Oracle Database Management System PDF

Oracle: ‫ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم إدارة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻼﺋﻘﻴﺔ‬ CH1. Oracle Developer ‫ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬.4. Oracle: is a relational data management system...

Oracle: ‫ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم إدارة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻼﺋﻘﻴﺔ‬ CH1. Oracle Developer ‫ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬.4. Oracle: is a relational data management system SQL Plus ‫ ﻣﺤﺮر‬.3. Oracle depends on 4 main component: PL / SQL ‫ ﻟﻐﺔ‬.2.( 1. Structured Query Language (SQL). SQL) ‫ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬.1:‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ 2. PL / SQL Language. 4 ‫ ﻋﲆ‬Oracle ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬SQL: ‫وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ وﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ 3. SQL Plus editor. ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻼم ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻼﺋﻘﻴﺔ‬ 4. Oracle Developer application. ‫ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬. SQL: is a programming language used by almost all relational databases to query , 1: SQL ‫أواﻣﺮ‬. DDL – ‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬:‫ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬DDL ‫أو ﻟﻐﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬ : DDL‫ ﺣﺬف‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.‫ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ manipulate, and define data, and to provide access control. ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ أواﻣﺮ‬SQL ‫ ﻣﻦ أواﻣﺮ‬CREATE: ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت أو ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺗﻬﺎ )ﻣﺜﻞ‬ (‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ DROP: ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﺤﺬف اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬. ALTER: ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.. SQL Commands: 1. DDL – Data Definition Language: DDL or Data Definition Language actually consists of the SQL commands that can be used to define the database schema. delete database structures but not data. List of DDL commands : CREATE: This command is used to create the database or its objects (like table) DROP: This command is used to delete objects from the database. ALTER: This is used to alter the structure of the database. 2. DML – Data Manipulation Language: The SQL commands that deal with the DML – ‫ أواﻣﺮ‬:‫ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬SQL ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.. manipulation of data. List of DML commands: INSERT: It is used to insert data into a table. UPDATE: It is used to update existing data within a table. DELETE: It is used to delete records from a database table. ‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺤﺬف اﻟﺴﺠﻼت ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪول ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬:‫ﺣﺬف‬ 3. DCL – Data Control Language: which mainly deal with the rights, permissions, and other controls of the database system. List of DCL commands: GRANT: ‫ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ اﻣﺘﻴﺎزات اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.. GRANT: This command gives users access privileges to the database. REVOKE: This command withdraws the user’s access privileges given by using the GRANT command. PL/SQL: is a block structured language, increases processing speed and decreases the traffic. SQL Plus editor: It is an Oracle editor that allows you to execute SQL statements and commands. NOTE: Any database created on Oracle requires users who have access to it. Oracle SQL Developer: is a free, integrated development environment that simplifies the development and management of Oracle Database. Developer applications: 1. Prototype building program: This program is used to build models and interfaces for any system PL/SQL: ‫ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ وﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور‬،‫ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ‬..‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﺎذج وواﺟﻬﺎت ﻷي ﻧﻈﺎم‬:‫ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬.1. :‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻮر‬ Oracle‫ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺗﺒﺴﻂ‬: ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ وإدارة ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬Oracle SQL.‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻮر‬Oracle.‫واﻷواﻣﺮ‬  2. Report Builder: Reports can be constructed in several formats;They may be in tabular form, in main or sub-class form, in matrix form, and so on 3. Graphic Builder: It displays data and develops graphical applications such as graphical and analytical charts..‫ ﻳﻌﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻳﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬:‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺊ اﻟﺮﺳﻮم اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬.3 CH2 ‫ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬:‫ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬.1:‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ إﱃ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ‬ Protection can be divided into two main parts: 1. system protection: Controls access to and use of the database at the system level 2. Data protection: Controls access to database elements..‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ Concepts:.‫ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎزات اﻟﻤﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺆول ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬:‫اﻟﺪور أو اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ SQL:‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﺒﺎرة‬:‫اﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎزات‬ Privileges: It is the right to execute a specific SQL statement..‫ اﺳﻢ ﻳُﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬ Role or function: It is a package of Privileges granted to the user by the Database Administrator..‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت آﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮح ﺑﻪ أو اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات أو اﻟﻀﻴﺎع‬:‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ Schema: A name given to one group of elements..‫ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إﱃ رﻣﺰ ﺳﺮي ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮاءﺗﻬﺎ دون إذن‬:‫اﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺮ‬..‫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮدة إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ﻧﺴﺨﺎ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث أي ﺷﻲء ﺳﻴﺊ‬ ً ‫ اﺣﻔﻆ‬:‫اﻟﻨﺴﺦ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‬ Database Administration involves taking care of a database. Protecting the database: means keeping the information safe from unauthorized access, changes, or loss. Encryption: Turning information into secret code to prevent others from reading it without permission. Backups: Save extra copies of the database in case something bad happens, so you can go back to the way things were. Creating Users: CREATE USER: A reserved phrase to announce the creation of a user. :‫إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬ username: The name of the user to be created. IDENTIFIED BY: ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻣﺤﺠﻮزة ﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ Create Session valid: ‫ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬،‫ وﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ إذن اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬.‫ﻫﻮ إذن ﻣﻨﺢ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ Create View valid: ‫ﻫﻮ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﺮض‬. : IDENTIFIED BY: A reserved phrase to set the password for the user. std 30 ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺢ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬Grant Connect to std 30 Password: The password to be assigned to the user. Create Session validity: It is the permission to grant a session in the database. It is the same as the connect permission, but it is a temporary connection Create View validity: It is the power to create an offer. To give connection access to user std 30: Grant Connect to std 30 Or ‫ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎت ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت أي أﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ وﻣﻨﺤﻬﻢ اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎت‬: dba ‫داﻟﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ Grant Create Session to std 30 A function called dba: which gives the user database administrator authority, meaning he can create all items And modify them, as well as create users and give them permissions. Changing Passwords: ALTER USER: reserved for modifying a user. username: The name of the user whose password you want to modify.: IDENTIFIED BY: A reserved to set the new password for the user. :‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺮور‬ :.‫ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ‬:‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ :‫ﻗﻔﻞ وﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬ new_password: The new password to be assigned to the user. ALTER USER username ACCOUNT LOCK ; Locking and Unlocking Users: ALTER USER username ACCOUNT LOCK; ALTER USER username ACCOUNT UNLOCK; CH3 PL/SQL: ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ؛ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ أداة‬.PL/SQL.‫ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎءات‬،‫ وﻋﺒﺎرات ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬،‫ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ إﻋﻼﻧﺎت‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗ ُﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ داﺧﻞ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات وأﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬PL/SQL ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬:‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬ PL/SQL: is not a standalone programming language; it is a tool Block Structure: PL/SQL programs are organized into blocks, which can include declarations , executable statements, and exception handlers. Variables and Data Types: Variables are used to store and manipulate data within PL/SQL programs. Triggers: are special types of stored procedures that automatically execute. PL/SQL.‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬.‫ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬:‫اﻟﺜﻮاﺑﺖ‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬PL/SQL ‫ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ Collections: PL/SQL supports collections. Constants: Values that do not change during program execution. Variables: The declaration is done in the declaration section of a PL/SQL block. Variable name: :‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮف‬ Must start with a letter. Can include letters or numbers. Can include special characters ( such as $ , _ , and # ) Must contain no more than 30 characters. Must not include reserved word. Variable assignment: You can assign values to variables using the := assignment operation Composite Types: - - :‫اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬.‫ ﻧﻮع ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ اﺣﺘﻮاء ﺣﻘﻮل ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬:‫اﻟﺴﺠﻞ‬ Record: composite data type that can hold multiple fields. Table: collection of elements of the same data type Array: varying-size array type.AND، OR، NOT :‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬ Logical Operations: AND, OR, NOT..‫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺆدي ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻏﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ وﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬.‫ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﺪﺧﻼت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻷداء ﻣﻬﺎم ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬،‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ؟ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺎت ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ What is a Function? In computer programming languages, a function refers to a set of various instructions that receive input from users for performing certain tasks. These functions then serve their purpose in the program accordingly and return a value..‫ﺗﺤﻜﻤﺎ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎءات‬ ً ‫ أﺧﺮى ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻚ‬PL/SQL‫داﺧﻞ‬ single-line comments: start with the delimiter -- (double hyphen) ‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬PL/SQL ‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﺸﻴﺶ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻞ‬:‫ ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬PL/SQL ‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬to_char(‫ )ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ‬-- ‫ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬:‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت ذات ﺳﻄﺮ واﺣﺪ‬.. convers a numeric value to a string using the to_char function PL/SQL Nested Block: To nest a block means to embed one or more PL/SQL blocks inside another PL/SQL block that provide you with a better control over program execution and exception handling. 1‫؟‬ CH7 Oracle APEX ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬. APEX ‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻬﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬...‫ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬- ‫ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ وﻧﺸﺮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ واﻟﻮﻳﺐ وﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن‬Oracle APEX ‫ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬.3.‫ﻣﺮة‬ 100 ‫ ﻣﺮة ﻣﻊ ﻛﻮد أﻗﻞ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬20‫ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ وآﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻴﺰات ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬. ‫أﺳﺮع ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬2 What is Oracle APEX? 1. APEX is the world’s most popular enterprise low-code application platform. 2. It enables you to build scalable and secure enterprise apps with world-class features 20X faster with 100X less code. 3. Oracle APEX delivers the most productive way to develop and deploy Mobile ,Web, and Desktop apps everywhere - cloud and on-premises. Benefits of Low-Code: No specialization needed, very easy to learn Less code to write, helps innovate faster Rapid delivery, Acceleration of speed to market Address business requirements with minimal cost :‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ ﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬ Attract and retain top talent with innovative culture ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ اﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎر ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺮع‬،‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﻮد أﻗﻞ‬ ‫ وﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻃﺮح اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻮق‬،‫ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ ﺟﺬب أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﻫﺐ واﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮة‬ 1. Application Name and theme 2. Add Page (By Default added home page) 3. Application Feature 4. Application Settings 5. Click Create Application ‫ اﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮق إﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬.5‫ إﻋﺪادات اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬. 4‫ ﻣﻴﺰة اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬. 3(‫ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ )ﻳﺘﻢ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻴًﺎ‬. 2‫ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ واﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬. 1  1. Run Application: When you click on it, the application will start. 2. Supporting Objects: Gives you some incentives to improve the application. 3. Sheard Components: Through this button you can add external content such as images. 4. Utilization: Some dashboards are provided to know the extent of application usage. 5. Export / Import: You can export and import the application and upload it to another environment.‫ ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ‬:‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬.7.‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫ إﻧﺸﺎء ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬:‫ إﻧﺸﺎء ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬. 6. Create Page: Create New Page 6.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ واﺳﺘﻴﺮاده وﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻪ إﱃ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ أﺧﺮى‬:‫اﻻﺳﺘﻴﺮاد‬/‫ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ‬. 5.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻟﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪى اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬:‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬. 7. Application Pages: All Page created it will show here 4‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰر ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ‬:‫ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﺷﻴﺮ‬..‫اﻟﺼﻮر‬ 3.‫ ﺗﻤﻨﺤﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﻮاﻓﺰ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬:‫ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬. PAGE21:. ‫ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة؛ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه واﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎؤه أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮة ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﺰن ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ إﺟﺮاء‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻗﺪرة اﻹﺟﺮاء اﻟﻤﺨﺰن ﻋﲆ اﺳﺘﻌﻼم واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺳﺠﻞ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﲆ ﺳﺠﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷواﻣﺮ‬.‫آﺧﺮ وإﺟﺮاء ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﻋﲆ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺠﻼت‬.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت أن ﺗﻌﻴﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ أو ﻻ ﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﻴﺌًﺎ‬.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻗﻴﻢ اﻹدﺧﺎل واﻹﺧﺮاج‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﺘﻮي اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎت‬ CH4..‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء إﺟﺮاء ﻣﺨﺰن داﺧﻞ إﺟﺮاء ﻣﺨﺰن آﺧﺮ‬Declare ‫ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ‬As ‫ أو‬IS‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻹﺟﺮاء؟‬ ‫ وﺗﺆدي وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬،(‫ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع )ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‬،‫ ﻫﻮ وﺣﺪة ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ اﺳﻢ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺪدة‬ What is the procedure?.‫ ﻣﻊ اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬،‫ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﺘﻪ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ It is a partial software unit with a name, is of type (subprogram), and performs a specific function. It is similar in structure to anonymous software modules, with a slight difference. IS or As is used instead of Declare. It is written once; we can execute and call it more than once because it is stored in the database. It may or may not return a value. The ability of a stored procedure is not limited to a single query. Still, it can perform a group of commands, such as adding a record and then modifying data on Another record and doing calculations on another set of records. Stored procedures can contain parameters, which means they can use input and output values. These transactions can return more than one value or nothing. A stored procedure can be called inside another stored procedure. Where: Create Procedure: They are reserved words for creating an action Replace: It is an optional word used if the software unit is already defined, so it is deleted and replaced with the new version. Knowledge of the current unit. Procedure_name: The name of the procedure used, and the variable naming conditions apply to it Parameter: They are operands to pass values to and from the database, and the procedure takes zero or more of these operands. Mode: It is the state of transactions and has three values: IN, OUT, IN, OUT Datatype: The data type does not take a specific length. IS | AS: It is used to declare and define internal variables of the procedure and is used instead of the word declare. Begin: Start writing the procedure code. :‫أﻳﻦ‬ Create Procedure: ‫ﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺤﺠﻮزة ﻹﻧﺸﺎء إﺟﺮاء‬ Exception: Optional for writing and error handling. Replace: ‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬.‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ واﺳﺘﺒﺪاﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺻﺪار اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫ﻫﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬. Procedure_name: ‫ وﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺮوط ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬،‫اﺳﻢ اﻹﺟﺮاء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ End: End of procedure. Parameter: ‫ﺻﻔﺮا أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬ ً ‫ وﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻹﺟﺮاء‬،‫ﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ وإﱃ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬. Mode: ‫ﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت وﻟﻬﺎ ﺛﻼث ﻗﻴﻢ‬: IN, OUT, IN, OUT Datatype: ‫ﻣﺤﺪدا‬ ً ً‫ﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻃﻮﻻ‬. IS | AS: ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻹﻋﻼن وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺟﺮاء وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬announce. Begin: ‫اﺑﺪأ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﻮد اﻹﺟﺮاء‬. Exception: ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬. Parameters: It is the means to transfer values to and from the environment that calls for the action. They are similar to variables, but only the value is passed inside them, while a variable stores the value inside them. Parameters are defined after the procedure name, and the data type does not take a specific size. :‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬.‫ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ وإﱃ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ اﻹﺟﺮاء‬.‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﺰن اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬،‫ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬،‫ وﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬.‫ﻣﺤﺪدا‬ ً ‫ﺣﺠﻤﺎ‬ ً ‫ وﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬،‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﻢ اﻹﺟﺮاء‬  :‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎت ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬:‫ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ‬ IN ‫ ﻳﻤﺮر ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء إﱃ‬:(‫)اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ‬.(‫اﻹﺟﺮاء )ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ OUT: (‫ﻳﻤﺮر ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاء إﱃ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء )ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬. IN OUT: ‫ ﻳﻤﺮر ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء إﱃ اﻹﺟﺮاء ﺛﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬Exit (‫ )ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ وﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬.‫إﱃ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء‬. There are three types of Parameters as follows: Entrance type: Description IN (default): Passes a fixed value from the calling environment to the procedure (receives). OUT: Passes a value from the procedure to the calling environment (sends). IN OUT: It passes a value from the calling environment to the procedure and then using the same parameter returns a value from Exit to the calling environment. (receives and sends) :‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬.‫ ﻟﻘﺪ درﺳﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﺑ ًﻘﺎ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ وأﻧﻮاع ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬ Stored functions:.‫ وﻫﻮ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬،‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ً ‫ اﻵن ﺳﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬... ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء أﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬ We previously considered stored procedures and types of defined programming blocks. Now we will discuss a second type, which is functions Stored. Stored functions are created and defined by the user and have the same properties as stored procedures, except that they... It returns a value using the return command. :‫اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬... ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء أﻧﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬ Stored functions:.‫ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺈرﺟﺎع ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ اﻹرﺟﺎع‬ Stored functions are created and defined by the user and have the same properties as stored procedures, except that they... It returns a value using the return command. function can have zero or more parameters and must have one return value. The function consists of two main parts: 1- Header: This part comes before the word IS or AS and defines the name of the function, the parameters, and the data type of the returned value. Use the reserved word Return. The data type of the returned value must contain the size of the value, and it is sufficient to specify its type. 2- Body: ‡ It is everything after the word Is or AS that begins with the word Begin and ends with the word End ,followed by the name of the function. ‡ The function body must contain at least one return statement. Note: Functions cannot change data in tables, as they cannot execute Insert, update, and delete statements To call the function in the previous Note: Rollback cannot be performed for any DDL operation such as Drop Function, Drop Procedure 1:‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰأﻳﻦ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ‬ When a function is deleted, it cannot be returned again - Header: 2..‫ وﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﻮع ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدة ﻋﲆ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ Return،‫وﻳﺤﺪد اﺳﻢ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬.‫ وﻧﻮع ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدة‬،‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺠﻮزة‬AS ‫ أو‬IS ‫ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺰء ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬- Body: ‫و‬ update‫ و‬Insert.