Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) 2023-24 PDF

 College of Architecture and Planning Bachelor of Building Engineering Program Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) (2023-24) Instructors Dr. Abdullah Qahtani Office: AD-316 Email: [email protected]...

 College of Architecture and Planning Bachelor of Building Engineering Program Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) (2023-24) Instructors Dr. Abdullah Qahtani Office: AD-316 Email: [email protected] LECTURE 1: Introduction to building construction  Architecture The difference between Engineering building 1.01 THE BUILDING and Architecture and building construction are not necessarily one andI the same thing. An understanding of the methods for assembling various materials, elements, and components is necessary during both the design and the construction of a building. A system can be defined as an assembly of interrelated or interdependent parts forming a more complex and unified whole and serving a common purpose. A building can be understood to be the physical embodiment of a Horenough number of systems and subsystems that must necessarily be ⑤ Q related, coordinated, and integrated with each other as well as 3 with the three-dimensional form and spatial organization of the building as a whole. 2  Roof Systems 1.02 BUILDING SYSTEMS Shell Moisture & Thermal Structural System Protection The structural system of a building is designed and constructed to support and transmit applied gravity and lateral loads safely to the Floor Systems ground without exceeding the allowable stresses in its members. Special Construction The superstructure is the vertical extension of a building above the foundation. Interiors Above Doors & Windows Superstruction Columns, beams, and loadbearing walls support floor and roof structures. The substructure is the underlying structure forming the Equipment & Furnishings Mechanical & foundation of a building. substructure - 1.05 LOADS ON BUILDINGS 12 1.06 WIND LOADS 13 1.07 STRUCTURAL FORCES ↳ ↓ ↑ 14  [Resi g ned To Take a 1.08 COLUMNS Eig o f Kerr. 15  1.09 BEAMS 1111111 , 115 & D gi 16  & 1.10 PLATE STRUCTURES 2 may For square Rectangle I way For 65517ijs support s. 9 17 1.10 PLATE STRUCTURES g ! 18  is Higher Ob. · 1.11 STRUCTURAL SPANS · on was 19 1.12 STRUCTURAL GRIDS 20 · 1.13 JOINTS & CONNECTIONS 21 1.13 JOINTS & CONNECTIONS 22 THANK YOU Dr. Qahtani. Abdullah Assistant Professor, Dep. of Building Engineering College of Architecture and Planning Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) Tel. +966 13 333 1785 23  College of Architecture and Planning Bachelor of Building Engineering Program Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) (2023-24) Instructors Dr. Abdullah Qahtani Office: AD-316 Email: [email protected] LECTURE 2: The building Site 2.01 BUILDING IN CONTEXT Buildings do not exist in isolation. They are conceived to house, support, and inspire a range of human activities in response to sociocultural, economic, and political needs, and are erected in natural and built environments that constrain as well as offer opportunities for development. The microclimate, topography, and natural habitat of a site all influence design decisions at a very early stage in the design process. To enhance human comfort as well as protect energy and material resources, responsive and sustainable design respects the indigenous qualities of a place, adapts the form and layout of a building to the landscape, and takes into account the path of the sun, the rush of the wind, and the flow of water on a site. Consideration of these contextual forces on site and building design cannot proceed without a brief discussion of sustainability. 2  2.02 SUSTAINABILITY In 1987, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, issued a report, Our Common Future. Among its findings, the report defined sustainable development as “a form of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Principles: Resources: Reduce resource consumption Land Reuse resources Materials Recycle resources for reuse Water Protect nature Energy Eliminate toxics Ecosystems Apply life-cycle costing Focus on quality Phase: Planning Development Design Construction Use & Operation Modification Deconstruction 3  2.03 GREEN BUILDING The terms “green building” and “sustainable design” are often used to describe any building designed in an environmentally sensitive manner. However, sustainability calls for a whole-systems approach to development that encompasses the notion of green building but also addresses broader social, environmental, and economic aspects. 4  fig 2.04 GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS Green building is increasingly governed by standards, such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) Green Building Rating System. It used in more than 135 countries. There are a number of LEED rating systems available to meet the needs of different building and project types: LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction LEED v4 for Interior Design and Construction LEED v4 for Building Operations and Maintenance LEED v4 for Neighborhood Development 5 2.04 GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS The LEED rating system for new construction addresses nine major areas of development. 6 2.04 GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS The LEED rating system for new construction addresses nine major areas of development. 7  frether Leed que 2.04 GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS & 8 2.04 GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS Another one 9 2.04 GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS 10  2.05 SITE ANALYSIS Site analysis is the process of studying the contextual forces that influence how we might situate a building, lay out and orient its spaces, shape and articulate its enclosure, and establish its relationship to the landscape. Any site survey begins with the gathering of physical site data. Draw the area and shape of the site as defined by its Consider the impact of landforms and adjacent legal boundaries. structures on solar access, prevailing winds, and the Indicate required setbacks, existing easements, and potential for glare. rights-of way. Evaluate solar radiation as a potential energy source. Estimate the area and volume required for the building Determine possible points of access from public program, site amenities, and future expansion, if roadways and public transit stops. desired. Study possible circulation paths for pedestrians and Analyze the ground slopes and subsoil conditions to vehicles from these access points to building locate the areas suitable for construction and outdoor entrances. activities. Ascertain the availability of utilities: water mains, Identify steep and moderate slopes that may be sanitary and storm sewers, gas lines, electrical power unsuitable for development. lines, telephone and cable lines, and fire hydrants. Locate soil areas suitable for use as a drainage field, if Determine access to other municipal services, such as applicable. police and fire protection. Map existing drainage patterns. Identify the scope of desirable views as well as Determine the elevation of the water table. objectionable views. Identify areas subject to excessive runoff of surface Cite potential sources of congestion and noise. water, flooding, or erosion. Evaluate the compatibility of adjacent and proposed Locate existing trees and native plant materials that land uses. should be preserved. Map cultural and historical resources that should be Chart existing water features, such as wetlands, preserved. streams, watersheds, flood plains, or shorelines that Consider how the existing scale and character of the should be protected. neighborhood or area might affect the building design. Map climatic conditions: the path of the sun, the Map the proximity to public, commercial, medical, and direction of prevailing winds, and the expected amount recreational facilities. 11 of rainfall. 2.06 SOILS There are two broad classes of soils—coarse-grained soils and fine-grained soils. Coarse-grained soils include gravel and sand, which consist of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye; fine- grained soils, such as silt and clay, consist of much smaller particles. 12 2.06 SOILS The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Unified Soil Classification System further divides gravels, sands, silts, and clays into soil types based on physical composition and characteristics. See table that follows. 13  2.06 SOILS The soil underlying a building site may actually consist of superimposed layers, each of which contains a mix of soil types, developed by weathering or deposition. To depict this succession of layers or strata called horizons, geotechnical engineers draw a soil profile, a diagram of a vertical section of soil from the ground surface to the underlying material, using information collected from a test pit or boring. A subsurface investigation involves the analysis and testing of soil disclosed by excavation of a test pit up to 10' (3 m) deep or by deeper test borings in order to understand the structure of the soil, its shear resistance and compressive strength, its water content and permeability, and the expected extent and rate of consolidation under loading. From this information, the geotechnical engineer is able to gauge the anticipated total and differential settlement under loading by a proposed foundation system. 