Chapter 3-The Cell structure (130 MCQs) with answers PDF

Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Introduction Cell Theory 1. What is the main purpose of a cell? 5. The smallest fundamental unit of structure and a. No real purpose function...

Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Introduction Cell Theory 1. What is the main purpose of a cell? 5. The smallest fundamental unit of structure and a. No real purpose function in living things b. To house little tiny elves a. Atom c. Keep organisms structured b. Molecule d. To maintain homeostasis c. Cell d. Macromolecule 2. A primary responsibility of each cell is to contribute to: 6. Theodor Schwann proposed the unified cell a. Enzymatic action theory, which states that: b. Energy storage a. All living things are composed of one or more c. Homeostasis cells d. Adaptation b. The cell is the basic unit of life c. All new cells arise from preexisting cells. 3. What is one of the most important ways cells d. All of the above maintain homeostasis? a. Keeping the amount of cytoplasm at a certain 7. Which of the following statements is true about level cell theory? b. Keeping all the organelles of the cell healthy a. The Cell theory does not apply to fungi c. Controlling what the organelles in the cell do b. The Cell theory does not apply to virus d. Controlling what moves across the cell c. The Cell theory does not apply to algae membrane d. The Cell theory does not apply to microbes 4. Maintenance of internal favorable conditions despite changes in external environment is: a. Enthalpy Cell Category b. Homeostasis  Prokaryotic c. Entropy d. Steady state  Eukaryotic cells 8. Scientists now recognize the cells to main categories: a. Plant and animal cells b. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells a. Monera and Archaea cells c. Single cell and multi-cells 1 Prokaryotic Cells 14. Where in the cell are proteins synthesized? a. Mitochondria  Archaea b. Vacuole  Bacteria c. Ribosomes d. Nucleus 9. Which cell group does not possess a true 15. Glycocalyx or capsule protect the bacteria nucleus: are made up of? a. Prokaryotes a. Polysaccharide b. Eukaryotes b. Cellulose c. Plants c. Peptidoglycan d. Animals d. Pectin 10. Single-celled prokaryotes are included in: 16. Which cell part is made by the addition of a. Monera proteins (basal body) in a linear formation b. Archaea for movement? c. Bacteria a. Cell membrane d. All of the above b. Cilia c. Flagella 11. The two domains to which prokaryotes are d. Pilli classified into are: a. Bacteria and Protista 17. What is the main function of the flagella? b. Bacteria and Archaea a. Protection c. Archaea and Eukarya b. Aesthetics d. Eukarya and Monera c. Exchange genetic materials d. Locomotion 12. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have: a. Plasma membrane 18. What is the main function of the Pilli? b. DNA and ribosome a. Protection c. Cytoplasm b. Aesthetics d. All of these c. Exchange genetic materials d. Locomotion 13. What is the name of the dark region where double-stranded single circular DNA is found in the prokaryotic cell? a. Protonucleus b. Nucleus c. Nucleoid d. Nucleoplasm 2 Eukaryotic Cells Structure and Composition of the  Animals Cell Membrane  Plants 23. The cell membrane of cells is also known  Fungi as:  Protists a. Carbon membrane b. Endoplasmic membrane 19. The domain Eukarya contains organisms c. Plasma membrane that have cells with nuclei such as: d. Lipid membrane  Kingdoms of animals and plants  Kingdoms of fungi 24. What is the cell membrane composed of?  Several kingdoms of protists a. Phospholipid bilayer with many other  All of the above organic compounds b. Long amino acid chains 20. Which of the following is Eukaryote? c. Just a phospholipid bilayer a. Bacteria d. Cytosol and eukaryotes b. Virus c. Archaea 25. Most of the cell membrane is composed of: d. Fungi a. Lipids b. proteins 21. Single-celled eukaryotes are included in: c. Carbohydrates a. Fungi d. Nucleotide b. Protista c. Monera 26. The cell membrane is structure composed d. Archaea of: a. Bilayer Phospholipid and cholesterol 22. Bacteria is prokaryotic single-celled and b. proteins Protista is eukaryotes single- celled, they c. Carbohydrates are not same because: d. All of the above a. Bacteria decompose Protista b. Protista eat bacteria 27. Which of the following is not found in the c. Protista has a membrane-bonded nucleus cell membrane? d. Protista has DNA a. Cholesterol b. Phospholipids c. Proteins d. Nucleic acids 28. Which of the following cell organelles regulates the entry and exit of molecules to and from the cell? a. Lysosomes b. Golgi bodies c. Cell membrane d. Mitochondria 3 29. "That only certain things may enter or exit 35. What is the name for a molecule that has a the cell, whereas others are not permitted polar head region and a hydrophobic tail to cross the cell membrane" is the best region? definition for what word? a. Bihydrophicity a. Selective transport b. Amphipathic b. Cell Membrane c. Hydrophilic c. Selectively permeable d. Dipolarity d. Active Transport 36. Bilayer lipid (Phospholipid molecule) is: 30. Plasma membrane is: a. Hydrophobic a. Permeable b. Hydrophilic b. Selectively permeable c. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic c. Impermeable d. None of the above d. Semi-permeable 37. What is a phospholipid made out of? 31. Cytosol is considered as a part: a. Plasma, Membrane fluid, and Glucose a. Acidic fluid b. Carbohydrates, Proteins, and cholesterol b. Extracellular fluid c. Ribosomes, Glycerol, and Plasma c. Alkaline fluid d. Glycerol with a phosphate group and two d. Intracellular fluid fatty acids 32. Interstitial fluid, plasma, and cerebrospinal 38. The head of a phospholipid is: fluid are all considered: a. Glycerol with Phosphate group head a. Acidic fluid b. Polar and Hydrophilic b. Extracellular fluid c. Negative charge c. Alkaline fluid d. All of the above d. Intracellular fluid 39. What is the polar head of a phospholipid 33. In the plasma membrane, lipid molecules made of? are arranged in: a. Fatty Acids a. Head parallel b. Phosphate group with glycerol b. Alternate c. Vesicles c. Scattered d. Proteins d. Series 40. What is the non-polar tail of a 34. In the phospholipid bilayer which ways do phospholipid made of? the nonpolar tails face? a. Unsaturated Fatty Acids a. Towards the interior b. Phosphate group with glycerol b. Towards the exterior c. Vesicles c. The directions are scattered d. Proteins d. No tails exist in the phospholipid bilayer 4 41. Which the following contributes to the 46. The Fluid Mosaic Model describes parts of fluidity of the membrane: the cell membrane such as proteins and a. Carbohydrate phospholipids as: b. Protein a. Bound to carbohydrates c. Glycerol b. Floating laterally throughout the space d. Cholesterol c. As hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules d. As existing only on the cytoplasmic side of 42. Cholesterol lends: the cell a. Supports to the membrane b. Anchors the proteins within it 47. The proteins that are dispersed among c. Contributes to the fluidity of the membrane phospholipids in membrane is known as: d. All of the above a. Fluid b. Mosaic 43. Which of the following characteristics of a c. Model cell membrane is most affected by its d. Membrane cholesterol content? a. Thickness b. Ion permeability c. Fluidity d. Hydrophobicity Fluid Mosaic Model 44. Most accepted structural model of plasma membrane is: a. Sandwich model b. Unit membrane model c. Lamellar model d. Fluid-mosaic model 45. What is meant by the term “fluid mosaic model”? a. It is the diffusion of lipid-soluble substances through the lipid bilayer. b. It is the solubility of water in the membrane. c. It is the movement of lipids and integral proteins within the lipid bilayer. d. It is the method of substance transport across the membrane. 5 Membrane Proteins 52. Which of the following is the term describing an integral protein:  Integral proteins a. A protein attached to the surface of the 1. Channel proteins membrane 2. Carrier proteins b. A protein embedded in the membrane 3. Cell recognition proteins c. A protein within the cytoplasm 4. Glycoproteins d. A protein enclosed in a vesicle  Peripheral proteins 53. Which of the following is the term describing a protein embedded in the cell membrane: 48. Most of the protein molecules are floating a. Channel proteins and carrier proteins on: b. Cell recognition proteins a. Ribosome c. Glycoproteins b. DNA d. All of the above c. Phospholipids of cell membrane d. Nucleus 54. Which of these proteins serve as selectively allows particular materials, such 49. Which of these are not embedded in the as certain ions, to pass into or out of the lipid bilayer at all? cell a. Transmembrane proteins a. Transmembrane proteins b. Integral proteins b. Channel proteins or carrier proteins c. Peripheral proteins c. Peripheral proteins d. Glycoproteins d. Glycoproteins 50. Which of the following is the term 55. Neurotransmitter bind with receptors that describing a protein attached to the are: surface of the membrane: a. Channel proteins a. Transmembrane proteins b. Carrier proteins b. The golgi apparatus c. Cell recognition proteins c. Peripheral proteins d. Glycoproteins d. Glycoproteins 56. In the plasma membrane, glycoprotein: 51. Where are peripheral proteins attached? a. Always faces outwards, towards a. The surface of the cell membrane extracellular space b. The rough endoplasmic reticulum b. Directed to all sides in the membrane c. The golgi apparatus randomly d. The interior of the cell membrane c. Always faces to the lumen of cells d. Always faces inward to the nonpolar portion of the membrane 6 57. Which of these often serve as receptors or 63. A membrane protein could have which of cell recognition molecules on cell surfaces? the following function: a. Transmembrane proteins a. Energy storage b. Integral proteins b. Oxygen uptake c. Peripheral proteins c. Enzymatic action d. Glycoproteins d. Thermal insulation 58. Glycocalyx is made up of? a. Polysaccharide Transport across the Cell b. Cellulose Membrane c. Peptidoglycan d. Pectin  Passive Transport  Active Transport 59. The Glycocalyx can be: a. A glycoprotein 64. Why is transport across the plasma b. A glycolipid membrane necessary? c. A glycoprotein or a glycolipid a. Transport of substances for metabolic d. Cellulose activities b. Movement of waste product out of cell 60. In the plasma membrane, Glycolipids are c. Movement of substances produced by cells usually situated in d. All of the above a. Inner leaflet of the plasma membrane b. Outer leaflet of the plasma membrane 65. Which of the following cell organelles c. Evenly distributed in both outer and inner regulates the entry and exit of molecules leaves of plasma membrane to and from the cell? d. Cannot be predicted, it varies according to a. Lysosomes the cell types b. Golgi bodies c. Cell membrane 61. Glycocalyx contribute to: d. Mitochondria a. Cell–cell recognition b. Cell Communication 66. "That only certain things may enter or exit c. Intercellular adhesion the cell, whereas others are not permitted d. All of the above to cross the cell membrane" is the best definition for what word? 62. Where are peripheral proteins attached? a. Selective transport a. The inner surface of the cell membrane b. Semipermeable b. The outer surface of the cell membrane c. Selectively permeable c. The integral protein d. Active Transport d. All of the above 7 67. When does passive transport occur? Passive Transport a. When energy is needed to feed the cell b. When no energy is needed to help 1. Simple diffusion through the lipid layer substances move 2. Osmosis through channel proteins c. When energy is needed to move a 3. Facilitated diffusion through carrier proteins substance across the cell membrane 4. Filtration d. When small bits of energy are needed to make the cell move more quickly 70. The direction that glucose is transported across the membrane is determined by: 68. When does active transport occur? a. The electrochemical gradient a. When energy is needed to feed the cell b. The membrane potential b. When no energy is needed to help c. The concentration gradient substances move d. The molecule’s charge c. When energy is needed to move a substance across the cell membrane 71. A concentration gradient is: d. When small bits of energy are needed to a. Movement of a substance from an area of make the cell move more quickly high concentration to an area of low concentration 69. Active transport requires: b. A relationship between two areas with a. A concentration gradient differing concentrations of a particular b. Osmosis substance c. Energy c. The movement of a substance from an area d. A hypertonic solution of low to an area of high concentration d. A movement between two substances 72. Which of the following conditions is required for diffusion to occur? a. ATP energy. b. A living cell. c. A concentration difference. d. A selectively-permeable membrane. 73. Diffusion is: a. The movement of a substance from an area of low to an area of high concentration b. The movement of a substance from an area of high, to an area of low concentration c. The movement of a substance in any direction d. A relationship between two areas with differing concentrations of a particular substance 8 74. Simple diffusion occurs when? Diffusion through the lipid bilayer a. When something moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration (simple diffusion): randomly 77. The movement of molecules from the area b. When something moves from a lower concentration to a higher concentration of higher concentration to the area of c. When something stays the same lower concentration is: concentration a. Facilitated diffusion d. When something starts to eat away at the b. Simple diffusion cell membrane c. Osmosis d. Active transport 75. What are the three types of passive transport? 78. Which of the following methods does not a. Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and require any carrier or channel proteins for pumps transport of substances? b. Exocytosis, endocytosis, pumps a. Secondary active transport c. Exocytosis, endocytosis, osmosis b. Facilitated diffusion d. Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and c. Simple diffusion osmosis d. Primary active transport 76. Which of the following is NOT a type of 79. In which type of movement the molecules passive transport? move randomly to come in a state of a. Diffusion dynamic equilibrium? b. Osmosis a. Osmosis c. Endocytosis b. Active Transport d. Facilitated diffusion c. Filtration d. Simple diffusion 80. In general, which of the following will diffuse across a lipid bilayer most rapidly? a. A small hydrophilic molecule b. A small hydrophobic molecule c. A large hydrophilic molecule d. A large hydrophobic molecule 81. Which molecules use simple diffusion? a. Large molecules b. Lipid insoluble molecules c. Lipid soluble molecules d. Both a and b 9 82. Example of substance transported by 87. What is the major difference between simple diffusion: diffusion and osmosis? a. Oxygen (O2) a. Osmosis does not require energy b. Carbon dioxide (CO2) b. Diffusion does not require energy c. Urine c. Osmosis transports water while diffusion d. All of the above transports solute d. Osmosis transports solute while diffusion 83. Oxygen enters a cell via? transports water a. Diffusion b. Osmosis 88. The process by which water traverse the c. Filtration selectively permeable plasma membrane is d. Active transport known as: a. Osmosis b. Imbibition Diffusion through channel proteins c. Translocation d. Diffusion 84. The movement of molecules through the protein molecules from higher to lower 89. Diffusion of water through selectively concentration is: permeable membrane is a. Facilitated diffusion a. Osmosis b. Simple diffusion b. Imbibition c. Filtration c. Translocation d. Osmosis d. Diffusion 85. Example of substance transported through 90. Osmosis can be described as: channel proteins: a. The movement of a solution through a a. Water semi-permeable membrane into an area of b. Large polar molecules lower concentration c. Ions b. The movement of liquid from an area of d. All of the above high concentration to an area of low concentration c. The movement of water through a semi- Osmosis permeable membrane from an area of more, to an area of less water 86. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of 91. The relative concentration of solutes in the higher concentration to an area of lower water inside and outside the cell is: concentration is: a. Osmosis a. Active transport b. Hydrostatic pressure b. Osmosis c. Turgor c. Filtration d. Tonicity d. Exocytosis 11 92. In which solution, the solutes 98. What will happen to an animal cell placed concentration is the same inside and in a salt water solution? outside the cell?: a. The cell will shrink a. Isotonic solution b. The cell will expand b. Hypertonic solution c. the cell will burst c. Hypotonic solution d. the cell will shrink and then expand and d. None then shrink again 93. Solutions that are isotonic: 99. When the cell gets shrink, the condition is a. Are not in dynamic equilibrium called: b. Have equal concentrations of solute and a. Hydrostatic pressure outside water. b. Turgor c. Have equal concentrations of solute but not c. Crenation water. d. Bursting of cell d. Have equal concentrations of water but not solute. 94. A hypotonic solution is one that: Facilitated transport ( Facilitated a. Contains only fluids b. Contains less water than anything else diffusion) Carrier proteins c. Contains more water than anything else 100. What is the major difference between d. Equal concentration of water and solutes on both sides of the plasma membrane diffusion and facilitated diffusion? a. Requires energy b. Does not require energy 95. In which solution, the solutes c. Operates across a cell membrane concentration is higher outside the cell d. Requires a specific carrier than inside? a. Isotonic solution 101. Example of substance transported b. Hypertonic solution through carrier proteins: c. Hypotonic solution a. Water d. None b. Large polar molecules c. Ions 96. An animal cell placed in a hypotonic d. Glucose solution will: a. Die 102. Which substances are transported b. Take on water through facilitated diffusion? c. Lose water a. Galactose d. Divide b. Oxygen and carbon dioxide 97. An animal cell placed in a hypotonic c. Urea and alcohol solution will: d. Water a. Swell. b. Shrink. c. Secrete enzymes. d. Remain unchanged. 11 Filtration Active Transport (Protein channel) 103. What is the major difference between A. Pump filtration and osmosis? 