Chapter 10 Lifespan Development PDF

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development 9) The most obvious change ushering in adolescence is __________. a. voice change b. intellectual growth c. puberty d. emotional upheaval Answer: c Page Reference: 4...

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development 9) The most obvious change ushering in adolescence is __________. a. voice change b. intellectual growth c. puberty d. emotional upheaval Answer: c Page Reference: 421 10) The emotional bond formed during the first year of life that makes human babies cling to their caretakers is called __________. a. attachment b. intimacy c. socialization d. imprinting Answer: a Page Reference: 411 11) Tracy is nine months. She is growing and changing so quickly it is difficult for her parents to keep up with all the things she is learning. Her parents have lately noticed that Tracy is spending more and more time and energy trying to do things for herself. This is a sign she is beginning to develop ___________________. a. self-recognition b. self-attention c. a sense of attachment d. a sense of self-awareness Answer: d Page Reference: 414 12) The tendency for young children to seek closeness to certain people is called ________. a. caretaking b. affiliation Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 1 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development c. social affinity d. attachment Answer: d Page Reference: 411 13) The strange situation procedure, in which researchers unobtrusively watch an infant in the presence or absence of several combinations of the child, caretaker, and stranger, is used to study _________. a. social smiling b. attachment c. identification d. dependence and independence Answer: b Page Reference: 413–414 14) In Harlow's studies with young monkeys, the monkeys were exposed to a wire mother with a bottle and a cloth mother without a bottle. The young monkeys spent their non-feeding time a. with the wire mother. b. with both mothers equally. c. with the cloth mother. d. away from both mothers. Answer: c Page Reference: 412–413 15) Harlow's studies with young monkeys showed a. that monkeys prefer soft mothers over food. b. that monkeys prefer the mother who provides food regardless of other factors. c. that monkeys prefer a wire mother in stressful situations. d. none of the above Answer: a Page Reference: 412–413 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 2 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development 16) According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development between two and seven years of age, in which the individual becomes able to use mental representations and language to describe, remember, and reason about the world, though only in an egocentric fashion, is the __________ stage. a. concrete operations b. preoperational c. sensorimotor d. formal operations Answer: b Page Reference: 407–408 17) The mother of a young child who didn't like to drink milk was trying to coax him to drink some. Taking the glass of milk, she poured it all into a smaller cup and said, ”There! Now you won't have to drink so much.” She would never have fooled the child if he had not been in the __________ stage. a. preconventional b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational Answer: b Page Reference: 407–408 18) According to Piaget, children learn to retrace their thoughts, correct themselves, see more than one dimension to a problem, but cannot yet handle abstract concepts during the __________ stage. a. preoperational b. formal operational c. concrete operational d. sensorimotor Answer: c Page Reference: 408 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 3 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development 19) According to Piaget, children begin to develop concepts and the ability to think in terms of abstractions in the __________ stage. a. preoperational b. formal operational c. concrete operational d. sensorimotor Answer: b Page Reference: 408 20) Adjusting behaviour or thoughts to fit new environmental demands is called _______. a. schema b. accommodation c. assimilation d. structure Answer: b Page Reference: 406 21) _______ is most famous for his theory that all children go through a series of sequential intellectual stages. a. Ainsworth b. Bowlby c. Gesell d. Piaget Answer: d Page Reference: 406 22) The belief that one is the centre of the world is called by Piaget: a. animism. b. egocentrism. c. self-centring. d. centrismic thinking. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 4 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development Answer: b Page Reference: 414–415 23) Which of the following states has as a main theme the ability to consider many possible solutions to a problem and the ability to systematically test those possibilities? a. preoperational b. sensorimotor c. formal operations d. concrete operations Answer: c Page Reference: 408 24) Based on Piagetian theory, which of the following relationships is NOT correct? a. concrete operations—have attained conservation b. preoperational—animism c. formal operations—egocentrism d. sensorimotor—developing object permanence Answer: c Page Reference: 406–408 25) According to Piaget, what are the ages for the formal operational stage? a. birth to age two b. age two to seven c. age seven to eleven d. beyond age eleven or twelve Answer: d Page Reference: 408 26) What event marks the end of the Piagetian stage of sensorimotor development? a. the ability to do abstract thinking b. the ability to do reversible thinking c. the development of conservation d. the development of object permanence Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 5 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development Answer: d Page Reference: 407 27) Piaget attributed cognitive development to the interaction of what two processes? a. assimilation and accommodation b. assimilation and egocentric thinking c. egocentric thinking and conservation d. conservation and accommodation Answer: a Page Reference: 406 28) The adage ”Out of sight, out of mind” is most accurately applied to the early part of the _______ stage of development. a. formal operations b. concrete operations c. preoperational d. sensorimotor Answer: d Page Reference: 407 29) Suppose that you show a small boy two bars of fresh fudge that are equal on all dimensions (exactly the same size, shape, and weight). You ask him if the two bars are the same, and he says, ”Yes.” You then cut one of the bars into 10 chunks as he watches. You are surprised when he now asks if he can have the cut up fudge because it has more candy than the intact bar. This episode illustrates that the youngster a. probably is retarded. b. lacks the concept of object permanence. c. is in the preoperational stage. d. is in the concrete operational stage. Answer: c Page Reference: 407–408 30) In which stage of cognitive development does the conservation concept first appear? Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 6 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development a. formal operations b. concrete operations c. preoperational d. sensorimotor Answer: b Page Reference: 408 31) If a child can tell you what Y is equal to when you give her the equation X = Y + 10, then she is in the _______ stage of cognitive development. a. formal operations b. concrete operations c. preoperational d. sensorimotor Answer: a Page Reference: 408 32) Piaget's stage theory assumes that a. all children pass through certain stages at a specified age. b. all children pass through a series of 6 stages. c. all children pass through stages in the same order. d. children often skip some of the stages. Answer: c Page Reference: 406 33) A characteristic that first shows up in the concrete operations stage is _______. a. irreversibility b. abstract thinking c. egocentrism d. logical thinking Answer: d Page Reference: 408 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 7 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development 34) Most ten- and eleven-year-olds are at the level of thinking that Piaget described as __________. a. formal operational b. preoperational c. sensorimotor d. concrete operational Answer: d Page Reference: 408 35) The major turning point in most adults' lives is __________. a. getting their first job b. buying their first house c. dealing with aging parents d. having and raising children Answer: d Page Reference: 439 36) Which of the following theorists believe that people go through stages, each of which has a ”crisis” associated with it? a. Bandura b. Kohlberg c. Piaget d. Erikson Answer: d Page Reference: 435 37) Erik Erikson found that each stage in personality development has a particular _______. a. crisis b. conflict c. identity Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 8 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development d. anxiety Answer: a Page Reference: 435 38) According to Erikson, the last stage of development involves the crisis of a. identity vs. role confusion b. generativity vs. stagnation c. autonomy vs. doubt d. ego-integrity vs. despair Answer: d Page Reference: 437 39) How did Erikson identify the conflict experienced in old age? a. industry vs. inferiority b. intimacy vs. isolation c. generativity vs. stagnation d. integrity vs. despair Answer: d Page Reference: 437 40) Jeff is 13 years old and he has recently noticed some remarkable changes in himself. Over the past few months his voice has started to change, growing deeper. He has begun to grow pubic hair, as well as the beginnings of a facial beard. He is also filling out, with his muscles developing rapidly. These changes in Jeff are probably due to the action of the _____________. a. gonads b. thyroid gland c. pineal gland d. adrenal gland Answer: a Page Reference: 421 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 9 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development 41) Before puberty, males do not produce sperm, even though their genitals are physically equivalent to a man's. This illustrates which of the following? a. empiricism b. behaviourism c. humanism d. maturation Answer: d Page Reference: 421 42) Lawrence Kohlberg is noted for his theories of __________ development. a. cognitive b. social c. moral d. emotional Answer: c Page Reference: 425–427 43) The period of life when a person is transformed from a child to an adult is __________. a. puberty b. menarche c. maturation d. adolescence Answer: d Page Reference: 421 44) Research indicates that onset of puberty _______________. a. has remained relatively unchanged for several centuries b. is occurring at later ages than ever before in developed countries c. is occurring at earlier ages than ever before in developed countries d. is less important to teenagers today than it has been historically Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 10 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development Answer: c Page Reference: 421 45) As children approach their teen years, contact with _______ becomes more important in their development. a. peers b. parents c. teachers d. adults Answer: a Page Reference: 427–429 46) According to Erikson, a sense of producing and contributing to the world is called _______. a. generativity b. self-actualization c. maturation d. worthiness Answer: a Page Reference: 437 47) The cessation of menstruation is called __________. a. menopause b. endometriosis c. menarche d. the climacteric Answer: a Page Reference: 432 48) Generativity or stagnation are two feelings that may dominate a person's life during a. middle adulthood. b. young adulthood. c. late adulthood. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 11 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development d. the period after he is told that he has a terminal illness. Answer: a Page Reference: 437 49) A gradual and inevitable decline in the life processes begins in __________. a. adolescence b. young adulthood c. middle age d. old age Answer: c Page Reference: 437 50) Older people who were often labelled as ”senile” in the past were most likely suffering from __________. a. normal aging b. Parkinson's disease c. Huntington's disease d. Alzheimer's disease Answer: d Page Reference: 432–433 55) A child learns that his father is called “Daddy.” The next day, he calls his uncle “Daddy.” Which term best captures this behaviour? a. assimilation Correct: Assimilation involves fitting a new concept into existing knowledge. b. accommodation c. equilibration d. egocentrism Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 12 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development Page Reference: 406, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. 56) A child and her mother are walking through an aquarium. The child knows there are such things as fish, but has never seen a starfish before. Upon seeing one, she says “See the fishie.”Which term best explains the child’s comment? a. assimilation Correct: Assimilation involves fitting a new concept into existing knowledge. b. accommodation c. egocentrism d. equilibration Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 406, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. 57) When Angela plays the game “peekaboo!” with her infant, Michael, he cries every time, thinking his mom has disappeared. Which concept has Michael yet to develop? a. conservation b. object permanence Correct: A child has achieved object permanence when the child knows an object still exists even if she or he cannot see it. c. symbolic thought d. assimilation Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 407, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 13 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development 58) A child thinks that the day turns to night just so that he can go to sleep at bedtime. Which term best characterizes this behaviour? a. egocentrism Correct: Egocentricism is a tendency to see events only from a personal perspective. b. conservation c. deferred imitation d. assimilation Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 414, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. 