CPAR Week 5 Notes PDF

**NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS**: **Fernando Amorsolo** (May 30, 1892 -- April 24, 1972) Amorsolo is the first National Artist in the country and..was known for using backlighting technique in painting,. making his creations bright and cheerful. Carlos "Botong" Francisco (November 4, 1912 --...

**NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS**: **Fernando Amorsolo** (May 30, 1892 -- April 24, 1972) Amorsolo is the first National Artist in the country and..was known for using backlighting technique in painting,. making his creations bright and cheerful. Carlos "Botong" Francisco (November 4, 1912 -- March 31, 1969) Francisco revived the art of mural and was considered.. to be the most distinguished mural painter for about three.. decades and was known for using historical events as.. subject matter for his murals. **Guillermo E. Tolentino** (July 24, 1890 -- July 12, 1976) Honored as National Artist for Sculpture in 1973 and was known for designing the seal of the Republic of the Philippines, and the gold and bronze medals for the Ramon Magsaysay Award. Tolentino's works include the "UP Oblation". **Napoleon V. Abueva** (January 26, 1930) Abueva was considered to be the Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture. He is skillful in creating both representational and modern abstract sculptures using a wide variety of materials. He was also known for creating "buoyant sculpture," a type of sculpture to be viewed from the surface of a pool. **Victorio C. Edades** (December 23, 1895 -- March 7, 1985) Recognized as the Father of Modern Philippine Painting and was known for using dark somber colors in his paintings. His works focused on factory workers, laborers or other simple townspeople. **Vicente Manansala** (January 22, 1910 -- August 22, 1981) He was known for his paintings depicting realistic.. themes using an abstract or a cubist style. He believed.. that."the beauty of art is in the process, in the moment of.. doing a particular painting, closely associating it with the.. act of making love. **Hernando R. Ocampo** (April 28, 1911 -- December 28, 1978) Ocampo was largely known for his abstract paintings. His works featured shapes bounded with curved lines painted in intense colors. His masterpiece "Genesis" was used as the basis of the design of the curtain of the Cultural Center of the Philippines CCP) Main Theater. **Cesar Legaspi** (April 2, 1917 -- April 7, 1994) Legaspi was known for utilizing and refining cubism, a style involving breaking parts into geometric shapes, in his paintings. **Ang Kiukok** (March 1, 1931 -- May 9, 2005) He was known for his paintings expressing nationalism and sociological agenda during the 60's through vivid cubistic figures. His works include "Geometric landscape," "Pieta," and the "Seated Figure." Jose T. Joya (June 3, 1931 -- 1995) Joya is known for pioneering abstract expressionism in the Philippines. His most notable work is the Granadean Arabesque (1958). He also represented the Philippines in the 1964 Venice Biennale. **NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR ARCHITECHTURE:** **Pablo S. Antonio** (January 25, 1902 -- June 14, 1975) He was considered a pioneer in modern Philippine architecture. A prominent feature of his designs is the use of natural light and cross ventilation. According to Antonio, buildings should be planned with austerity in mind and its stability forever as the aim of true architecture; that buildings must be progressive, simple in design but dignified, true to a purpose without resorting to an applied set of aesthetics and should eternally recreate truth. **Leandro V. Locsin** (August 15, 1928 -- November 15, 1994) His designs usually features themes of floating volume and a mix of both eastern and western aesthetics. **Ildefonso P. Santos** (September 5, 1929 -- January 29, 2014) Santos pioneered landscape architecture in the Philippines. His work in the Makati Commercial Center incorporated fountains, sculptures and landscapes to a shopping area. **NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR LITERATURE**: Historical Literature **Carlos Quirino** (November 4, 1910 -- May 20, 1999) He is the first and so far the only National Artist for.. Historical Literature and was also known for writing "The. Great Malayan," which considered to be one of the