‫واﺣﺪة ﻋﲆ اﻷﻗﻞ‬ ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﺒﺎرات‬،‫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺪوال ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪاول‬:‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬return.‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺎ‬ ً ، ‫ ‡ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻋﺒﺎرة‬End ‫ وﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬Begin ‫ وﻳﺒﺪأ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬AS ‫ أو‬Is ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ ‡ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ‬delete ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬  ‫أن ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ إرﺟﺎع واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬Return‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ داﺧﻞ‬ Comparison between stored procedures and stored functions: (‫)ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻋﺒﺎرة إرﺟﺎع ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬OUT Procedure Function ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻋﺒﺎرة إرﺟﺎع‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ إرﺟﺎع واﺣﺪة أو اﺛﻨﺘﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬ Executed as part of an expression Inside ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬PL/SQL:‫اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ واﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬ Executes as a PL/SQL statement (Expression) It must contain a return statement with the It contains a return statement command Return It can have one or two return values More using the word OUT in the definition It must have only one return value Parameters. :‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﺟﺮاءات واﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ Benefits of using procedures and functions: ‫ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‬.‫ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﻪ‬.‫ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﺮص ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ Improve efficiency Improve the ability to maintain and monitor the program. Improve data protection opportunities CH5 ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬ :‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ً ‫ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷواﻣﺮ واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ إﻣﺎ أن ﺗﺘﻢ‬.‫وﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ أو ﻻ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق‬ ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻢ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﱃ ﻓﻘﺪان‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺪث اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ Transaction:.‫أو ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاؤﻫﺎ وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬،‫ ﺑﺨﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬ It is a set of sequential commands and operations that either take place together and are all fully implemented or do not take place at all. Therefore, when the operations occur, they are not done if their effect leads to loss or inconsistency in data. Otherwise, it is done and stored in the database. Examples of transaction movement include: :‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺴﺤﻮﺑﺎت واﻹﻳﺪاﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﻮك‬ ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻼت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬ The movement of withdrawals and deposits in banks ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺸﺮاء ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ ﺣﺠﺰ ﺗﺬاﻛﺮ اﻟﻄﻴﺮان ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ Electronic bank transfer movement Online purchasing movements Online flight ticket reservations What is the transaction? It is a logical unit of work consisting of a sequential series of separate operations that transform the system from one stable state to another. Data at any stage of the transaction must be in a stable position. The transaction is considered successful if all the separate, sequential operations that comprise it succeed. Atransaction is considered a failure if one of the separate sequential operations that comprise it fails for any reason. All changes made since the start of the transaction are saved. If the transaction succeeds, these changes are confirmed, but if it fails as a result of failure In one of the operations, the system is restored to its state before the start of the transaction. All modifications caused by previous operations are undone within the same transaction. ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ؟‬ ‫ ﻫﻲ وﺣﺪة ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة إﱃ أﺧﺮى‬.‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬ ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ إذا ﻧﺠﺤﺖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﺎﺷﻠﺔ إذا ﻓﺸﻠﺖ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻷي ﺳﺒﺐ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ أﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﻌﺎدة اﻟﻨﻈﺎم إﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬،‫ أﻣﺎ إذا ﻓﺸﻠﺖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬،‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬،‫ إذا ﻧﺠﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﺒﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬.‫ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ‬.‫ ﻧﻘﻮل إن اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاؤﻫﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ داﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﻲء ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴًﺎ‬،‫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ أو ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ‬ This process of undoing the transaction is called rollback. When the modifications made by the transaction become permanent, we say that the transaction has been committed. A transaction can only be successful or unsuccessful, meaning there is no such thing as a partially successful transaction. Commands used with transaction? A transaction begins when a change is made to the database through DML instructions. The transaction ends if one of the following happens:...‫ ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬DCL ‫ أو‬DDL. ‫ اﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت ﻟﻐﺔ‬Rollback. ‫ اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ‬Commit. Close the program. :‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ إذا ﺣﺪث أﺣﺪ اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ‬DML‫اﻷواﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ؟‬.