Chapter 4 Water Resources Bank of Questions PDF

Chapter 4 Water Resources Bank of Questions I- Mark with True or False 1) Major hydrological processes are evaporation, precipitation, transpiration, surface runoff, and groundwater flow 2) Water’s vertical movement through upflow (Evaporation, transpiration) and downflow (Precipitation and...

Chapter 4 Water Resources Bank of Questions I- Mark with True or False 1) Major hydrological processes are evaporation, precipitation, transpiration, surface runoff, and groundwater flow 2) Water’s vertical movement through upflow (Evaporation, transpiration) and downflow (Precipitation and infiltration) 3) Geologic factors affecting runoff and sediment yield include type and structure of soils and local rocks, and drainage density. 4) Topographic factors affecting runoff and sediment yield include relief and slope gradient 5) Climatic factors affecting runoff and sediment yield include type, intensity, duration, and distribution of precipitation 6) Vegetation factors affecting runoff and sediment yield include type, size, and distribution 7) In the vadose zone (unsaturated zone or zone of aeration), pores are mostly filled with air 8) In the saturation zone, pores are mostly filled with water. 9) Water table defines the boundary between the zone of saturation and zone of aeration 10) Perched water table is a local water table above a regional water table 11) Aquifer is a unit capable of supplying water at an economically useful rate 12) Aquitard or aquiclude is a confining layer or unit restricting and retarding GW flow 13) Unconfined aquifer occurs when there is no overlying confining layer 14) Confined aquifer has an overlying aquitard layer 15) Perched aquifer is local zone of saturation above a regional water table 16) Groundwater (GW) recharge zone is the area where water infiltrates downward 17) Groundwater (GW) discharge zone is the area where abstracted from aquifer (spring, well, river) 18) Influent stream is found above the water table, recharges water to GW, and may be intermittent 19) Effluent stream is perennial stream with the addition of groundwater when precipitation is low 20) Groundwater pressure surface is generally declining from source along the flow from recharge area to discharge area 21) Artesian well is formed when water self-rising above the land surface in a confined aquifer 22) Hydraulic gradient is the gradient of water table, generally follows the topographic gradient 23) Hydraulic conductivity is the ability of rock or materials to transmit water (m3/day/m2) 24) Porosity is the percentage of void (empty) space in sediment or rock to store water 25) Permeability measures the interconnected-ness of pores in a rock material or sediment 26) Darcy’s Law defines the rate of flow of groundwater 27) Groundwater overdraft problems result from extraction rate exceeding recharging rate 28) Effluent stream tends to be perennial 29) Influent stream is often intermittent 30) Karsts result from cavern systems prone to collapse which is common in areas underlain by limestone. Chapter 4 Water Resources MCQ II- Choose the Correct Answer(s) 1) Water’s horizontal movement is through a) Surface runoff b) Shallow subsurface through flow c) Groundwater flow d) All the above 2) Factors affecting runoff and sediment yield include a) Geologic & Topographic b) Climatic c) Vegetation & Land-use factors d) All the above 3) Factors influencing rate of water infiltration are: a) Topography & soil/rock type b) Precipitation amount/intensity c) Vegetation & land use d) All the above Professor Dr Alaa A. Masoud WARMEST REGARDS WITH ALL THE SUCCESS