CHN-1 Week 3 & 4 Week 3 & 4 PDF

Distribution of this document without the ownerʼs knowledge would lead to a 5.0 grade in Major Courses. BSN-2 | Transcribed by Van Jacquelyn R. Mabilin CHN-1 TRANSES Prelim Week 3...

Distribution of this document without the ownerʼs knowledge would lead to a 5.0 grade in Major Courses. BSN-2 | Transcribed by Van Jacquelyn R. Mabilin CHN-1 TRANSES Prelim Week 3 & 4 LOCAL HEALTH SYSTEM AND EVOLUTION OF HEALTH SERVICES CLASSIFICATIONS OF HEALTH FACILITIES (DOH AO-0012A) Local Health Systems § 2012-0012 or the “Rules and Regulations Governing the New 1. National Voluntary Blood Services Program Classification of Hospitals and Other Health Facilities in the 2. Health Leadership and Governance Program Philippines” 3. Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA) including o every health facility shall have an adequate number of qualified, Indigenous Population (IP) Health program Cluster/Program trained and competent staff to ensure efficient and effective 4. Barangay Health Worker delivery of quality services. 5. LGU Health Scorecard 6. Health Care Financing I. LEVEL 1 HOSPITAL 7. Local Investment Planning for Health § The most basic 8. Health Facility Enhancement Program § According to Dr. Hartigan-Go, 9. Service Delivery Network o hospitals under this bracket don’t require intensive care units (ICU) and cater to patients who need minor care and supervision EVOLUTION OF HEALTH SERVICES o provides emergency care and primary services § In 1991, the Philippines Government introduced a major devolution of national government services which included the first wave of health § Hospitals must have at the minimum of: sector reform, through the introduction of the Local Government Code 1. Operating room of 1991. 2. Recovery room o devolved basic services for agriculture extension, forest 3. Maternity facilities management, health services, barangay (township) roads and social 4. Isolation facilities welfare to the Local Government Units 5. Clinical laboratory § In 1992, the Philippines Government devolved the management and 6. Imaging facility delivery of health services from the National Department of Health to 7. Pharmacy locally elected provincial city and municipal governments All of which should be licensed by the department of health (DOH)  II. LEVEL 2 HOSPITAL § Adds general medicine/surgery and has a non-departmentalized Brief History structure § In September 1978, § Provides basic health services, alongside ICU facilities for critically ill o The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations patients and specialist doctors for gynecology and pediatric services international Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) held a historical international conference on primary health care in Alma- III. LEVEL 3 HOSPITALS Ata, then the capital of Kazakhstan. § departmentalized hospital that provides specialty services and acts as a o The conference focused on the importance of primary health care teaching hospital in national health services as well as its principles and § Tertiary Level III Hospital refers to a hospital which has been particularly organizational models and prospects of international cooperation in selected to provide tertiary hospital services with teaching, training and this area. research functions. o The conference adopted the Alma-Ata Declaration, which defined primary health care as the key to achieving the goal of “health for PHILIPPINE HEALTH AGENDA all by the year 2000” § The Philippine Health Agenda 2016-2022 aspires to create a society in § The international Conference in primary Health Care (PHC) in Alma-Ata, which Filipinos have the means to lead health and productive lives and Kazakhstan, in September 6-12, 1978 brought together 134 countries have a health system where Filipinos feel respected, valued and and 67 international organizations (China was notably absent) empowered in all their interactions with the system § The conference defined and granted international recognition to the § The PHA aims to: concept of primary health care (PHC) as a strategy to reach the goal of o Ensure the best health outcomes for all without socio-economic, Health for All in 2000 ethnic, gender and geographic disparities § Primary Health care promoted the progressive strengthening of units of o Promote health and deliver healthcare through the means that services and of local capacities (which in many countries would be respect, value and empower clients and patients as they interact called the primary care level) and that subsequently would serve as a with the health system basic for new approaches to social policies o Protect all families especially the poor § It was a new approach to health care that came into existence following this international conference in Alma Ata in 1978 organized by the Primary Health Care (PHC) World Health Organization and the UNICEF Definition § Primary Health care was accepted the member countries of WHO as a § It is an essential health care based on practical scientifically sound key to achieving the goal of Health for All and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their Legal Basis full participation and at a cost that the community and the country § October 19, 1979 can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the o Letter of instructions (LOI) 949, the legal basis of PHC was signed spirit of self-determination. by Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos which adopted PHC as an approach  towards the design development and implement of programs § Healthcare services must be equally shared by all the people of the focused on health development at community level. community irrespective of their race, creed or economic status. o The purpose of Letter of Instructions no. 949 is to prioritize § This concept helps to shift the accessibility of healthcare from the community-level health development and integrate health with the cities to the rural areas where the most needy and vulnerable groups national development program in the Philippines. of the population live. o It recognizes that the attainment of health for all Filipinos is crucial for the overall national development program of the New Society. 