14  2.06 SOILS The allowable bearing capacity of a soil is the maximum unit pressure a foundation is permitted to impose vertically or laterally on the soil mass. In the absence of geotechnical investigation and testing, building codes may permit the use of conservative load-bearing values for various soil classifications. While high-bearing-capacity soils present few problems, low-bearing-capacity soils may dictate the use of a certain type of foundation and load distribution pattern, and ultimately, the form and layout of a building. Density is a critical factor in determining the bearing capacity of granular soils. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) measures the density of granular soils and the consistency of some clays at the bottom of a borehole, recording the number of blows required by a hammer to advance a standard soil sampler. In some cases, compaction, by means of rolling, tamping, or soaking to achieve optimum moisture content, can increase the density of a soil bed. https://youtu.be/59qqWwfJCH8?si=ix2AbVpHrj2j46sT 15 2.07 TOPOGRAPHY 16 2.07 TOPOGRAPHY 17 2.08 TREES 18 2.08 TREES 19 2.09 SOLAR RADIATION 20 2.09 SOLAR RADIATION 21 2.09 SOLAR RADIATION 22 2.10 PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN ①G 23 2.10 PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN 24 2.10 PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN 25 2.10 PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN 26 2.11 SOLAR SHADING 27 2.11 SOLAR SHADING 28 2.11 SOLAR SHADING 29  los's 2.12 DAYLIGHTING 30 2.12 DAYLIGHTING 31 2.13 PRECIPITATION 32 2.14 SOUND 33 2.15 VIEWS 34 i 2.16 SITE ACCESS & CIRCULATION 35 2.17 PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION 36 2.17 PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION 37 2.18 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION 38 2.19 VEHICULAR PARKING 39 2.19 VEHICULAR PARKING 40  2.20 THE SITE PLAN A completed site plan should include the following items: 41 42 2.21 THE SITE PLAN 43 THANK YOU Dr. Qahtani. Abdullah Assistant Professor, Dep. of Building Engineering College of Architecture and Planning Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) Tel. +966 13 333 1785 44  College of Architecture and Planning Bachelor of Building Engineering Program Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) (2023-24) Instructors Dr. Abdullah Qahtani Office: AD-316 Email: [email protected] LECTURE 3: Foundation Systems 3.01 FOUNDATION SYSTEMS 2 3.01 FOUNDATION SYSTEMS 3 3.01 FOUNDATION SYSTEMS 4 3.02 TYPES OF FOUNDATION SYSTEMS 5 3.03 EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 6 3.03 EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEMS X 7 3.03 EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 8 3.04 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS a O 6 7 I 9 3.04 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS 10 3.04 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS & a - 11 3.05 SPREAD FOOTINGS 12 3.05 SPREAD FOOTINGS 13 3.05 SPREAD FOOTINGS 14 3.06 FOUNDATION WALLS 15 3.06 FOUNDATION WALLS 16 3.07 COLUMN FOOTINGS * # ↑ 17 3.07 COLUMN FOOTINGS 18 3.07 COLUMN FOOTINGS 19 3.08 CONCRETE SLABS ON GRADE 20 3.08 CONCRETE SLABS ON GRADE 21 3.08 CONCRETE SLABS ON GRADE 22 3.08 CONCRETE SLABS ON GRADE 23 3.08 CONCRETE SLABS ON GRADE 24 3.08 CONCRETE SLABS ON GRADE 25 3.08 CONCRETE SLABS ON GRADE 26 3.08 CONCRETE SLABS ON GRADE 27 3.09 DEEP FOUNDATIONS (PILE FOUNDATIONS) 28 3.09 DEEP FOUNDATIONS (PILE FOUNDATIONS) 29 3.09 DEEP FOUNDATIONS (PILE FOUNDATIONS) 30 3.09 DEEP FOUNDATIONS (CAISSON FOUNDATIONS) 31 THANK YOU Dr. Qahtani. Abdullah Assistant Professor, Dep. of Building Engineering College of Architecture and Planning Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) Tel. +966 13 333 1785 32  College of Architecture and Planning Bachelor of Building Engineering Program Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) (2023-24) Instructors Dr. Abdullah Qahtani Office: AD-316 Email: [email protected] LECTURE 4: Floor Systems 4.01 FLOOR SYSTEMS 2 4.02 CONCRETE BEAMS ⑳ Do. 3 4.02 CONCRETE BEAMS 4 4.02 CONCRETE BEAMS 5 4.03 CONCRETE SLABS 6 4.03 CONCRETE SLABS 7 4.03 