earliest.. biographies of Jose Rizal. Literature **Francisco Arcellana** (September 6, 1916 -- August 1, 2002) Arcellana is a writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist and teacher, who is recognized as one of the pioneers in writing modern Filipino short stories in English. He also originated the lyrical prose-poetic form in writing short stories. **N.V.M Gonzales** (September 8, 1915 -- November 28, 1999) Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales is a fictionist, essayist, poet and teacher. He earned numerous recognitions including the First Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940, the Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1960 and the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in 1990. **Nick Joaquin** (May 4, 1917 -- April 29, 2004) He is considered as the most distinguished Filipino.. writer in English writing. His body of work extends from.. short stories to poems to essays which includes journalism.. and reportage. He used the name Guerre Quijano de.. Manila as journalist. **F. Sionil Jose** (December 3, 1924) F.Sionil Jose is one of the most widely read Filipino writers founded the Philippine chapter of the international organization PEN. **Alejandro Roces** (July 13, 1924 -- May 23, 2011) Roces is known for his comic short stories which includes "My Brother's Peculiar Chicken." He also led the campaign to change the country's Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. **Edith L. Tiempo** (April 22, 1919 -- August 21, 2011) Tiempo is a poet, fictionist, teacher and literary critic who founded the Siliman National Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City with her late husband Edilberto K. Tiempo. **Virgilio S. Almario** (March 9, 1944) Also known as Rio Alma, who is among the notable.. modernist poets. He reinvented the traditional Filipino.. poetry forms. **Amado V. Hernandez** (September 13, 1903 -- May 24, 1970) Hernandez is known for his contribution in the development of the Tagalog prose through the use of colloquial style. **Carlos P. Romulo** (January 14, 1899 -- December 15, 1985) Romulo is noted as a diplomat and an awarded journalist. He is the first Asian President of the United Nations General Assembly, and the only Asian to win the Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for his articles on the World War II. **Bienvenido Lumbera** (April 11, 1932) Lumbera is a multi-awarded poet, critic and librettist. His works includes Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa (poems in Filipino and English), 1993; Balaybay, Mga Tulang Lunot at Manibalang, 2002; Sa Sariling Bayan, Apat na Dulang May Musila, 2004; Tales of the Manuvu and Rama Hari. **Cirilo F. Bautista** (July 9, 1941) Bautista is a poet, fictionist and essayist. He founded Philippine Literary Arts Council in 1981, the Iligan National Writers Workshop in 1993, and the Baguio Writers Group. **Lazaro Francisco** (February 22, 1898 -- June 17, 1980) Francisco is among the prominent writers in the Tagalog language. He established the Kapatiran Ng Mga Alagad Ng Wikang Pilipino (KAWIKA) in 1958 to support Tagalog as national language. **Jose Garcia Villa** (August 5, 1908 -- July 7, 1997) Villa is recognized as one of the best contemporary.. poets. He is best known for introducing the reversed.. consonance rhyme scheme and his use of punctuation,. especially commas. **NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR DANCE, MUSIC, FILM, AND THEATER:** Cinema/Film **Lamberto V. Avellana** (February 12, 1915 -- April 25, 1991) Avellana was tagged as the "The Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies" as early as 1939. Kalderong Pilak was the first film by a Filipino filmmaker shown in Cannes International Film Festival. **Manuel Conde** (October 9, 1915 -- August 11, 1985) Conde is known for producing and directing films based on old Filipino tales such as Siete Infantes de.. Lara.(1950), Si Juan Tamad (1974), Ang Ibong Adarna.(1941). He also brought to the silver screen stories from the other parts of the worlds like Genghis Khan (1950). **Eddie S. Romero** (July 7, 1924 -- May 28, 2013) He is a screenwriter, film director and producer who is behind the Filipino classics such as "Ganito Kami Noon\...Paano Kayo Ngayon?", "Banta ng Kahapon" and "Aguila" as well as the 13-part series "Noli Me Tangere". **Lino Brocka** (April 3, 1939 -- May 22, 1991) Catalino "Lino" Ortiz Brocka is recognized for his films which explores the lives of people in the marginalized sectors. Brocka also directed for theater organizations such as the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) and the Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP). **Gerardo de Leon** (September 12, 1913 -- July 25, 1981) De Leon is a prominent film maker in the 50's and 60's.. producing classics such as "Daigdig ng Mga Api," "Noli Me. Tangere," "El Filibusterismo," "dyesebel" and "Sisa." **Ishmael Bernal** (September 30, 1938 -- June 2, 1996) Bernal, who was hailed by the critics as "The Genius of the Philippine Cinema," is known for directing films that projects the realities of the Filipinos. He was hailed as Director of the Decade of the 1970s by the Catholic Mass Media Awards; four-time Best Director by the Urian Awards (1989, 1985, 1983 and 1977); and given the ASEAN Cultural Award in Communication Arts in 1993.\ **Ronald Alan K. Poe** (August 20, 1939 -- December 14, 2004)\ More known as Fernando Poe, Jr. He is an icon in film.industry as an actor, director,\ writer and producer. He. starred in films like "Mga Alabok sa Lupa" (1967),\ "Partida". (1985), "Ang Probinsyano" (1996), and among others.\ Dance\ **Francisca Reyes Aquino** (March 9, 1899 -- November 21, 1983)\ She was known for her research on Philippine folk dances, which later resulted to a thesis entitled\ "Philippine Folk Dances and Games." It was distributed to public and private schools.\ **Leonor Orosa Goquingco** (July 24, 1917 -- July 15, 2005)\ She was known as the "Mother of Philippine Theater Dance," Goquingco blended folkloric and Asian styles\ in ballet choreography. She was a founding member of the Philippine Ballet Theater and the Honorary Chair\ of the Association of Ballet Academies of the Philippines.\ **Ramon Obusan** (June 16, 1938 -- December 21, 2006)\ A dancer, choreographer, artistic director, researcher, and documentary filmmaker. He was able to promote\ Filipino culture in other countries using the art of dance through the Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group.\ **Lucrecia Reyes -- Urtula** (June 29, 1929 -- August 24, 1999)\ Reyes-Urtula was the dance director of the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company, for which she\ choreographed different Philippine folk, ethnic dances, pageants and festivals.\ **Alice Reyes** (October 14, 1942)\ Reyes is known in blending styles and movements from Philippine indigenous dance, classical ballet, and\ modern dance in expressing Filipino subject matters. This is said to be the "contemporary dance language\ that is uniquely Filipino."\ Music\ **Antonino Buenaventura** (May 4, 1904 -- January 25, 1996)\ He was known for his marches including the..\ "Triumphal March," "History Fantasy," "Echoes from the..\ Philippines," and "Ode to Freedom." He was a conductor..\ of.the Philippine Army Band. He wrote compositions for..\ solo instruments, symphonic and orchestral works, which.\ are based on Philippine folksongs.\ **Ernani Cuenco** (May 10, 1936 -- June 11, 1988)\ He was known for the following songs: "Bato sa Buhangin," "Gaano Kita Kamahal," "Inang Bayan," "Isang\ Dalangin," "Kalesa," and "Pilipinas." These works brought contemporary Filipino music to a higher level.\ The song, "Gaano Kita Kamahal", he added elements of Kundiman. He played with the Filipino Youth\ Symphony Orchestra and the Manila Symphony Orchestra from 1960 to 1968. **Francisco Feliciano** (February 19, 1941 -- September 19, 2014)\ His major works include "Ashen Wings," "Sikhay sa Kabila ng Paalam," and "Pamugun." He was known\ for the use of modal scales in his operas and orchestral works. He used indigenous music in his\ compositions.\ **Jovita Fuentes** (February 15, 1895 -- August 7, 1978)\ She was best known for her portrayal of Cio-cio San in Giacamo Puccini's Madame\ Butterfly in Italy in April 1925. When she returned to the Philippines, she established the\ Artists' Guild of the Philippines in an effort to instill love for opera in her countrymen.\ **Jose Maceda** (January 31, 1917 -- May 5, 2004)\ He conducted researches and fieldwork to explore Filipino traditional music further and to understand the.\ nature of Philippine ethnic and traditional music. His efforts.gave birth to a huge number of recorded\ Philippine ethnic and traditional music.