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MAINTENACE OF BRIDGES CHAPTER - II MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES PART A - GENERAL 201. Responsibility of the Engineering officials  3HUPDQHQW:D\:RUNV,QVSHFWRU 'LIIHUHQ...

MAINTENACE OF BRIDGES CHAPTER - II MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES PART A - GENERAL 201. Responsibility of the Engineering officials  3HUPDQHQW:D\:RUNV,QVSHFWRU 'LIIHUHQW 5DLOZD\V IROORZ GLIIHUHQW SUDFWLFHV LQ UHJDUG WR WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ RI XSNHHS DQG PDLQWHQDQFH RI EULGJHV LQFOXGLQJ URDG XQGHURYHUEULGJHV7KHPDLQWHQDQFHRIWKHLWHPVLQIROORZLQJVXESDUD VKRXOG EH FDUULHG RXW E\ ,QVSHFWRU RI  :RUNV RU 3HUPDQHQW :D\ ,QVSHFWRULQKLVMXULVGLFWLRQDVSHUWKHSUDFWLFHRUDVDSSURYHGE\WKH &KLHI(QJLQHHURIWKH5DLOZD\ D )RXQGDWLRQVIORRULQJVXEVWUXFWXUHVEHGEORFNVDQGSURWHFWLRQ ZRUNVRIDOOEULGJHV E 6XSHUVWUXFWXUHRIDOODUFKSLSHER[36&VODEDQG5&&VODE EULGJHV F 6WHHOZRUNRIJLUGHUVSDQVOHVVWKDQPFOHDU  3HUPDQHQW:D\,QVSHFWRU 7KH 3HUPDQHQW :D\ ,QVSHFWRU VKDOO EH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH PDLQWHQDQFH RI WUDFN RYHU EULGJHV DQG RQ WKH DSSURDFKHV +H VKDOO DOVREHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHPDLQWHQDQFHRIWKHDSSXUWHQDQFHVVXFKDV JXDUGUDLOVIRRWSDWK1RWLFH%RDUGV1DPH%RDUGVWUROOH\UHIXJHVDQG VDQGELQVHWF+HVKDOODOVRHQVXUHFOHDULQJRIZDWHUZD\VRIEULGJHV  %ULGJH,QVSHFWRUV 7KH%ULGJH,QVSHFWRUVKDOOEHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHPDLQWHQDQFHRI D 7KHVWHHOZRUNRIDOOWKHJLUGHUEULGJHVZLWKFOHDUVSDQRIP DQGDERYH E 6XSHUVWUXFWXUHRIDOO5&&SUHVWUHVVHGFRQFUHWHDQGFRPSRVLWH JLUGHUEULGJHVDQG F 7KHEHDULQJVRIDOOWKHDERYHEULGJHV 202. 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