Chapter 1 Study Guide 1.pdf

Chapter 1 7 • What cells are CD3+ and CD4+? CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and Regulatory T cells • Difference between generative lymphoid organs and the peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs. Lymphoid Organs Locations Function Process Outcome Lymphocytes Mature Produce mature mature in bone lympho...

Chapter 1 7 • What cells are CD3+ and CD4+? CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and Regulatory T cells • Difference between generative lymphoid organs and the peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs. Lymphoid Organs Locations Function Process Outcome Lymphocytes Mature Produce mature mature in bone lymphocytes leave Generative Bone marrow lymphocytes from marrow (B cells) and enter (Primary) and thymus precursors and thymus (T cells) circulation Lymph nodes (B), spleen, Major sites of Circulating mature Activation of mucosal, and immune responses lymphocytes lymphocytes Peripheral cutaneous where lymphocytes respond to foreign contributes to (Secondary) tissues are activated antigens immune responses • What is the difference between a naïve lymphocyte and an effector lymphocyte? Difference between Naïve and Effector Lymphocytes: When naive lymphocytes recognize microbial antigens and receive additional signals induced by microbes, they undergo proliferation and differentiation into effector cells and memory cells. Naive lymphocytes express receptors for antigens but do not perform the functions required to eliminate antigens. On the other hand, effector lymphocytes are the differentiated progeny of naive cells and possess the ability to produce molecules that function to eliminate antigens. Specifically, in the B lymphocyte lineage, effector cells are represented by antibody-secreting cells known as plasma cells. The key distinction lies in the functional capabilities, where naive lymphocytes are primarily receptors for antigens, and effector lymphocytes actively produce molecules, such as antibodies, contributing to the elimination of antigens. Characteristic Migration: Frequency of Cells Responsive to Particular Antigen: Effector Functions: Membrane Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotype: Affinity of Ig Produced: • Activated Lymphocytes Naive Lymphocytes (Effector) Peripheral lymphoid inflamed tissues upon organs encountering antigens. Low frequency Limited or none. IgM, IgD Low High frequency Antibody Secretion Low Level of Plasma Cells (e.g., IgG, IgA, IgE) Increase during immune response What cells produce memory cells? Memory cells, also generated from the progeny of antigenstimulated lymphocytes, or B Lymphocytes.