Comp Literacy_Chapter 1 Knowing Computer.pdf

COMPUTER LITERACY (FSPT0012) UTM Foundation CHAPTER 1 Knowing computer  Table of Content: CHAPTER 1 1) What is Computer? 2) Basic Applications of Computer 3) Five parts of Information System 4) Concepts of Hardware 5) Components of Computer Syste...

COMPUTER LITERACY (FSPT0012) UTM Foundation CHAPTER 1 Knowing computer  Table of Content: CHAPTER 1 1) What is Computer? 2) Basic Applications of Computer 3) Five parts of Information System 4) Concepts of Hardware 5) Components of Computer System 6) Concepts of Software 7) Concept of Computing, Data and Information 8) People 9) Procedure 10)The User Interface 2 1) WhatisisComputer 1) What Computer? ? Ermm that’s easy, we are digital millenium students ☺ 3  1) What is Computer? ▪ A computer is a very powerful and fast computing (calculating) machine. a COMPUTER can be defined as “a device that can perform both arithmetic and non-arithmetic operations accurately on any data or information at a very high speed”. ▪ The set of instructions given to the computer is called a program. ▪ A program can be defined as a set of instructions, which directs the computer to produce the desired results. 4  2) Basic Applications of Computer ▪ Schools ▪ Multimedia and hospital administration ▪ Ticketing ▪ Banks and Insurance ▪ Scientific and engineering applications ▪ Business and administrative applications ▪ Avionics and space flights ▪ Humanities ▪ Police Work ▪ Meteorology ▪ Entertainment 5  3) FIVE PARTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS) SOFTWARE HARDWARE PEOPLE DATA PROCEDURE 6  4)Computer Concepts of Hardware components Definition: Physical parts of a computer. Microphone 7  4) Concepts of Hardware Definition: Physical parts of a computer. ROM 8 5) Components of Computer System 9  INPUT DEVICES / OUTPUT DEVICES Definition: Any hardware device Definition: Any hardware device that that send data to the computer. receive data from a computer and translate data into another form. 10  COMBINATION INPUT DEVICES AND OUTPUT DEVICES 1) Headsets: Combine the functionality of microphones and headphones. Microphone Headphones accepts provide audio audible input. output. 11  COMBINATION INPUT DEVICES AND OUTPUT DEVICES 2) Virtual Reality (VR) Head Mounted Displays and Controllers. VR Head-mounted displays: Have earphones for immersive sound, stereoscopic screens to present 3D images, and gyroscopic sensors to interpret head orientation. VR controllers: Have sensors that collect data about your hand movements 12  The Central Processing Unit ▪ The Central Processing Unit (CPU) performs the actual computation inside any computer. ▪ The CPU is a microprocessor made up of millions of microscopic transistors embedded in a circuit on a silicon wafer (or chip). ▪ The CPU and all components of a computer system process and store data using digital technology. ▪ Examples of popular CPUs include Intel Core i7, AMD Ryzen 9, and others, each with a distinctive appearance based on their generation and model. 13  MICROPROCESSORS ▪ Contained on the microprocessor chip. ▪ Brains of the computer. ▪ Basic Components : 1. Control unit : Program instructions Directs flow between memory which temporarily holds processed information and ALU Directs flow between CPU and I/O devices 2. Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) : Arithmetic operation Logical operation 3. Registers: Hold an instruction, a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a bit sequence or memory address characters). 14  MICROPROCESSORS 1. Control Unit (CU): Controls and co-ordinates computer components. Read the code for the next instruction to be executed Takes the instruction and translate into a form that the CU understand. Perform the requested instruction using ALU. 2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) : Executes all arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic calculations like as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operation like compare numbers, letters, or special characters. That is, two pieces of data are compared to see whether one is equal to(=), less than () the other. 