‫ إﻏﻼق اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ Save manual changes using the Commit command. ‫ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ إﺟﺮاء ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻋﲆ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬ Undo all changes in the deal using the Rollback command. Autosave when using a DDL or DCL language instruction. Program failure. :‫اﻷواﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ Begin transaction: ‫ﻟﺒﺪء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ Commit: ‫ﻳﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺠﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬. The commands used for transactions include: Rollback: ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ أﺟﺮﻳﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ إﺗﻤﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬. Save point: ‫ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺤﺘﺎج إﱃ‬،‫ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬،‫أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺪة ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ :‫ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وﺻﻠﻨﺎ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ Begin transaction: to start the transaction Commit: It saves the changes we make to the database. Rollback: It is used to undo all the changes we made before completing the transaction. Save point: During the transaction and after several changes, for example, we may need to save the point we have reached as follows: ROLLBACK ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﺮ‬،‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬،‫ واﻟﺬي ﺳﻴﺨﺒﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ وﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‬:COMMIT‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ إﻋﺎدﺗﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ أو ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ أو إﻟﻐﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﻣﺮ‬.. Save A point Then all changes after that point can be undone as follows. Rollback A To undo or cancel a transaction: When a problem arises while executing a transaction, we can roll it back to the starting point or a specified save point COMMIT command: which will tell the database to confirm and commit the changes created by the deal, After this point, the transaction cannot be rolled back using the ROLLBACK command. We use the AUTOCOMMIT command: to handle autosave To activate this command Determine the beginning of the transaction : BEGINTRANSACTION transaction_name; transaction called Checking: BEGINTRANSACTION Checking;.;SET AUTOCOMMIT ON|OFF; :‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‬COMMIT transaction_name; :‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﻮ‬Before Change: SAVEPOINT BeforeChange; To create a save point: SAVEPOINT savepoint_name; ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺴﻤﺎة‬SAVEPOINT savepoint_name; :‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺣﻔﻆ‬Checking: BEGINTRANSACTION Checking; ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎة‬BEGINTRANSACTION transaction_name‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬: To create a save point named Before Change: SAVEPOINT BeforeChange; :‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬AUTOCOMMIT ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﻣﺮ‬ The general form of the execution order is: COMMIT transaction_name; To save and execute the transaction automatically : SET AUTOCOMMIT ON|OFF;  ‫ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬:‫ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‬..‫ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬،‫رﺑﻂ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻨﻤﻮذج ﻣﺮﻛﺰي‬ 1‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ واﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ Oracle ‫ﺑﻨﺎء ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ :‫ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬.‫ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬:‫✓ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ CH6.‫ إﻧﺸﺎء اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ واﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﺲ‬:‫✓ رﺑﻂ ﻧﻤﺎذج إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺿﻤﺎن اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬:‫✓ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ Building Integrated Database Applications in Oracle with Basic Elements and Models 1. Multi-Form Applications: are comprehensive database applications constructed by linking various forms to a central form, representing the main system screen. Steps to Build: ✓ Design the main form: Create a form that acts as the central hub for the application. ✓ Link additional forms: Establish connections between the main form and other forms to allow seamless navigation. ✓ Implement data sharing: Ensure effective communication between forms for integrated data handling. :‫ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺪة‬. ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬،‫ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺑﺠﺪاول ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬:‫✓ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ 1. Types of Models: ‫ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼم أو اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬:‫ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬.‫ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬2:‫ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺪة‬..‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ اﻟﻤﺰاﻣﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬،‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺑﺠﺪاول ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬:‫✓ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ 1. Bound Models: ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻠﺰم أن ﺗﻨﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬:‫✓ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﻮر‬ ✓ Characteristics: Directly tied to database tables, facilitating real-time 1:‫ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬. 1 synchronization. ✓ Use Cases: Suitable for data manipulation forms where changes need to reflect in the database instantly. 2. Unbound Models: ✓ Characteristics: Not directly associated with database tables, providing flexibility. Use Cases: Ideal for inquiry forms or reports where data manipulation is not the primary focus. 3. Building Models to Pass Data to Tables: Steps: ✓ Identify the target table: Determine the table to which data needs to be sent. ✓ Create a bound model: Develop a model associated with the target table. ✓ Define data bindings: Establish connections between form elements and model attributes ✓ Implement data validation: Ensure data adheres to table constraints. ✓ Enable data submission: Facilitate the process of submitting data to the :‫ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﱃ اﻟﺠﺪاول‬. :‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ database..‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﺐ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﻟﻴﻪ‬:‫✓ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪف‬.‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪف‬:‫✓ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ 4. Building Models to Display Data from Tables: ‫ إﻧﺸﺎء اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج وﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬:‫✓ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ 3.‫ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺰام اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻘﻴﻮد اﻟﺠﺪول‬:‫✓ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ Steps: ‫ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﱃ‬:‫✓ ﺗﻤﻜﻴﻦ إرﺳﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ✓ Identify the source table: Determine the table from which data needs to be displayed. ✓ Choose a model type: Select either a bound or unbound model based on requirements. ✓ Define data bindings: Connect form elements to model attributes for displaying data. ✓ Implement data retrieval: Develop mechanisms to retrieve data from the database. ✓ Design data presentation: Create an effective layout for presenting the retrieved data. :‫ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪاول‬. :‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬.‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻨﻪ‬:‫✓ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺪا أو ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﻨﺎءً ﻋﲆ‬ ً ‫ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﺎ‬ ً ‫ ﺣﺪد إﻣﺎ‬:‫✓ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻮع اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ رﺑﻂ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﺑﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﻟﻌﺮض‬:‫✓ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ آﻟﻴﺎت ﻻﺳﺘﺮداد اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ‬:‫✓ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﺳﺘﺮداد اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬.‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ إﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺮدة‬:‫✓ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬4.‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺨﻴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬:‫ ﻣﻞء اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬.2.‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬:‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬. 1‫ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬:‫ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬..‫اﻟﺨﻴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻣﺴﺒ ًﻘﺎ‬ :‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ 6:‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬. 5. Using Basic Elements in Forms:.‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻹﺟﺮاءات أو اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬:‫أزرار اﻷواﻣﺮ‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط وﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺺ‬ Command Buttons: Utilize for triggering actions or navigation between forms. Text Fields: Capture and display textual data Drop-down Lists: Provide users with predefined options for data entry. 6. Building Lists Within Forms: Lists within forms allow users to select from a set of predefined options. Steps: 1. Create a list item: Define the list element within the form. 2. Populate the list: Specify the options available for selection. :‫ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬..‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﻳﻀﻤﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺼﻘﻮﻟﺔ‬:‫اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ :‫ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬ ‫وﺧﻄﻮﻃﺎ ﻣﺘﺴﻘﺔ‬ ً ‫✓ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم أﻟﻮاﻧًﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺴﻬﻞ‬ ً ‫✓ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬.‫✓ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺿﻮح‬.‫✓ ﻧﻔﺬ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺳﻠﺴﺔ‬7 7. Formatting forms: Importance: Formatting enhances user experience and ensures a polished interface. Formatting Tips: ✓ Use consistent colors and fonts ✓ organize elements logically for intuitive navigation. ✓ Ensure proper spacing for clarity. ✓ Implement error handling for a seamless user experience. Oracle Forms: ‫ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻮرﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ Oracle Forms: ‫ وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ واﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﺤﺐ واﻹﻓﻼت‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻨﺺ واﻷزرار واﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ واﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬Oracle Forms:‫ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬. 1. Graphical Development Environment: Oracle Forms provides a visual development environment where developers can design forms using drag-and-drop components. This includes various user interface elements such as text fields, buttons, lists, and more. ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻮرﻳﻦ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻤﺎذج‬. 2. Integration with Oracle Database:.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻼﺳﺔ‬،‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺪاول ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻌﺮوض واﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ‬Oracle ‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ وﺛﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬Oracle Forms: ‫ﻳﺘﻢ دﻣﺞ‬Oracle ‫ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬. Oracle Forms is tightly integrated with Oracle Database. Developers can create forms that interact with database tables, views, and stored procedures, allowing for seamless data manipulation and retrieval. ‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬.‫ﻋﺎد ًة ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ واﻟﺨﺎدم‬ 3. Client-Server Architecture:.‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻷداء‬.‫ وﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﲆ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺨﺎدم‬،‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ‬Oracle Forms:‫ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ واﻟﺨﺎدم‬. ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬3 Oracle Forms applications typically follow a client-server architecture. The forms themselves run on the client side, interacting with the database on the server side. This architecture helps in distributing the processing load and improving performance. 