CONCRETE SLABS 8 4.03 CONCRETE SLABS 9 4.03 CONCRETE SLABS 10 4.03 CONCRETE SLABS 11 4.04 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 12 4.05 PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEMS 13 4.05 PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEMS 14 4.05 PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR SYSTEMS 15 Y 4.06 STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING 16 4.06 STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING 17 4.06 STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING 18 4.06 STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING 19 4.06 STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING 20 THANK YOU Dr. Qahtani. Abdullah Assistant Professor, Dep. of Building Engineering College of Architecture and Planning Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) Tel. +966 13 333 1785 21  College of Architecture and Planning Bachelor of Building Engineering Program Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) (2023-24) Instructors Dr. Abdullah Qahtani Office: AD-316 Email: [email protected] LECTURE 5: Wall Systems 5.01 WALL SYSTEMS Deadhead. Mostly : - 2 5.01 WALL SYSTEMS 3 5.02 CONCRETE COLUMNS Twinkle Twinkle Littlestaina Yanggenera 4 5.03 CONCRETE FORMWORK 5 5.03 CONCRETE FORMWORK 6 5.04 CONCRETE SURFACING 7 5.04 CONCRETE SURFACING 8 5.04 CONCRETE SURFACING 9 5.05 PRECAST CONCRETE WALLS 10 5.05 PRECAST CONCRETE WALLS 11 5.05 PRECAST CONCRETE WALLS 12 5.05 PRECAST CONCRETE WALLS 13 5.06 MASONRY WALLS 14 5.06 MASONRY WALLS - gor read searing 15 5.06 MASONRY WALLS mas Lo Lou Lt or At H ↳ 16 nam t E thickness 5.06 MASONRY WALLS = a ① S & G D 17 5.07 UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS 18 5.07 UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS 19 5.07 UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS 20 5.07 UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS 21 5.07 UNREINFORCED MASONRY WALLS 22 5.08 REINFORCED MASONRY WALLS 23 5.08 REINFORCED MASONRY WALLS 24 5.08 REINFORCED MASONRY WALLS 25 5.09 MASONRY LINTELS 26 5.09 MASONRY LINTELS 27 5.09 MASONRY LINTELS 28 5.10 EXPANSION & CONTROL JOINTS 29 5.10 EXPANSION & CONTROL JOINTS 30  5.10 EXPANSION & CONTROL JOINTS is me. That af 31 sat ( 32 33 THANK YOU Dr. Qahtani. Abdullah Assistant Professor, Dep. of Building Engineering College of Architecture and Planning Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) Tel. +966 13 333 1785 34  College of Architecture and Planning Bachelor of Building Engineering Program Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) (2023-24) Instructors Dr. Abdullah Qahtani Office: AD-316 Email: [email protected] LECTURE 6: Roof Systems 6.01 ROOF SYSTEMS 2 6.01 ROOF SYSTEMS 3 6.02 ROOF SLOPES 4 6.02 ROOF SLOPES 5 6.02 ROOF SLOPES 6 6.04 REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF SLABS 7 6.04 REINFORCED CONCRETE ROOF SLABS · 8 6.05 PRECAST CONCRETE ROOF SYSTEMS 9 6.06 STRUCTURAL STEEL ROOF FRAMING 10 6.08 STEEL TRUSSES 11  6.08 STEEL TRUSSES En & 12 6.09 SPACE FRAMES 13 6.09 SPACE FRAMES 14 6.09 SPACE FRAMES dif Tere 15 5 THANK YOU Dr. Qahtani. Abdullah Assistant Professor, Dep. of Building Engineering College of Architecture and Planning Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) Tel. +966 13 333 1785 16  College of Architecture and Planning Bachelor of Building Engineering Program Construction Systems 1 (BENG 301) (2023-24) Instructors Dr. Abdullah Qahtani Office: AD-316 Email: [email protected] LECTURE 7 PART 1: Moisture & Thermal Protection 7.01 MOISTURE & THERMAL PROTECTION 2 7.01 MOISTURE & THERMAL PROTECTION 3 7.02 FLAT ROOF ASSEMBLIES 4 7.02 FLAT ROOF ASSEMBLIES 5 7.02 FLAT ROOF ASSEMBLIES 6 7.02 FLAT ROOF ASSEMBLIES 7 7.03 SINGLE-PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS 8 7.03 SINGLE-PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS 9 7.03 SINGLE-PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS 10 7.03 SINGLE-PLY ROOFING SYSTEMS 11 7.04 FLASHING 12 7.04 FLASHING 13 7.05 ROOF FLASHING 14 7.05 ROOF FLASHING 15 7.05 ROOF FLASHING 16 7.06 WALL FLASHING 17 7.06 WALL FLASHING 18 7.07 CURTAIN WALLS 19 7.07 CURTAIN WALLS 20 7.07 CURTAIN WALLS 21 THANK YOU Dr. Qahtani. Abdullah Assistant Professor, Dep. of Building Engineering College of Architecture and Planning Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) Tel. +966 13 333 1785 22 THANK YOU Dr. Qahtani. Abdullah Assistant Professor, Dep. of Building Engineering College of Architecture and Planning Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) Tel. +966 13 333 1785 22