1. Sodium potassium pump a. Filtration requires energy 2. Calcium (Ca2+) pump b. Osmosis requires energy 3. Hydrogen (H+) pump c. Filtration transports water due to a pressure difference B. Symport d. Osmosis transports water due to a pressure C. Antiport difference 104. Hydrostatic pressure means: 106. The movement of molecules from the a. Pressure due to air area of lower concentration to the area of b. Pressure due to water higher concentration by the expenditure of c. Pressure due to lipid molecules energy is: d. All of the above a. Exocytosis b. Endocytosis 105. Filtration also takes place in the: c. Active transport a. Stomach d. Filtration b. Liver c. Kidneys 107. When does active transport occur? d. Bones a. When energy is needed to feed the cell b. When no energy is needed to help substances move c. When energy is needed to move a substance across the cell membrane d. When small bits of energy are needed to make the cell move more quickly 108. Active transport requires: a. A concentration gradient b. Osmosis c. Energy d. A hypertonic solution 109. A sodium-potassium pump is an example of what type of pump? a. A primary active transport system b. A secondary active transport system c. A primary passive transport system d. A secondary passive transport system 12 110. The sodium-potassium pump helps to 115. The Na+-K+ pump in the plasma maintain electrolyte gradients through use membrane of animal cells uses the energy of ATP. Which of the following best from ATP hydrolysis to pump sodium and describes this type of transport? potassium ions against their a. Facilitated diffusion electrochemical gradients. In which b. Active transport direction are the ions pumped across the c. Osmosis membrane? d. Filtration a. Na+ out and K+ in b. K+ in and Na+ out 111. Examples of active transport includes: c. Na+ and K+ both out D. Sodium potassium pump d. Na+ and K+ both in E. Calcium (Ca2+) pump F. Hydrogen (H+) pump 116. Which of the following accurately G. All of the above describes the role of the Na+ pump? a. It maintains a high Na+ concentration 112. In the case of nerve cells, maintain an outside the cell. electrical gradient across their cell b. It maintains a high K+ concentration outside membranes is done through: the cell. a. Sodium potassium pump c. It maintains a low Na+ concentration b. Calcium (Ca2+) pump outside the cell. c. Hydrogen (H+) pump d. It equilibrates the concentrations of Na+ d. Passive transport and K+ across the plasma membrane. 113. Which membrane pump is responsible 117. Glucose is co-transported with Na+ for keeping the potassium ion ions. this is a type of: concentration higher inside than outside a a. Secondary active transport cell? b. Primary active transport a. The sodium-potassium pump c. Facilitated diffusion b. The hydrogen-potassium pump d. Simple diffusion c. The calcium-hydrogen pump d. The ATP-ADP pump 114. A membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between: a. Potassium and sodium ions b. The inside and outside of the cell c. Phosphoric acid and glycolipid layers d. Resting and action potentials 13 Other forms of active transport do 122. Which of the following cell organelles helps to transport large extracellular not involve membrane carriers molecules into the cell?  Endocytosis a. Vacuole 1. Phagocytosis b. Nucleus 2. Pinocytosis c. Ribosome 3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis d. Mitochondria  Exocytosis 123. The uptake of solid particles by invagination is: a. Phagocytosis 118. Which of the following is NOT a type of b. Pinocytosis c. Exocytosis passive transport? d. Endocytosis a. Diffusion b. Osmosis c. Endocytosis 124. Engulfing of bacteria by white blood d. Facilitated diffusion cells is called as a. Phagocytosis 119. Endocytosis is a form of active b. Pinocytosis transport in which a cell envelopes c. Exocytosis d. Endocytosis extracellular materials, include: a. Phagocytosis b. Pinocytosis 125. The nonspecific uptake of all droplets c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of extracellular fluid is: d. All of the above a. Phagocytosis b. Pinocytosis c. Osmosis 120. Which of the following statements is d. Exocytosis true for endocytosis? a. It does not require energy. b. It helps in the intake of large materials by 126. Cell drinking is referred to as a. Phagocytosis the cell. c. It occurs without the help of any cell b. Pinocytosis organelle. c. Exocytosis d. Endocytosis d. It is a form of passive transport. 121. The bulk movement of material into 127. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is the cell by formation of vesicle is called: different from phagocytosis and a. Exocytosis pinocytosis in that the cell takes in: b. Endocytosis a. Very specific materials c. Active transport b. Anything and everything d. Osmosis c. Water d. Oxygen 14 128. Iron, a required component of hemoglobin, is endocytosis by red blood cells via: a. Exocytosis b. Pinocytosis c. Receptor-mediate endocytosis d. Phagocytosis 129. Which of the following transport systems require energy? a. Diffusion b. Facilitated diffusion c. Exocytosis d. Filtration 130. Which of the following statements is true for exocytosis? a. It does not require energy b. It is a form of passive transport. c. It helps in the intake of large materials by the cell. d. It is a vesicular transport system 131. Cells of the stomach and pancreas produce and secrete digestive enzymes through: a. Phagocytosis b. Pinocytosis c. Exocytosis d. Endocytosis 15