induced mutations, Physical and chemical mutagens | 9 | | V | Cell cycle, Cancer and Cell Signaling: • Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Meiosis: Control points in cell-cycle progression in yeast and higher organisms • Cell senescence and programmed cell death • Cancer - chromosomal disorders, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes • Introduction to cell signalling and cell –cell interaction| 7 | | VI | Mendelian and nonmendelian genetics: • Historical developments in the field of genetics. • Organisms suitable for genetic experimentation and their genetic significance • Mendelian genetics : Mendel's experimental design, monohybrid, di-hybrid and tri hybrid crosses, Law of segregation & Principle of independent assortment • Allelic interactions: Concept of dominance, recessiveness, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, semi-dominance, pleiotropy • Sex determination and sex linkage: Mechanisms of sex determination, Environmental factors and sex determination, sex differentiation, Barr bodies, dosage compensation, genetic balance theory | 8 | | VII | Linkage, crossing over and population genetics: • Linkage, crossing-over and chromosome and genetic mapping • Extra chromosomal inheritance: Rules of extra nuclear inheritance, maternal effects, maternal inheritance, cytoplasmic inheritance, organelle heredity, genomic imprinting. • Genetic Code: deciphering genetic code; degeneracy, unusual codons in mitochondria • Mutations: types, mechanisms • Evolution and population genetics: Hardy Weinberg law (prediction, derivation), allelic and genotype frequencies, changes in allelic frequencies, evolutionary genetics, natural selection. | 8 | | VIII | Cytological techniques: • Microscopy and staining techniques • Microtomy • Karyotyping • Chromosome banding, • in situ hybridization and FISH • chromosome painting • Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting | 9 | ### Suggested Reading 1. Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th Ed.). New York: Garland Science 2. Cooper, G. M., and Hausman, R. E. (2013). The Cell: a Molecular Approach (6th Ed.). Washington: ASM; Sunderland. 3. Karp, G. Cell and Molecular Biology. Concepts and experiments. John Harris, D., Wiley & sons, New York 4. Iwasa J., Marshal W. Karp's Cell Biology(2018) (8th edition) Wiley & Sons, NY 5. Iwasa J., Marshal W. Karp's Cell and Molecular Biology. Concepts and experiments. (2015) (8th edition) Wiley & sons, New York 6. Watson, J. D. Baker TA, Bell, SP Gann, A. Levine, M. Losick R. (2008). Molecular Biology of the Gene (5th ed.). Pearson 7. Lodish, H F. Berk, A. Kaiser, CA, Krieger, M. Bretscher, A. Ploegh, H. Aman, A. Martin, K. (2016). Molecular Cell Biology (8th Ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman 8. Gupta P.K. Cell and Molecular Biology 2018. 5th edition Rastogi Publication India. 9. Hartl, D. L., & Jones, E. W. (1998). Genetics: Principles and Analysis. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. 10. Pierce, B. A. (2005). Genetics: a Conceptual Approach. New York: W.H. Freeman. 11. Tamarin, R. H., & Leavitt, R. W. (1991). Principles of Genetics. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown. 12. Smith, J. M. (1998). Evolutionary Genetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press Genetics: Principles and Analysis - Hartl and Jones. 13. Gardner EJ, Simmons MJ, Sunstad DP. Principles of Genetics. 8th Edition. John Wiley and Sons. 14. Snustand DP, Simmons MJ. Principles of Genetics. (2016) 7th Edition. John Wiley and Sons. 15. Verma PS, Agarwal VK. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology. (2004). S Chand and Company Ltd. 16. Satyanarayana U (2020). Biotechnology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd 17. Singh BD. (2015). Biotechnology: Expanding Horizons (4th edition). Kalyani Publishers 18. Dubey RC. (2014) A Textbook of Biotechnology(5th edition) S Chand and Company Ltd. 19. सिंह बी डी (2017) बायोटेक्नोलोजी Kalyani Publishers 20. पी के गुप्ता, कोशिका विज्ञान एवम अनुवांशिकी, 2015 2nd edition Rastogi Publications 21. सिंह बी डी, आनुवंशिकी के आधार. (2017) Kalyani Publishers 22. सोनी के सी, स्वरंकार गायत्री. आधुनिक कोशिका विज्ञान, 2018 CBC Other course books published in Hindi must be prescribed by the University/College ### Suggested link - https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=cellbiology - https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics