Contemporary World Midterm Reviewer PDF

**Contemporary World: Reviewer** **Global Divides** - - - **Colonial Legacy** 1\. **Colonial mentality** - **The perception that one's identity is inferior** compared to foreign culture and ethnicity. 2\. **Racism** - The belief **that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits,...

**Contemporary World: Reviewer** **Global Divides** - - - **Colonial Legacy** 1\. **Colonial mentality** - **The perception that one's identity is inferior** compared to foreign culture and ethnicity. 2\. **Racism** - The belief **that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits, where differences make one superior.** 3\. **Discrimination** - The unjust (or prejudicial) treatment of different categories of people, particularly with their ethnicity, age, sex, or disability. **Unequal Trade Relationships** - - **Economic Disparity: Global North Vs. Global South** **Economic Disparity** **North** **South** ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- Per Capita Income High Low Access to Technological Advancement Easy Difficult Employment Sectors Technology-based, Finance-focused, Manufacturing Agriculture-focused, Export-heavy, Labor-intensive **Social and Political Implications** **Economic Disparity** **North** **South** -------------------------------- --------------- ----------------------- Access to Education High Low Access to Healthcare High Low Access to other Basic Services High Low Global Governance Can influence Can barely contribute **Poverty and Wealth Inequity** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Positive Impacts** | **Negative Impacts** | +===================================+===================================+ | Can create new economic | - Can exacerbate poverty by | | opportunities via: | widening income inequalities | | | | | - - - | - May face challenges in | | | competing with more advanced | | Generates jobs | economies | | | | | Increases incomes | - May lead to job losses in | | | traditional sectors | | | | | | - Increases vulnerability for | | | marginalized populations | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Impact on Latin America** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Problem** | **Description** | +===================================+===================================+ | Income Inequality | A small elite holds a | | | disproportionate share of wealth | | | compared to the majority. | | | | | | This is exacerbated by global | | | economic trends favoring | | | developed regions. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The Global Market | Challenges accessing global | | | markets due to trade barriers, | | | tariffs, and unequal trade | | | agreements, limiting global | | | competitiveness. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Commodities | Many economies rely on exports of | | | primary commodities. | | | | | | Fluctuations in global commodity | | | prices can lead to instability. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Social and Human Development | Poverty and social exclusion | | | persist, with many lacking access | | | to education and healthcare. | | | | | | Economic disparities drive | | | migration to developed regions. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Political Influence and | Challenges on influence in global | | Governance | decision-making forums, impacting | | | their ability to advocate for | | | interests in trade, environmental | | | policies, and aid. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Technological Access and Digital | Disparities in internet access | | Divide | between urban and rural areas. | | | | | | Limited investment in Research | | | and Dev. hinders innovation and | | | competitiveness. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Environmental and Climate | Deforestation and biodiversity | | Challenges | loss, exacerbated by global | | | policies and climate change. | | | | | | Demand for resources can lead to | | | scarcity and social conflicts. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Impact on the Philippines** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Topic** | **Description** | +===================================+===================================+ | ----------------- | Industries like business process | | Economic Growth | outsourcing (BPO), manufacturing, | | ----------------- | and tourism have boosted economic | | | growth. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Income Inequality | Growth concentrated in urban | | | areas, leaving rural communities | | | and marginalized populations | | | behind. | | | | | | Wealth gap persists despite | | | overall economic progress. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **UN's Role in Mitigating Poverty and Wealth Inequity through SDGs** - - - - - **Asian Regionalism** --------------------- - Organization Year Founded Purpose Members ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **APEC** (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 1989 Promote economic growth in the Asia-Pacific. Aus, Brunei, Canada, Indo, Japan, SK, Malaysia, NZ, Ph, Singapore, Thail, USA **ASEAN** (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) 1967 Promote cultural development, & economic and political cooperation. Brunei, Cambodia, Indo, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Ph, Singa, Thai, Vietnam **BIMSTEC** (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) 1997 Enhance regional cooperation and growth in South and SE countries. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thai **SAARC** (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) 1985 Foster regional cooperation and stability. Afghan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka **SASEC** (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation) 2001 Improve trade and cross-border connectivity. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka **Impact of Globalization on Asian Regionalism** **Trade and Investment** - - - **Regional Organizations** - - - - - - **Digital Connectivity** - - **Technological Innovation** - - ### **Challenges** - - **Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Expression** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Aspect** | Impact | +===================================+===================================+ | **Awareness and Visibility** | **Global Influence -** Western | | | advocacy and regional platforms | | | increase visibility. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Awareness and Visibility** | **Regional Responses -** | | | Platforms like ASEAN and SAARC | | | facilitate exchanges on | | | | | | SOGI issues. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Legal & PolicyFrameworks** | **Global Standards**- Pressure | | | from international bodies pushes | | | for SOGI rights, *though local | | | policies vary.* | | | | | | **Regional Variations** - | | | Adoption of varied legal | | | protections across Asian | | | | | | countries influenced by cultural | | | and political contexts. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cultural Attitudes** | **Cultural Exchange & Local | | | Contexts** - Exposure to diverse | | | perspectives promotes acceptance, | | | but traditional values often | | | resist change. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Challenges** | **Conservative Backlash** - | | | Resistance to perceived foreign | | | influences may | | | | | | restrict advocacy efforts for | | | SOGI rights | | | | | | **Legal and Social Stigma** - | | | shaped by regional responses to | | | | | | global influences. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Access to Services** | **Healthcare and Social Services | | | & Digital Connectivity** - | | | Improved healthcare access and | | | digital advocacy support SOGI | | | communities. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Indigenous Peoples in the Philippine Context** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Aspect** | **Impact** | +===================================+===================================+ | **Economic Integration** | **Globalization & Regional | | | Economic Initiatives** | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Cultural Identity and | **Cultural Exchange & | | Preservation** | Preservation Efforts** | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Legal and Land Rights** | **International Standards & | | | Regional Cooperation** | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Education and Social | **Access to Education & Access to | | Development** | Social Services** | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Environmental Impact** | **Global Markets.& Conservation | | | Efforts** | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+