\ **Lucio San Pedro** (February 11, 1913 -- March 31, 2002)\ Best known for his compositions "Sa Ugoy ng Duyan," "Sa Mahal Kong Bayan," "Dance of the Fairies,"\ "Triumphal March," and "Lahing Kayumanggi," Lucio San Pedro was the conductor of the Peng Kong\ Grand Mason Concert Band, the San Pedro Band of Angono, and the Benda Angono Numero Uno. Working\ with these bands and other town bands helped in the development of a civic culture among Filipino\ communities.\ **Levi Celerio** (April 30, 1910 -- April 2, 2002)\ Celerio is most known for his recognition as the only man who could play music with a leaf in the Guinness\ Book of World Records. He also earned Lifetime Achievement Award of the Film Academy of the\ Philippines for writing songs for local movies. He was also known as the dean of Filipino lyricists.\ **Felipe Padilla de Leon** (May 1, 1912 -- December 5, 1992)\ He was known for Filipinizing western music forms. His.works, which include\ "Mariang Maikling Overture,". "Maynila Overture," "Payapang Daigdig," and\ "Ako'y. Pilipino," expressed sentiments and aspirations of the. Filipino in\ times of strife and peace.\ **Lucrecia R. Kasilag** (August 31, 1918 -- August 16, 2008)\ She was known for fusing Filipino ethnic music with Western musical influences. She was also known for\ incorporating Filipino indigenous musical instruments in orchestral works.\ **Antonio J. Molina** (December 16, 1894 -- January 29, 1980)\ Molina was known for introducing the pentatonic scale, whole tone scale, linear counterpoints and the use of\ dominant ninths and eleventh chords in Philippine music.\ **Ramon P. Santos** (February 25, 1941)\ Santos is a Filipino composer, musicologist and..\ ethnomusicologist who was made a Chevalier de I'Orde..\ des Arts et Lettres in 1987. He helped in advocating..\ modern Philippine music that is still based on early Asian.\ practices and way of life. 8\ **Andrea Veneracion** (July 11, 1928 -- July 9, 2013)\ She was the founder of the world-renowned University of the Philippines Madrigal Singers, or simply the\ Philippine Madrigal Singers, which is the first choir in the world to win the European Grand Prix for Choral\ Singing twice. Veneracion is also recognized as an important authority in the development of Philippine\ choral music.\ Theater\ **Daisy Avellana** (January 26, 1917 -- May 12, 2013)\ She co-founded the Barangay Theatre Guild,..\ together with her husband, National Artist Lamberto..\ Avellana, in 1939. This move made theatre and..\ dramatic arts popular in the country. She was known..\ as.director of films "Diego Silang" (1968) and "Walang..\ Sugat" (1971).\ **Honorata "Atang" dela Rama** (January 11, 1902 -- July 11, 1991)\ She was named National Artist for Theater and Music in 1987. She was known as the Queen of Kundiman,\ and the first actress to portray a 15-year-old in the very first Tagalog film, which was the film version of the\ Sarsuela "Dalagang Bukid."\ **Salvador F. Bernal** (January 7, 1945 -- October 26, 2011)\ Honored as National Artist for Theater Design in 2003, Bernal used local materials including bamboo,\ abaca, hemp twine, and rattan in theater design for local productions.\ **Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero** (January 22, 1910 -- May 1, 1995)\ He served as the director of UP Dramatic Club for 16 years since 1947. He founded the UP Mobile Theater,\ which started the concept of theater campus tour.\ Severino Montano (January 3, 1915 -- December 12, 1980)\ He organized the Arena Theater Playwriting Contest which became the initial ground for playwrights to\ showcase their talents in writing while serving as Dean of Instruction of the Philippine Normal College.\ GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN (GAMABA):\ **Eduardo Mutuc** (2005 awardee)\ He dedicated his life in creating religious and secular art in silver, bronze and wood. According to him,\ craftsmanship begins with respect for one's tools and the medium, and the only way to improve one's skills\ is to immerse oneself, learn the technique, and to practice.\ **Darhata Sawabi** (2005 awardee)\ She is a Tausug weaver of pis syabit -- the traditional cloth tapestry worn as a head cover. Women in Sulu\ province have grown up learning in weaving the pis syabit and she is one of those who took the art of pis\ syabit making to heart.\ **Haja Amina Appi** (2005 awardee)\ She is recognized as a master mat weaver among the Sama indigenous community for her unique designs,\ straightness of her edging (tabig), and fineness of her sasa and kima-kima.\ **Lang Dulay** (1998 awardee)\ She is a T'boli traditional weaver of "tinalak" or T'boli cloth made of colorful abaca fabrics. She used abaca\ fibers as fine as hair which speaks more eloquently than words can.\ Salinta Monon (1998 awardee)\ She is a Tagabanwa-Bagobo traditional weaver of distinct abaca fabrics called inabal. She developed a keen\ eye for the traditional designs and can identify the designs as well as the author of a woven piece just by a\ glance.\ **Alonzo Saclag** (2000 awardee)\ He is a Kalinga master of dance and the performing arts who mastered not only the Kalinga musical\ instruments but also the dance patterns and movements associated with his people's ritual.\ **Federico Caballero**\ He is a Sulod-Bukidnon epic chanter who works for the documentation of the oral literature. He is\ considered as bantugan which means a person who has attained distinction. He strikes to dispense justice in\ the community through his work as a manughusay which is an arbiter of conflicts.\ **Masino Intaray** (1993 awardee)\ He is a prolific and pre-eminent epic canter and story teller recognized for his outstanding mastery of\ various traditional musical instruments of the Palaw'an people, such as basal, kulilal and bagit. He is an\ outstanding master of the basal, kulilal (musical ensemble) and bagit; a gifted pot, bard artist, and musician.\ Samon **Sulaiman (1993 awardee)\ He** is Magindanaon, who is highly sophisticated in weaving, okir designs, jewelry, metalwork and brassware\ which art is Southeast Asian yet distinct in character.\ **Uwang Ahadas** (2000 awardee)\ His near-blindness eyesight made music his constant companion. He is a Yakan, a people to whom\ instrumental music is of much significance, connected as it is with both the agricultural cycle and the social\ realm.\ **Ginaw Bilog** (1993 awardee)\ He is a Hanunoo Mangyan who is considered as a master of the ambahan poetry. He shares old and new\ ambahans with his fellow Mangyans and promotes this poetic form in every occasion. A common cultural\ aspect among cultural communities nationwide is the oral tradition characterized by poetic verses which are\ either sung or chanted.\ **Magdalena Gamayo** (2012 awardee)\ She is a master weaver who makes "inabel", an Ilokano handwoven cloth. She was awarded for her wide\ array skills in textile weaving. Her handiworks are finer than most abel. Her blankets have a very high\ thread count and her deigns are the most intricate that sometimes take up to five colors.\ Each visual art form not only exhibits the skills of the artists, but also showcases the ideas coming\ from the mind of that artists. Understanding the elements and principles of contemporary arts is vital in\ appreciating all of the art forms in the Philippines. This lesson focuses on the elements and principles of\ contemporary arts\ of performing arts and literature. Hence, Visual arts were tackled in our previous lessons. **LITERATURE**\ This is a body of workshop that show the best that has been thought and said or works that signify the\ achievements of a particular culture.\ Types and elements of literature: ***Prose and Poetry***\ **Poetry** refers to expressing of feeling or idea with the use of figurative or symbolic language.\ Meaning. A writer can use idioms, new words, allusion, and connotations in expressing his feelings or\ ideas.\ Figurative language. A writer may use of simile, metaphor, and other figures of speech in expressing\ something in a different way aside from its literal meaning.\ Imagery. This consists of descriptions and details that can trigger the readers' senses.\ Sound and Rhythm. Sound is the emphasis on certain words while rhythm is the position of beats or the\ sound pattern of the work. **Prose** is a literature that is not poetry with two categories: informative and persuasive, just like an essay.\ Theme or content. This is the general thought or idea of the composition.\ Style. This refers to the choices of words and sentence structures used to convey the message.\ Form and structure. This is the sequence of topic and transitions that make the whole essay.\ Plot or story line. This is the sequence of events in the story that gives the flow of the narrative.\ Characters. This can be a person, an animal or even thing who takes part in the story.\ Setting. This is the time and place where the story happened.\ Theme. This is the central thought of the story.\ Language and style. Style is the choices of words which includes the\ sentence structures and figurative language that affect the mood of the story.\ Point of view. The narrator may present the author himself for the third-person point of view. The\ narrator can also be one of the characters in\ **Traditions and Forms Of Philippine Poetry:\ Ethnic Tradition**\ Epic. This relates adventures of a super hero with powers and serves as a code of values of a particular\ ethnic group.\ Folk song. A song that is transmitted orally from one generation to another and known as awiting bayan\ in Tagalog.\ Proverbs. A concise statements that teach morality and tradition and usually expressed as rhyming pair\ of lines that depict two different elements.\ Riddles. This describes an object in a different manner or in a way that is not easily understood and may\ be a question for someone to discover the meaning.\ Short poems. This usually has four lines, with 5-12 syllables per line.\ Poetic jousts. This may involve marriage negotiations between two families in\ Spanish Colonial Tradition\ Metrical romance. This focuses on chivalric, folkloric, legendary, and religious themes.\ Pasyon. This is written in a stanza with 5 lines with 8 syllables per line which recounts the life of Jesus\ Christ. This is useful as a source of images, stories of Jesus Christ.\ Forms of Contemporary Prose In The Philippines:\ Folk narrative. Any story based on real or fictional events in the past told among the people in a\ community.\ Myth. This is a story that explains the origin of the world and its first inhabitants.\ Legend. Heroic and historical legend tackles episodes in the lives of great men and women. Religious\ legend narrates display of miracles of God and of the saints. Supernatural legend focuses on the existence of\ beings from the underworld. Toponymical legend explains why a certain place has this name.\ Folktales. These are classified into animal tales or fables, magic tales, humorous tales, novelistic tales,\ religious and didactic tales.\ Essay. This explains the insights or information using description, narration, and humor.\ Novel. This defined as the lengthy and complex narrative of events based on the author's imagination.\ Short story. This is a concise secular narrative with romantic, realistic and radical tradition.\ Komiks. This is a special form of contemporary literature which involves drawing frames showing a set\ of characters with their actions and usually contains a balloons enclosed with words or dialogue. **MUSIC**\ It is an arrangement of sounds to create a continuous and unified compositions.\ Elements of Music:\ Melody. This is succession of consecutive notes or tones changing in pitch and duration.\ Rhythm. It has three qualities: tempo which describes how fast or slow is the music; meter which refers\ to the unit of time that is made up of beats or pulses; and rhythmic pattern.\ Harmony. This is a combination of different tones or pitches played sung together at the same time.\ Texture. This is the relationship of melodic and harmonic lines in music.\ Dynamics.\ Timbre. Also known as tone color which is the quality of sound generated by the instrument or voice.\ Form. This refers to how the elements of music are organized.\ Forms and Types Of Philippine Music:\ Ethnic traditional music\ Ballad. A song that explains an event occurring in a community.\ Chant. A song with an unaccompanied melody and variable rhythm.\ Song debate. A song involving male and female singers who try to outsmart each other about a certain\ topic.\ European-influenced Religious and Secular music\ Art song. A composition characterized by merging the voice part, lyrics, and the accompaniment\ together to achieve an artistic musical whole.\ Habanera/Danza. This is a social dance in duple time.\ Liturgical music. This is a vocal and instrumental compositions that go together with the official rites of Christian churches.\ Kumintang. This is a dance of love accompanied by a guitar and a string bass and documented as a war\ song.\ Pasyon chant. Refers to the various styles used throughout the country for the singing of the pasyon.