Chapter 11 - Quiz 1 PDF

 What does the evolutionary theory of aging propose?\ A. Aging occurs due to cell mutations.\ B. Aging persists because declines have minimal impact on reproductive fitness.\ C. Aging is influenced by socioeconomic factors.\ D. Aging stems from genetic degradation.\ **Correct Answer**: B  How doe...

 What does the evolutionary theory of aging propose?\ A. Aging occurs due to cell mutations.\ B. Aging persists because declines have minimal impact on reproductive fitness.\ C. Aging is influenced by socioeconomic factors.\ D. Aging stems from genetic degradation.\ **Correct Answer**: B  How does cellular clock theory explain aging?\ A. Through random cellular damage.\ B. By setting a maximum number of cell divisions.\ C. Through free radical accumulation.\ D. By the body\'s inability to process glucose efficiently.\ **Correct Answer**: B  According to free-radical theory, what leads to aging?\ A. Increased calorie intake\ B. Metabolism producing unstable oxygen molecules\ C. Genetic programming of cells\ D. Reduced telomerase activity\ **Correct Answer**: B  What is the role of telomerase in aging?\ A. Prevents oxidative damage\ B. Extends cell lifespan by maintaining telomeres\ C. Reduces muscle degeneration\ D. Inhibits free radical formation\ **Correct Answer**: B  What does \"healthy life expectancy\" measure?\ A. Total years lived\ B. Years spent without chronic illnesses\ C. Maximum potential lifespan\ D. Life expectancy in the absence of disease\ **Correct Answer**: B  What pattern is typical for fluid intelligence during aging?\ A. Increases through late adulthood\ B. Declines in middle adulthood\ C. Peaks in early adulthood and declines after\ D. Remains constant throughout life\ **Correct Answer**: C  Which sensory function typically shows the earliest decline?\ A. Vision\ B. Hearing\ C. Touch\ D. Smell\ **Correct Answer**: B  How does osteoporosis differ from arthritis?\ A. Osteoporosis affects muscles, arthritis affects joints.\ B. Osteoporosis results in bone fragility, arthritis causes joint pain.\ C. Osteoporosis occurs in men, arthritis in women.\ D. Osteoporosis is caused by inflammation, arthritis by genetics.\ **Correct Answer**: B  What is sarcopenia?\ A. Bone thinning in older adults\ B. Age-related loss of muscle mass\ C. Memory loss in late adulthood\ D. Decreased immune function\ **Correct Answer**: B  How is crystallized intelligence defined?\ A. Ability to reason abstractly\ B. Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills\ C. Speed of information processing\ D. Capacity to solve novel problems\ **Correct Answer**: B  What is the main characteristic of dementia?\ A. Only memory loss\ B. Cognitive decline interfering with daily activities\ C. Muscle tremors\ D. Sudden onset of symptoms\ **Correct Answer**: B  What increases the likelihood of developing Alzheimer\'s?\ A. APOE4 gene variant\ B. High protein diets\ C. Increased telomerase\ D. Physical exercise\ **Correct Answer**: A  Which lifestyle factor is linked to longer telomeres?\ A. Smoking cessation\ B. Higher calorie diets\ C. Minimal exercise\ D. Sedentary lifestyles\ **Correct Answer**: A  What does the grandmother hypothesis suggest?\ A. Grandmothers increase the lifespan of offspring.\ B. Grandmothers contribute to inclusive fitness.\ C. Grandmothers produce longer telomeres.\ D. Grandmothers reduce fertility rates.\ **Correct Answer**: B  Which term refers to difficulty maintaining attention on relevant information?\ A. Selective attention\ B. Sustained attention\ C. Attentional flexibility\ D. Divided attention\ **Correct Answer**: A  What is the main symptom of Parkinson's disease?\ A. Memory loss\ B. Muscle tremors and slowed movement\ C. Impaired vision\ D. Loss of appetite\ **Correct Answer**: B  What distinguishes mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from dementia?\ A. MCI does not interfere significantly with daily life.\ B. MCI affects only older adults.\ C. MCI always progresses to dementia.\ D. MCI involves motor symptoms.\ **Correct Answer**: A  What is episodic memory?\ A. Knowledge about the world\ B. Retention of life's specific events\ C. Recall of skills and routines\ D. Implicit procedural memory\ **Correct Answer**: B  What is a hallmark of crystallized intelligence?\ A. It improves with exercise.\ B. It accumulates with experience and knowledge.\ C. It declines with faster processing speed.\ D. It is limited to numeric ability.\ **Correct Answer**: B  What is a potential cause of macular degeneration?\ A. Telomerase reduction\ B. Damage to the macula in the retina\ C. Decreased dopamine\ D. Loss of fluid intelligence\ **Correct Answer**: B 21. What increases the risk of falls in older adults?