15  Digital Technology ▪ Today’s computers are based on integrated circuits (chips), each of which includes millions of subminiature transistors ▪ Each transistor can be in either an “on” or “off” position ▪ The “on-off” states of transistors are described using binary number system where each binary digit, or bit, has a value of either 1 or 0 ▪ This digital concept enables the storage and processing of characters, numbers, and various forms of multimedia 16  Computer Memory Capacity ▪ Kilobyte ▪ Approximately one thousand bytes ▪ A kilobyte is actually 1024 bytes (why?) ▪ Megabyte ▪ One million (106) bytes ▪ Gigabyte ▪ One billion (109) bytes ▪ Terabyte ▪ One trillion (1012) bytes ▪ Petabyte ▪ One quadrillion (1015) bytes ▪ Exabyte ▪ One quintillion (1018) bytes 17  STORAGE DEVICES Definition: a piece of computer equipment on which information can be stored. Primary storage Secondary storage (main) Hard disk Pendrive Random Access Read Only Memory Memory (RAM) (ROM) 18  PRIMARY STORAGE Random Access Memory (RAM): ▪ Hold the program and data that CPU is presently processing. ▪ Volatile or temporary because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the computer is turned off. Read Only Memory (ROM): ▪ Information stored by the manufacturer ▪ Non-volatile and cannot be changed by the user ▪ “Read-only” means that CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM but the computer cannot change ROM ▪ Contain special instructions such as start the computer, access memory, handle keyboard input 19  Where are RAM and ROM located? On the motherboard 20  MOTHERBOARD Motherboard: Controls all communications for the computer system All external and internal devices and components connect to the mother board. Act as data path and traffic monitor, allow to communicate to one another. Components of motherboard: Socket : Used to connect the motherboard to a variety of different types of chips, including microprocessor and memory chips. Slots : Provide a connection point for specialized cards such as graphic card. Bus lines : Provide pathways that support communication among the various electronic components either located on the system board or attached to the motherboard. 21  COMMUNICATION DEVICES A communication device is a hardware device capable of transmitting an analog or digital signal over the telephone, other communication wire, or wirelessly. Communication devices, such as modems, provide microcomputers with the ability to communicate with other computer systems. Ethernet cable Modem 22  6) Concepts of Software Definition: Programs that consists of instructions that tell computer how to carry out a specific task. 23  Application Software ▪ End-user software and is used to accomplish a variety of tasks. ▪ Divided into three categories: a) General purpose applications: Daily use for works and assignment. b) Specialized applications: Program that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. c) Mobile apps: Programs designed for cell phones and tablets. 24  What is an Application Software? ▪ Word processing: Microsoft word, google docs. ▪ Spreadsheet: Microsoft excel, googlesheet. ▪ Presentation graphic: Microsoft powerpoint, Google slides. 25  System Software ▪ A collection of programs that handle technical tasks, including managing computer resources. ▪ Every computer has an OS such as Windows 11 or MacOS 14 Sonoma ▪ The OS provides the interface between the user and computer, and is required to run applications 26  7) Concept of Computing, Data and Information ▪ Computing ▪ The use or operation of computers, may involve computer hardware and/or software. ▪ Data ▪ The quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer, which may be stored and transmitted in the form of electrical signals and recorded on magnetic, optical, or mechanical recording media. ▪ Information ▪ Facts provided or learned about something or someone. 27 Data and Information 28 8) People End user who 01 use computers 02 Contact will be either direct or indirect 29 9) Procedure 01 Refer to the guidelines people follow when using hardware, software, and data Documented in manuals 02 written by computer specialists. 30  10) The User Interface ▪ The user interface (UI) is everything designed into an information device with which a person may interact. ▪ This can include: * display screens * keyboards * a mouse and * the appearance of a desktop. ▪ It is also the way through which a user interacts with an application or a website. 31 10) The User Interface 32 10) The User Interface 33  CLASS ACTIVITY In group ( 4 – 6 people), discuss the following questions: 1. List THREE (3) basic applications of computer and briefly explain each of them. 2. List THREE (3) input devices. 3. List THREE (3) output devices. 4. What is the CPU name that you know? 34  End Chapter 1 Thank You 35