4. Forms Runtime: Oracle Forms applications can be run in Forms Runtime mode, providing end-users with the ability to interact with the forms. Forms Runtime can be launched as a standalone application or embedded in a web browser. ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ‬،‫ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ وﻗﺖ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ وﻗﺖ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﻛﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬.‫أو ﻣﻀﻤﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬Oracle Forms:‫ وﻗﺖ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬. ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬4. Oracle Application Server ‫ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬Oracle Forms:‫ اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬. ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬5 5. Web Deployment:.‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺳﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق وﺻﻮل اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت إﱃ ﺟﻤﻬﻮر أوﺳﻊ‬،‫وﻫﺬا ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ Oracle Forms applications can be deployed on the web using Oracle Application Server. This enables users to access forms through a web browser, extending the reach of applications to a broader audience. 6. Security Features:.‫ وﻫﺬا ﻳﻀﻤﻦ أن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮح ﻟﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬.‫ ﻣﻴﺰات أﻣﺎن ﻣﺜﻞ آﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺎدﻗﺔ واﻟﺘﻔﻮﻳﺾ‬Oracle Forms:‫ ﻣﻴﺰات اﻷﻣﺎن‬. ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬6 Oracle Forms provides security features such as authentication and authorization mechanisms. This ensures that only authorized users can access and manipulate data through the forms. 7. Integration with Other Oracle Technologies: ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ Oracle ‫ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت وﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬Oracle Forms:‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ دﻣﺞ‬Oracle ‫ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت‬.7Oracle Reports ‫ و‬،‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬Oracle Discoverer ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف‬، Oracle Forms can be integrated with other Oracle technologies and products, such as.‫ ﻟﺬﻛﺎء اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬Oracle BI‫و‬ Oracle Reports for generating printable reports, Oracle Discoverer for data exploration, and Oracle BI for business intelligence. CH8.‫ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺠﺪول‬DML:‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ‬.‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻐﻞ‬،‫ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث‬.‫ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﺑﺤﺪث‬.‫ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ]إﻋﻼن[ وﺑﺪاﻳﺔ وﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ What is Trigger: ‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺠﺪول ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت أو إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ إﺟﺮاء‬ A block of code that is attached to an event. When that event occurs the trigger code is fired. A stored block with [Declare], Begin, End. Associated with a database table or action Fires automatically when certain DML action is carried out on the table Trigger Uses: 1. Auditing ✓ Write information about (sensitive) data modifications to an audit table ✓ May include old and new values, user, timestamp ✓ E.g. new and old salary 2. Data Integrity ✓ Implement checks on data against business rules ✓ Can compare with live database values ✓ NEW and OLD values can be compared ✓ E.g. prices must not go down 3. Referential integrity ✓ Allows implementation of a "cascade update" ✓ E.g. if author ID (aID) is changed, appropriately change authID in foreign key 4. Derived data ✓ Update any stored derived data when base data changes ✓ E.g. if total number of employees is stored, add 1 if new employee added 5. Security ‫ اﻷﻣﺎن‬. ✓ Logging of database access ‫✓ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ واﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺠﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬،‫✓ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ✓ E.g. date and time each user logs on ‫ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻄﻠﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‬،‫✓ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬5‫إذا ﺗﻤﺖ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ 1‫ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬. ✓ E.g. deny access at weekend ‫✓ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ أي ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ أﺿﻒ‬،‫ إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ‬،‫✓ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬4‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮف‬،( aID‫ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻹﺷﺎرة‬. "‫✓ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ "ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ) ‫✓ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل إذا ﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬3‫ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬. ‫✓ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫✓ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫✓ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة واﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫✓ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر‬ 2‫ اﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬. ‫✓ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت )اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ( إﱃ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫وﻃﺎﺑﻌﺎ زﻣﻨﻴًﺎ‬ ً ‫وﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ وﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ ً ‫✓ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫✓ ﻋﲆ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬. Categorization on the trigger level:..‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة اﻟﺤﺪث‬:‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‬DML:‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬه ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﺠﻞ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة‬:‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺼﻒ‬ ROW Level trigger: It gets executed for each record that got updated by a DML statement. STATEMENT Level trigger: It gets executed only once by the event statement. Categorization of the trigger timing: BEFORE trigger: It gets executed prior to the specific event that has taken place. AFTER trigger: It