2. Community Participation § This includes meaningful involvement of the community in planning, Goals implementing and maintaining their health services. § Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential to a person for leading sound § Through the involvement of the community, maximum utilization of health throughout the life local resources such as manpower, money and materials can be § This includes physical, mental and social well-being of all people always. utilized to fulfill the goals of PHC. It should cover health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care 3. Health Promotion § Primary care practices provide patients with ready access to their own § involves all the important issues of health education, nutrition, personal physician and health care team. It includes care that is: person sanitation, maternal and child health sand prevention and control of and Family oriented, continuous comprehensive and equitable, team endemic diseases. based and collaborative, coordinated and integrated, accessible and § Through health promotion individuals and families build an high value. understanding of the determinants of health and develop skills to improve and maintain their health and well-being. Elements: E – education for health 4. Appropriate technology L – locally endemic disease control § Technology that is scientifically sound, adaptable to local needs and E – expanded program of communication acceptable to those who apply it and for whom it is used. M – maternal and child health E – essential drugs 5. Inter-sectoral collaboration N – nutrition § To be able to improve the health of local people the PHC programme T – treatment of communicable disease needs not only the health sector but also the involvement of other S – safe water and sanitation sectors like agriculture, education and housing. Principles and Strategies 1. Accessibility (equal distribution) § This is the first and most important key to PHC.  LEVEL OF PREVENTION o Daily, low-dose aspirins (drug that is medicated for people who hace 2000 To 2020s cardiovascular issues. It is an anti-coagulant which breaks down § The DOH has worked on several major health initiatives including the thickened blood) and/or diet and exercise programs to prevent Universal Health Care (UHC) which aims to provide comprehensive further heart attacks or strokes. health services to all Filipinos. o Suitably modified work so injured or ill workers can return safety to § The department has also played a critical role in responding to health their jobs. crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. § 3. Tertiary Prevention 1. Primary Prevention Aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has Aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. lasting effects. This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause disease or This is done by helping people manage long-term, often complex injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease or health problems and injuries (e.g. chronic diseases, permanent injury and increasing resistance to disease or injury should exposure impairments) in order to improve as much as possible their ability to occur. function, their quality of life and their life expectancy. Examples include: Examples include: o Legislation and enforcement to ban or control the use of hazardous o Cardia or stroke rehabilitation programs, chronic disease products (e.g. asbestos) or to mandate safe and healthy practices management programs (e.g. for diabetes, arthritis, depression (e.g. use of seatbelts and bike helmets) etc.) o Education about healthy and safe habits (e.g. eating well, exercising o Support groups that allow members to share strategies for living regularly not smoking) well o Immunization against infectious diseases o Vocational rehabilitation programs to retrain workers for new jobs when they have recovered as much as possible. 2. Secondary Prevention Aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already Universal Health Care (UHC) occurred. It means all people have access to the full range of quality health services This is done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as they need, when and where they need them, without financial hardship. possible to halt or slow its progree, encouraging personal strategies to prevent re-injury or recurrence and implementing programs to return Legal Basis people to their original health and function to prevent long-term RA 11223 otherwise known as the “Universal Health Care Act” problems. provides that the corporation shall support the implementation of Examples include: standards for clinical care set forth by the Department of Health (DOH) o Regular exams and screening tests to detect disease in its earliest based on approved clinical practice guidelines. stages (e.g. mammograms to detect breast cancer) Duterte has just signed a Universal Health Care (UHC) Bill into law (RA No. 11223) that automatically enrolls all Filipino Citizens in the National  Health Insurance Program and prescribes complementary reforms in the health system. Background and Rationale The UHC Law addresses health system challenges through: 1. Guaranteeing access to appropriate health services for all Filipinos through functional HCPNs 2. Ensuring strategic and adequate financing and purchasing services 3. Engaging local governments to effectively manage local health systems 4. Building capacity in terms of qualified human resources and seamless information systems. Objectives and Thrust Objectives: It seems to ensure that all Filipino citizens have access to a comprehensive set of health services without financial hardship. To attain UHC, three strategic thrusts are to be pursued: 1. Financial risk protection through expansion in enrollment and benefit delivery of the National Health Insurance program (NHIP) 2. Improved access to quality hospitals and health care facilities 3. attainment of health-related Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) Notes: Points for the Prelim Exam: All that is discussed Mission, Vision & History of the DOH