\ American-inspired music\ Classical music. This music includes classical music from the western world; and classical and modern\ music composed by Filipinos.\ Semi-classical music. These includes band and rondalla music, hymns and marches, sarswela music, and\ stylized folk songs.\ Popular music. This includes original music composed by Filipinos which utilizes Western and local\ musical influences.\ DANCE\ It is an art of involving a series a rhythmic human movements that are purposely selected and involves a\ mindful effort to combine movements together.\ Elements of Dance:\ Body element. This is how the body of the dancer moves, what part of the body moves, what actions are\ performed, and how the body support itself.\ Space. This focuses on the area where the dance is performed.\ Time. This is the accent, beat, duration, meter, rhythm, and acceleration.\ Energy. This is referred to as dynamics. This element describes how energy is directed through the body,\ and how the body releases it.\ Relationship. This is how the person relates to the stage and to production elements.\ Forms and types of dances in the Philippines:\ Folk dance. This is a dance that are developed and performed together by ordinary people. This includes\ ceremonial, combative, courtship, exorcism, funeral, game, torture, comic, and religious dances.\ Ballet. This is a theatrical dance presentation in which a plot is integrated with dancing, music, and stage\ design.\ Modern dance. A dance form that emerged during the 20th century and still considered theatrical but it\ veers away from the technique and style of ballet.\ Other forms of dance:\ THEATER\ It is an art form that involves performing carefully planned actions and emotions in front of an audience.\ Philippine theater is described as a wide range of mimetic performances that were created and presented\ during occasions.\ Elements of theater:\ Performers. These are the persons who are on stage and portray their characters for the audience.\ Audience. They serves as the witness of the performance and energy given by the performers.\ Director. Serves as an overseer to the entire production and ensures that the performers do their job well\ and the design works well.\ Performance space. This refer to the space in which the actors can perform and space for the audience to\ stand.\ Design. This is essential in placing the overall feel of the production which includes lighting, set,\ costumes, and sound.\ Text. This is the script to be presented in a play or production.\ Form and types of Philippine theater:\ Dulang Pahiyang. Theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as part of life.\ Dulambayan. Also known as people's theater and considered "theater in the context of social\ movements"\ Teatrong Pansimbahan. This is concerned with spirituality and usually performed depending on the\ events in the church calendar.\ FILM\ This refers to a sequence of moving pictures shown on television or in cinema. Film making became an\ industry in the Philippines during the 1950's.\ Elements of Film:\ Time. This is considered as the most significant element of cinema.\ Techniques of cinema.\ Cutting or editing.Involves one shot with another, making sure that these two shot are\ connected.\ Camera movement. Thisis done in order to have a smoother change of view.\ Framing. This helps bringing balance to the film as it is being viewed.\ Forms and types of Film:\ Aksyon (Action). This uses conflict as emphasis based on real-life stories or actual experiences of\ persons and based from the tradition of metrical romance or literary komedya.\ Animation. A film that involves creating illustrations or inanimate images and bringing them to life.\ Bomba. A film that depicts nudity and sex but is different from X-rated pornography.\ Dokyu (documentary). This is a motion picture that narrates news events or explain other subject matter\ based on facts.\ Drama. This is a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and conflicts which draws sentiment\ and emotion.\ Experimental. This attempts to create something innovative or that is never done before with the camera.\ Fantasy. This depicts scenes in an imaginary world.\ Historical. This shows actual events that occurred in the past.\ Horror. This is shown to bring fear to the audience.\ Komedi (Comedy).1