Chapter 1(part 2).pdf

Globalization and Religion Chapter 1-Part 2 prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,, PhD 1 ⚫Provided fertile soil for religions to thrive and spread. ❖Information technology ❖Transportation ❖Media o Allowed religion to gain significance and importance as non-t...

Globalization and Religion Chapter 1-Part 2 prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,, PhD 1 ⚫Provided fertile soil for religions to thrive and spread. ❖Information technology ❖Transportation ❖Media o Allowed religion to gain significance and importance as non-territorial touchstone of identity. prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 2 Secularization theory ⚫Thesis believing that modernization will erode religious practices. prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 3 On the contrary.. ⚫Globalization made religions more conscious of themselves moving them to re-enforce themselves. ⚫Identities are strengthened by globalization and cannot mingle or hybridize. prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 4 However.. ⚫G poses a challenge to religion’s hybridization. ⚫Hard to cope with the values that accompany G such as liberalism, consumerism, rationalism. ⚫Religion is sometimes viewed as anti- globalization. prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 5  Globalization and Regionalization ⚫Re-emerged during the 1980s and heightened after the end of the Cold War in the 1990s. ⚫Sort of counter-globalization ⚫Majority of Europeans consider that globalization brings negative effects to their societies.(2007) ⚫G must be regulated and managed. ⚫“managed globalization”-attempts that make G more palatable to citizens. prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 6 Regional Organizations ◦ ASEAN ◦ EU ◦ Mercosur (South America) ◦ NAFTA ❖Regionalization is intimately linked to globalization since it is a part of it and builds on it. prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 7 Region and Regionalization defined ⚫Region- a group of countries in the same geographically specified area.(Mansfield and Milner) ⚫Regionalization-”societal integration and often undirected process of social and economic interaction.”(Hurell) prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 8 Culture and identity guide regionalization(Huntington) 9 major civilizations 1. Western 2. Latin American 3. African 4. Sinic 5. Islamic 6. Hindu 7. Orthodox 8. Buddhist 9. Japanese prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 9 ⚫Economic motivations are the main motivations behind regionalization. ⚫Regional organizations allow national companies the opportunity to succeed in a protected but big enough market than exposed to global competition. prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 10 Origins and History of Globalization HARDWIRED (Chanda) ◦ G is possible due to our basic human need to make our lives better. Africans in the late Ice Age. Urges of people for better life: Aspects of Globalization: 1. Commerce 1. Trade 2. Religion 2. Missionary work 3. Politics 3. Adventures 4. Warfare 4. Conquest prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 11 CYCLES ⚫Long cyclical process. ⚫Finding its origin will be a hard task. prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 12 EPOCH Epochs(waves) of Globalization ⚫Globalization of Religion (4-7th century) ⚫European Colonial conquest ⚫Intra-European wars ⚫Heyday of European Imperialsim ⚫Post-World War ⚫Post-Cold War prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 13 EVENTS ⚫Roman conquest ⚫Genghis Khan in Eastern Europe (13th cent) ⚫Christopher Columbus ⚫Vasco da Gama ⚫Ferdinand Magellan prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 14 Technological advances ⚫1st trans-atlantic telephone cable(1956) ⚫1st trans-atlantic television broadcast(1962) ⚫Founding of the modern internet(1988) ⚫ 9/11 (2001) prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 15 Recent Events 1. Emergence of US as a global power 2. Emergence of MNCs Multinational corporations - large companies with operations in several countries across the world. For example, Apple, Ford, Coca- Cola, Alphabet (Google) and Microsoft. Jollibee, San Miguel Transnational corporations -Offices and headquarters tend to be located in the more developed world. Ex. Unilever, McDonalds and Nike, Nestle, Unilever 3. Demise of the Soviet Union & End of Cold War(1991) prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 16 Global Demography ◦ Demography -the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. ◦ Demographic transition - model that describes population change over time. Global Migration Categories of migrants: Vagabonds -refugees -labor migration -asylum seekers Tourists ❑Diaspora-migrant communities prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 17 Push and Pull Factors in Migration Push ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ Pull ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 18 prepared by: JOHN C. MIRASOL,MMEM 19