Communication skills_mefmo_2024_final (1).pdf

Communication skills Communication skills Mostar, 30.1.2024. ⚫FORMAL COMMUNICATION ⚫SKILLS FOR PUBLIC EXPOSURE Principles of communication 1.Communication is inevitable! (cannot be communicated) 2. Communication is irreversible! (once sent message cannot be withdrawn) 3. Communication is irreplace...

Communication skills Communication skills Mostar, 30.1.2024. ⚫FORMAL COMMUNICATION ⚫SKILLS FOR PUBLIC EXPOSURE Principles of communication 1.Communication is inevitable! (cannot be communicated) 2. Communication is irreversible! (once sent message cannot be withdrawn) 3. Communication is irreplaceable! (It's impossible to repeat the same thing.) 4. Communication contains verbal and nonverbal components 5. Maintaining communication is based on bidirectionality 6. Every communication has a content related and relation related aspect 6 Verbal communication ⚫The choice of words we use depends on the situation we are in: ⚫Who are we talking to? ⚫What is our role in this situation? ⚫What's the theme? ⚫What is the purpose of the conversation? 7 Successful verbal communication short sentences in official meetings avoid pronouns (they, some, he, she) moderate use of adjectives adapt to the audience Don't talk to yourself 8 Verbal communication - Questions communication tools for gathering information and developing a positive relationship between us and the audience We manage the conversation so that we can: Encourage the others to talk Limit the conversation from going in the direction we want it to go. 9 Open and closed questions ⚫ Open questions begin with: ⚫ How to? When? What? Who? Where? How much? ⚫ stimulating and deepening conversation ⚫ activate others ⚫ Danger: the question "Why" because it acts aggressively and accusatory! Rephrase! ⚫ Closed questions begin with: ⚫ Whether..? Did you...? Do you know...? ⚫ additional fact-checking ⚫ activate the person who asks ⚫ The danger is that the audience becomes bored, do not encourage conversation 10 Questions to avoid ⚫Presumably: ⚫"Do you know how to write a petition?" ⚫Value: ⚫"You've never worked?" ⚫Suggesting: ⚫"No problem at all?" ⚫Multiple: ⚫"Did you write the methodology, and the results?" 11 Successfully ask questions Ask open questions (closed if the interview is structured) give the time to respond Don't stress yourself do not interrupt others do not insult others with an attitude 12 Nonverbal communication ⚫ Everything that serves interpersonal communication, but is not related to the use of words ⚫ body language ⚫ Albert Mehrabian, the relationship of the form of communication in the message: ⚫ 7% of communication verbal communication ⚫ 38% tone, frequency, speed of speech (paraverbal communication) ⚫ 55% nonverbal communication 13 Paraverbal communication ⚫ paraverbal communication implies that something is said: ⚫ Speed, rhythm, strength, voice color ⚫ accent, melody, clarity ⚫ Laughing ⚫ coughing, sighs ⚫ faster speech, higher tone and greater voice intensity = anger, enthusiasm and joy ⚫ slower speech, lower tone and intensity = boredom and depression 14 Function of nonverbal communication replacement of speech (words) complementarity with words – when we say that we are happy to look happy communication control a way of conveying emotions and expressing attitudes 15 Elements of nonverbal communication eye contact facial mimics pose body movements physical distance-proximity touch physiognomy 16 A closed body posture? An open body posture? 18 Authority? 20 Position of the head Neutral Interested Suspicious 21 Hand position Standard attitude Hostile attitude Firm, safe attitude 22 Body movements ⚫ Movements of the head and neck, arms and legs ⚫ Nodding means approval ⚫ Hand movements, gestures, contribute to understanding, attract the attention of the audience and bring speech to life ⚫ Tapping your fingers or rubbing your hands indicate tension ⚫ Leg movements usually indicate discomfort or nervousness 23 Physical distance ⚫ distance between people affects communication ⚫ depends on the degree of closeness, mutual sympathy, physical characteristics of people and social norms ⚫ intimate distance: up to 40cm ⚫ Friendly: 40cm-1m ⚫ Social: 1m-2m ⚫ public: 3m and more 24 ⚫Movie: Bad presentation Formal communication in science Oral presentation ⚫ Without aids ⚫ Looking for the longest preparation ⚫ PowerPoint Presentation ⚫ Poster ⚫ What makes a good poster ⚫ How to present a poster Instructions for preparing a poster The poster should be saved in PDF format The title must be large and clear enough Write abbreviated, in the form of very short sentences/entries The poster usually contains as much information as in a 10-minute presentation Poster ⚫ Can you read the 2-step text from the poster? ⚫ Title – at least 120 – MUST ATTRACT ATTENTION ⚫ The text must not be less than 18, at least 24 ⚫ IT IS NECESSARY THAT THE TEXT IS HIGHLIGHTED ON THE BACKGROUND ⚫ Black on white background ⚫ The contrast between text and background is very important ⚫ Colors - careful 40% of the poster should be empty ⚫How important is what you say to your presentation? PPT ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ Always talk less than planned. If you have 1 hour, talk for 50 minutes Leave the end for questions At the beginning, introduce yourself and announce what you will be talking about ⚫ Finally, thank you – on the slide "Thank you for your attention" ⚫ Expect questions ⚫ Most frequently asked questions are after Thanks for your attention PPT FONT ⚫ Sans-serif font It is desirable to use large fonts (without „serif" on the edge of the letters) Font Calibri Font Arial Font Times New Roman PPT preparation ⚫ 1 slide per minute ⚫ + first and last slides that are always longer ⚫ 6x6 or 7x7 rule ⚫ Maximum of 6 (7) lines, in each no more than 6 (7) words ⚫ Try to adhere to it approximately ⚫ Always check your presentation before you start ⚫ On the computer and on the projector ⚫ Program version issues ⚫ Sometimes it's good to bring your own computer. Presentation ⚫ Watch your posture ⚫ Not too much movement ⚫ Emphasize with your hands ⚫ Smile "presenter" YES ⚫ Contact with the eyes of the audience ⚫ Be careful with humor ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ Hand in pocket – too casual posture You open and close your hands – shows nervousness Arms crossed – gestures in limited and uninteresting Motion – don't stand like a dead man, but don't dance too much either Planting on one leg – shifting weight from foot to foot, entertains the audience Instructions for the final presentation The final presentation will be held on Friday, February 2ND, 2024. Each presentation can last up to 7 minutes maximum 3 minutes will be left for Q&A Each group of students should prepare a Powerpoint presentation In addition, each group of students should present their research through a poster Errors in formal communication 1) Title There is no title at all: you need to write the title of the message so that the person reading it knows what it is about, otherwise your message could be read late, or remain unread the title of the message is your name: e.g. you send a message called 'matthew’ redundant - the message most often shows who sends the message again you did not specify in the title of the message what the subject/purpose of the message is the title of the message is very unspecified, e.g. "Message", or "Information", or "Question„ It is in your interest to write in the title of the message precisely what is in the message For example, if you are sending data, then write "Data, Scientific methodology" Lowercase message title The title of the message should always be capitalized. lowercase letters reflect informal communication, frivolity, insufficient effort invested in the message 2) Greetings - in formal communication - always start with a greeting Greeting depends on relationship - name, or title and surname If it's a person you don't know (if you're not sure what gender they are) - start with ”To whom it may concern,..." - or in English "Dear Professor/Doctor" - you can contact them by full name and surname 3) Signature Name and surname at the bottom of the message! Although often the email address represents the name and surname of the person It is desirable, however