Chapter 1 The Basic Science of Therapeutic Modalities PDF

Chapter 1 The Basic Science of Therapeutic Modalities  Science of Modalities ENERGY TRANSFORMED OR TRANSFERRED?  The capacity of a system for doing work and exists in various forms  Often transformed from one form to another  O...

Chapter 1 The Basic Science of Therapeutic Modalities  Science of Modalities ENERGY TRANSFORMED OR TRANSFERRED?  The capacity of a system for doing work and exists in various forms  Often transformed from one form to another  Often transferred from one location to another  Science of Modalities ENERGY WHAT FORM OF ENERGY IS THIS? Forms of energy relevant for therapeutic modalities Electromagnetic Thermal Electrical Sound Mechanical  Science of Modalities ENERGY ASSIST, ABSORB, REFLECT? Energy can be transferred into biologic tissue Tissues may: Assist to generate heat through resistance Absorb heat Reflect energy decreasing the chance of heat  Science of Modalities ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OR ENERGY PHOTON? Radiation Electromagnetic energy travels from its source outward through space Heat transfer through which heat can be either gained or lost Photon Energy carrier that composes all electromagnetic radiation Travels as waves at the speed of light  Science of Modalities ELECTROMAGNETIC ABSORPTION/EMISSION ENERGY Photons all travel at the same speed Distinguished by their wave properties of wavelength and frequency Distinguished by the amount of energy carried by each photon  Science of Modalities WAVELENGTH CAN THE FREQUENCY OF VS FREQUENCY WAVELENGTH BE ADJUSTED? Wavelength The distance from one point in a propagating wave to the same point in the next wave Frequency The number of wave oscillations or vibrations occurring in a particular time unit, commonly expressed in Hertz  Science of Modalities WAVELENGTH ULTRASOUND VS FREQUENCY Does US have a wavelength? Does US have frequency? Can frequency be adjusted?  Science of Modalities ENERGY SPECTRUM COLORS ARE CALLED A SPECTRUM Light refracted through a prism: Infrared Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Re violet Ultraviolet  Science of Modalities ENERGY SPECTRUM IS REFRACTION TAKING PLACE? Spectrum Range of visible light colors Refraction Change in direction of a wave or radiation wave when is passes from one medium to another  Science of Modalities ENERGY SPECTRUM INFRARED OR ULTRAVIOLET? Infrared Radiation The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum associated with thermal changes Ultraviolet Radiation The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum associated with chemical changes  Science of Modalities ELECTROMAGNETIC DIATHERMY UNIT RADIATIONS Longer wavelengths more penetrating Low frequency & long wavelengths heat tissue Diathermy The application of high- frequency electrical energy used to generate heat in body tissue as a result of the resistance of the tissue to the passage of energy  Science of Modalities LAWS OF ENERGY GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH Reflection Bending back of light or sound waves from a surface that they strike Transmission Propagation of energy through a particular biologic tissue into deeper tissues Absorption Energy that stimulates a particular tissue to perform its normal function  Science of Modalities LAWS OF ENERGY WHERE IS THE OPTIMUM DOSE FOUND? Arndt-Schultz Principle No reactions or changes can occur in the body if the amount of energy absorbed is not sufficient to stimulate the absorbing tissues Too little energy: no effect Too much energy: injury  Science of Modalities LAWS OF ENERGY APPLY GROTTHUS- DRAPER Law of Grotthus-Draper Energy not absorbed by the tissues must be transmitted Inverse relationship between absorption and penetration of energy Energy absorbed by one tissue layer is not passed along to deeper layers The more energy absorbed in superficial layers, the less available for deeper layers  Science of Modalities LAWS OF ENERGY Cosine Law Angle of incidence: The angle at which radiant energy strikes the body As the angle of incidence changes from 90º,the less effective the transmission Based on the cosine of the angle of incidence:  Effective energy = 45º Energy * Cosine (angle) Radiant energy should be 50% Transmission ±90º (cosine of 45º =.50)  Science of Modalities LAWS OF ENERGY Inverse Square Law Intensity of radiant energy depends on the distance between the source and the target. Changing the distance changes the intensity Change is proportional to the square of the distance.