Chem 1 Lesson 2.1 - Scientific Measurement PDF

CHAPTER 2 SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT Chemistry 1 Kenneth June E. Lebrillo  Lesson 2.1 – System of Measurements Chapter 2 Scientific Lesson 2.2 – Measurement Scientific Notation Lesson 2.3 – Significant Figures  Intended Learnin...

CHAPTER 2 SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT Chemistry 1 Kenneth June E. Lebrillo  Lesson 2.1 – System of Measurements Chapter 2 Scientific Lesson 2.2 – Measurement Scientific Notation Lesson 2.3 – Significant Figures  Intended Learning Outcomes 01 02 03 Discuss the Enumerate the Convert metric seven measurement system; fundamental from one unit quantities with to another; their SI units;  Intended Learning Outcomes 04 05 06 Express Express Differentiate quantities in measurements precision scientific in the correct from notation number of accuracy. significant figures; LESSON 2.1 SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT Chemistry 1 ❑Measurement - Process of comparing a known quantity (e.g., a measuring device) to an unknown quantity or object. - Determines how many times a certain quantity fits into a standard measuring device. Lesson 2.1 Systems of Measurement ❑Metric System (SI Units) - Widely used system of measurement worldwide. - Two subdivisions: mks (meter-kilogram- second) and cgs (centimeter-gram-second). - Based on units of ten. - Consists of base units, derived units, and supplementary units. Lesson 2.1 Systems of Measurement ❑Fundamental Units in SI -Seven basic units considered fundamental. ❑Fundamental Quantities -Quantities directly measurable using devices. Lesson 2.1 Systems of Measurement Table 2.1 Seven Fundamental Quantities Quantity Definition Unit Symbol Mass The measure of the amount of Kilogram kg matter it contains. Length The distance between two Meter m distinct points. Time The regular interval between Second s two successive points. Temperature The measure of the hotness or Kelvin K coldness of an object. Table 2.1 Seven Fundamental Quantities Quantity Definition Unit Symbol Electric The measure of the flow of Ampere A Current electrons or charges. Luminous The amount of illumination Candela cd Intensity received by an object. Amount of The number of moles. Mole Mol Substance ❑The different units of measurements are used in our day-to-day activities. When you go the gas station to fill up your gas tank, the unit of measurement used is liter. Lesson 2.1 Systems of Measurement ❑In the sari-sari store or supermarket, the units used for mass are grams and kilograms. For volume, milliliters or liters are used. On road markers, the distances are measured in kilometers. Lesson 2.1 Systems of Measurement ❑Length -1 meter, m = 100 centimeters, cm -1 meter, m = 1,000 millimeters, mm -1 meter, m = 1,000,000 micrometers, µm -1,000 meters, m = 1 kilometer, km Common Metric Units ❑Mass -1 kilogram, kg = 1,000 grams, g -1 gram, g = 1,000 milligrams, mg -1,000 kilograms, kg = 1 metric ton Common Metric Units ❑Volume -1 Liter, L = 1,000 milliliters, mL -1 Liter, L = 1,000 cubic centimeter, cc Common Metric Units ❑Temperature -°C = 5/9(°F - 32) or -°C = (°F - 32)/ 1.8 -°F = 9/5(°C) +32 or -°F = 1.8(°C) +32 -Kelvin, K = °C + 273 Common Metric Units Table 2.2 The Table of Prefixes Prefix Symbol Powers of Ten Example Deci d 0.1 = 10-1 decimeter, dm Centi c 0.01 = 10-2 centimeter, cm Milli m 0.001 = 10-3 milligram, mg Micro µ 0.000001 = 10-6 microgram, µg Nano n 0.000000001 = 10-9 nanometer, nm Deka da 101 = 10 dekagram, dag Hecto h 102 = 100 hectometer, hm Kilo k 103 = 1,000 kilogram, kg Mega M 106 = 1,000,000 Megagram, Mg Giga G 109 = 1,000,000,000 Gigameter, Gm Table 2.3 Common English to Metric Conversion of Units Metric English 1 Liter, L 1.06 quartz, qt. 250 milliliter, mL 1 cup, c 1 kilogram, kg 2.2 pounds, lb. 28.3 grams, g 1 ounce, oz. 3.79 Liters, L 1 gallon, gal. -Mass refers to the quantity of matter and should be differentiated from weight which is based on mass and gravitational force. -The mass of any object is constant, but the weight is not. Mass vs Weight -Volume is a derived unit that refers to the amount of space that matter occupies. -The SI unit for volume is cubic meter (m3) and for the Metric System, liter (L). Volume 1. Convert 75 millimeters (mm) to its corresponding length in a. meters b. centimeters c. kilometers Examples Examples 1. Solution: 1𝑚 75 𝑚 a. 75 mm x = = 0.075 m 1,000 𝑚𝑚 1,000 100 𝑐𝑚 b. 0.075 m x = 0.075 x 100 cm = 7.5 cm 1𝑚 1𝑚 1 𝑘𝑚 7.5 𝑘𝑚 c. 7.5 cm x x = = 0.000075 m 100 𝑐𝑚 1,000 𝑚 100,000 2. 5 gallons of mineral is equivalent to how many liters? Solution: 3.79 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 5 gallons x = 18.95 Liters 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛 Examples