59) Three-year-old Nick agrees to trade his dime for a nickel because the nickel is bigger. Which stage of cognitive development is being characterized? a. concrete operational b. formal operational c. preoperational Correct: At the preoperational stage, children have not achieved conservation, which allows them to understand bigger does not always mean more. d. sensorimotor Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 407, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. 60) A child talks to herself as she draws a picture. How would Vygotsky most likely interpret this behaviour? a. as a sign that she is an auditory learner Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 14 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development b. as an indication that she has an imaginary friend c. as evidence of egocentrism d. as a sign of her cognitive developmental process Correct: Vygotsky argued that all aspects of children’s play and actions reflect their cognitive development Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 410, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Apply the concept of scaffolding and the zone of proximal development to understandhow to best promote learning. 61) Which behaviour most clearly demonstrates the existence of emotional attachment? a. delayed crawling b. a mother feeding her child c. egocentrism d. stranger anxiety Correct: Statement of fact. Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 413, Module 10.2 Skill: Factual Objective: Understand the importance of attachment and the different styles of attachment. 62) A mother leaves her baby with a babysitter. When the mother returns one hour later, the baby crawls to the mother crying, but then pushes her away when the mother tries to offer comfort. Which type of attachment is being characterized? a. secure b. resistant Correct: Resistant attachment is characterized by dependence on the caregiver but resistance towards reunion after separation. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 15 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development c. avoidant d. disoriented Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 413, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Understand the importance of attachment and the different styles of attachment. 65) Nathan is trying to build a castle out of building blocks. At his current stage of cognitive development, he is unable to successfully construct this himself, but is receptive to learning the skill with the assistance of others. Which term proposed by Vygotsky best captures Nathan’s developmental stage? a. scaffolding stage b. concrete operations c. formal operations d. zone of proximal development Correct: Statement of fact. Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 410, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Apply the concept of scaffolding and the zone of proximal development to understand how to best promote learning. 66) In which way do most contemporary theories of cognitive development differ from Piagetian theory? a. Learning is constructivist in nature. b. Learning is gradual rather than stagelike. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 16 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development Correct: Vygotsky and others argued that skills were acquired gradually rather than in stages. c. Learning is based on general domains. d. Learning is a function of acquired knowledge. Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 410, Module 10.2 Skill: Factual Objective: Apply the concept of scaffolding and the zone of proximal development to understand how to best promote learning. 67) Researchers are testing three groups of children aged 2½, 3½, and 4½ years of age. Which test should be administered to determine if these children have attained theory of mind? a. conservation b. object permanence c. self-concept d. false belief Correct: Children at these ages will respond to false belief tasks differently because of different theories of mind. Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 415, Module 10.2 Skill: Applied Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. 68) What did Harlow’s research with rhesus monkeys in the 1950s demonstrate about attachment? a. It is associated with the sustenance supplied by mothers. b. It is not determined by nourishment or comfort as monkeys did not bond to either surrogate. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 17 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development c. It is dependent upon biological relations as the greatest bonding occurred in mother- infant pairs. d. It is associated with contact comfort rather than with nourishment. Correct: When given the choice, Harlow`s monkeys preferred a soft comforting surrogate mother to one that had food available but that provided no comfort. Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 412, Module 10.2 Skill: Factual Objective: Understand the importance of attachment and the different styles of attachment. 69) The first time that four-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of a. assimilation. Correct: Assimilation occurs when a person classifies a new object as an object she or he is already familiar with. b. egocentrism. c. conservation. d. accommodation. Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 406, Module 10.2 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. 70) Three-year-old Zara calls all four-legged animals "kitties." Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of a. conservation. b. assimilation. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 18 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development Correct: Assimilation occurs when a person classifies a new object as an object she or he is already familiar with. c. accommodation. d. egocentrism. e. attachment. Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 406, Module 10.2 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. 71) Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall, narrow glass. Actually, both glasses contain the same amount of soda. This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of a. conservation. Correct: A person must understand the conservation of mass before she or he will understand that the same mass can take on many different shapes. b. egocentrism. c. assimilation. d. object permanence. Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 407, Module 10.2 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Understand the cognitive changes that occur during infancy and childhood. 72) Fred has no meaningful occupational goals and has switched college majors several times. Erikson would have suggested that Fred lacks a. identity. b. initiative. c. trust. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 19 of 20  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 10: Lifespan Development d. competence. Correct: Erikson claims that emerging adults struggle with competence. Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 432, Module 10.4 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Know the keys areas of growth experienced by emerging adults. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 20 of 20