\ A. Reduced cognitive function\ B. Decreased mobility\ C. Vision and hearing impairments\ D. All of the above\ **Correct Answer**: D 22. What is a key indicator of Alzheimer\'s disease in the brain?\ A. Telomere shortening\ B. Amyloid plaques and tau tangles\ C. Reduced acetylcholine\ D. Dopamine reduction\ **Correct Answer**: B 23. How does sarcopenia affect older adults?\ A. Reduces memory capacity\ B. Increases joint flexibility\ C. Causes muscle mass loss\ D. Improves immune system function\ **Correct Answer**: C 24. What is the main difference between explicit and implicit memory?\ A. Implicit memory requires conscious recall.\ B. Explicit memory is automatic and habitual.\ C. Implicit memory involves skills and routines.\ D. Explicit memory does not involve facts or experiences.\ **Correct Answer**: C 25. Which of the following is an example of selective attention?\ A. Focusing on a single conversation in a noisy room\ B. Dividing attention between multiple tasks\ C. Maintaining focus for a long period\ D. Rapidly shifting attention between tasks\ **Correct Answer**: A 26. What distinguishes vascular dementia from Alzheimer\'s disease?\ A. Vascular dementia progresses in a step-like fashion.\ B. Vascular dementia is associated with genetic factors.\ C. Vascular dementia only affects memory.\ D. Vascular dementia is less common than Alzheimer's.\ **Correct Answer**: A 27. What is one feature of cognitive reserve?\ A. A reduction in episodic memory\ B. Improved plasticity of aging brains\ C. Ability to cope with brain changes without cognitive decline\ D. Increased susceptibility to dementia\ **Correct Answer**: C 28. What is an effective lifestyle intervention for preventing osteoporosis?\ A. Increasing alcohol intake\ B. Weight-bearing exercise\ C. Avoiding dairy products\ D. Taking only protein supplements\ **Correct Answer**: B 29. How does dementia impact social relationships?\ A. It enhances communication.\ B. It improves memory recall.\ C. It reduces the ability to remember social interactions.\ D. It increases independence.\ **Correct Answer**: C 30. Which brain region is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?\ A. Amygdala\ B. Hippocampus\ C. Basal ganglia\ D. Cerebellum\ **Correct Answer**: C 31. A patient reports increased forgetfulness but no functional impairment. What is a probable condition?\ A. Alzheimer's disease\ B. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)\ C. Parkinson's disease\ D. Age-associated memory loss\ **Correct Answer**: B 32. A 60-year-old reports joint pain during activity. What lifestyle change would help?\ A. Increase protein intake\ B. Weight-bearing exercise\ C. Decrease calcium intake\ D. Avoid walking\ **Correct Answer**: B 33. What intervention might help slow cognitive decline in aging adults?\ A. Aerobic exercise and cognitive training\ B. Sedentary leisure\ C. Excessive social interaction\ D. Anti-inflammatory medications\ **Correct Answer**: A 34. A 75-year-old patient struggles with reading. What vision issue might they have?\ A. Cataracts\ B. Presbyopia\ C. Glaucoma\ D. Macular degeneration\ **Correct Answer**: B 35. A grandparent's involvement improves a child's survival odds. Which hypothesis explains this?\ A. Evolutionary fitness\ B. Grandmother hypothesis\ C. Longevity hypothesis\ D. Age-related advantage\ **Correct Answer**: B 36. A 68-year-old patient reports blurred vision and sensitivity to light. What is a likely cause?\ A. Cataracts\ B. Glaucoma\ C. Macular degeneration\ D. Presbyopia\ **Correct Answer**: A 37. A senior experiencing memory loss responds well to mnemonic devices. What does this suggest?\ A. Impaired implicit memory\ B. Retained ability to use memory strategies\ C. Reduced episodic memory\ D. Declining fluid intelligence\ **Correct Answer**: B 38. Which activity would most likely improve cognitive function in older adults?\ A. Watching TV\ B. Playing chess regularly\ C. Avoiding social interactions\ D. Following a strict low-calorie diet\ **Correct Answer**: B 39. How would you assess the cognitive status of an older adult with mild forgetfulness?\ A. Use the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).\ B. Measure their telomere length.\ C. Check their dopamine levels.\ D. Test for episodic memory loss only.\ **Correct Answer**: A 40. A 75-year-old who feels disconnected from their community could benefit most from:\ A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy\ B. Joining a social club\ C. Medication for loneliness\ D. Memory enhancement activities\ **Correct Answer**: B