Computerized Measurement Systems PDF

Chapter 1 Computerized Measurement Systems SF3043 Computer Programming and Interfacing by Dr Mohd Norzaidi Mat Nawi Content Outline What is Computerized Measurement System? Key Components of Computerized Measurement System Real-World Applications: Examples Measurement in Physics...

Chapter 1 Computerized Measurement Systems SF3043 Computer Programming and Interfacing by Dr Mohd Norzaidi Mat Nawi Content Outline What is Computerized Measurement System? Key Components of Computerized Measurement System Real-World Applications: Examples Measurement in Physics Internet of Things, Why it is Important? The IoT Components IoT Applications What is Computerized Measurement System? Refer to a system that uses computer and digital technologies to acquire, process, analyze and store data from various measurement instruments Sensors Around Us! Discuss with your partner the following questions: 1. What are sensors? 2. List all the types of sensors you have encountered in your life (e.g. sensors in smartphones or vehicles). What physical phenomena do they measure? 3. How is the processed data indications provided to users? Key components of a computerized measurement system Sensors: The Foundation of Measurement 1 Physical Phenomena 2 Analog Signals Sensors are devices that detect They typically produce physical phenomena and analog signals that represent converts into electrical signal. the measured quantity. 3 Examples Common examples include thermometers, pressure gauges, and accelerometers. Signal Conditioning and Processing Enhances the sensor signal to make it suitable for processing. Amplification Increases signal strength for better processing. Filtering Removes unwanted noise and interference. Conversion Transforms signals for compatibility with data acquisition systems. Signal Acquisition Convert the analog signal to digital signal (e.g. ADC) Analog vs. Digital Signals: Key Differences Feature Analog Digital Representation Continuous values Discrete values (0 or 1) Accuracy Susceptible to noise More resistant to and interference noise and interference Processing Complex and Easier and more specialized efficient Data Analysis and Display 1 Data Analysis 2 Visualization Process the digital signal to Presents the data to the user extract useful information. through graphical user Usually use software tools. interface (GUI). 3 Decision Making Using data insights to inform decisions and optimize processes. Real-World Applications: Examples 1 Industrial Automation Monitoring and controlling processes in manufacturing, oil and gas, and power generation. 2 Medical Devices Diagnostic equipment, and patient monitoring systems 3 Environmental Monitoring Tracking weather conditions, air quality, and water pollution levels. 4 Education Technology in physics education. Including data collection, enhancing the student engagement and understanding a concept Measurement in Physics Based on the SPM physics syllabus, identify the experiment topics shown in the figure below. For each suggested topic, recommend suitable sensors that would be appropriate for collecting data and conducting measurements. Benefits 1 Accuracy Reduces human error by automating measurements 2 Speed Process data quickly, enabling timely decisions 3 Data Management Facilitates easier storage and retrieval of large datasheets Conclusion and Future Trends Advancements in Internet of Things Sensors IoT enables real-time More sensitive, smaller, and monitoring, automation and intelligent sensors are remote control of systems and emerging. devices Artificial Intelligence AI is being integrated into measurement systems for automated data analysis and decision making. Internet of Things (IoT) Why is it important? The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity. 1 Revolutionizing 2 Enhanced Efficiency Industries Connected devices optimize IoT is transforming industries by processes, improve decision- enabling data collection, making, and streamline analysis, and automation. operations. 3 Personalized Experiences IoT enables tailored services and experiences based on individual preferences and needs. Evolution of Internet and IoT 19 Century Early 1990s 2004 2005 2010 The IoT Components: Devices, Connectivity, Data Processing and User Interface The IoT ecosystem encompasses various components working together to facilitate communication and data exchange between devices and the cloud. Devices (Sensors) Connectivity Data Processing User Interface Sensors, actuators, and other Wireless technologies such as Store, process, and analyze Allow users to interact with the devices collect and send data, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular data collected from IoT IoT system enabling control and networks enable devices. automation. communication between devices. IoT Devices/Sensors IoT Devices, equipped with sensors, colleting data from their environment. Devices Encompass wearable technology, smart home gadgets, industrial IoT devices, connected vehicles, and health monitoring systems, each designed to enhance efficiency and provide valuable insights Sensors Common types of sensors include temperature, humidity, motion, gas, and soil moisture sensors, which gather environmental data for uses like smart home automation, industrial monitoring, and agricultural management IoT Connectivity and Protocol IoT devices connected with each other and with the cloud network using various connections, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Connectivity Description Communication Protocols WIFI Wireless networking technology that HTTP, MQTT, and CoAP, which facilitate connects IoT devices to the internet data exchange between devices and via a local area network (LAN). servers. Bluetooth Short-range wireless technology ideal Often use profiles like Bluetooth Low for connecting devices over short Energy (BLE) for low-power distances (typically up to 100 meters). communications. MQTT or GATT (Generic Attribute Profile) for data transfer. Cellular Provide long-range connectivity, HTTP or MQTT over cellular networks to allowing devices to communicate send data to cloud servers, enabling over wider areas without needing remote monitoring and control local networks. Zigbee Low-power, low-data-rate wireless Uses application layer protocols like communication technology used for Zigbee Cluster Library (ZCL) for device creating mesh networks, commonly communication. found in home automation. NFC (Near Short-range communication Uses standardized protocols for peer-to- Field technology that allows devices to peer communication Communicatio communicate when they are very n) close (typically a few centimeters). IoT Data Processing Real time analysis Scalability enables real-time analysis, to handle large volumes of data allowing for immediate insights generated by numerous and actions devices, ensuring that systems can grow and adapt as more IoT devices are deployed. Data Security Implementing robust security measures in data processing is essential to protect sensitive information Security in IoT: Addressing vulnerabilities and threats Security is a crucial aspect of IoT, as connected devices are susceptible to various vulnerabilities and threats. Authentication Secure authentication protocols are essential to verify the identity of devices and users. Encryption Data should be encrypted during transmission and storage to protect against unauthorized access. Access Control Restricting access to devices and data based on roles and permissions is vital for security. IoT User Interface Ensuring that users can easily monitor, control, and interact with IoT devices by providing real-time feedback and notifications, keeping them informed about device status. Introduction to Blynk and RemoteXY Blynk RemoteXY A user-friendly platform with a drag-and-drop interface for An open-source platform that allows you to create custom web creating mobile-based IoT projects. interfaces for controlling IoT devices. IoT Applications in Smart Systems: Examples and Use Cases IoT is transforming various sectors, enhancing efficiency, improving user experiences, and creating new opportunities. Smart Homes Smart Cities Remote control, energy monitoring, Traffic management, waste security systems, and personalized collection, environmental comfort. monitoring, and public safety. Healthcare Agriculture Remote patient monitoring, Precision farming, crop monitoring, wearable health trackers, and irrigation control, and livestock automated medication delivery. management. IoT Applications Explore current IoT applications in various field, focusing on their impact and technologies used Smart Traffic Lights Watering Plant System Smart Home System Optimizing traffic flow, reducing Conserving water, optimizing crop yields, Enhancing convenience, improving congestion, and improving safety. and improving agricultural efficiency. security, and optimizing energy usage for efficient living environment ADAS System Smart Greenhouse Enhancing safety, performance and enabling seamless navigation for smarter and efficient driving experience Optimize environmental conditions to improve water efficiency and reducing energy