CBCS B.Sc. Physics Syllabus PDF

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM B. SC. (PHYSICS) PROGRAM SEMESTER COURSE OPTED COURSE NAME Credits Core course-I Mechanics 4 I Core Course-I Practical/Tutorial Mechanics Lab...

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM B. SC. (PHYSICS) PROGRAM SEMESTER COURSE OPTED COURSE NAME Credits Core course-I Mechanics 4 I Core Course-I Practical/Tutorial Mechanics Lab 2 II Core course-II Electricity and Magnetism 4 II Core Course-II Practical/Tutorial Electricity and Magnetism 2 Lab Core course-III Thermal Physics and 4 III Statistical Mechanics Core Course-III Practical/Tutorial Thermal Physics and 2 Statistical Mechanics Lab Skill Enhancement Course -1 SEC-1* 4 Core course-IV Waves and Optics 4 IV Course-IV Practical/Tutorial Waves and Optics Lab 2 Skill Enhancement Course -I SEC -I 4 V Skill Enhancement Course -I SEC -I 4 Discipline Specific Elective -1 DSE-1A 6 VI Skill Enhancement Course -II SEC –II** 4 Discipline Specific Elective -II DSE-1B 6 *Electronics I.** Electronics II.  Semester I PHYSICS-DSC 1 A: MECHANICS (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Vectors: Vector algebra. Scalar and vector products. Derivatives of a vector with respect to a parameter. (4 Lectures) Ordinary Differential Equations:1st order homogeneous differential equations. 2nd order homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients. (6 Lectures) Laws of Motion: Frames of reference. Newton’s Laws of motion. Dynamics of a system of particles. Centre of Mass. (10 Lectures) Momentum and Energy: Conservation of momentum. Work and energy. Conservation of energy. Motion of rockets. (6 Lectures) Rotational Motion: Angular velocity and angular momentum. Torque. Conservation of angular momentum. (5 Lectures) Gravitation: Newton’s Law of Gravitation. Motion of a particle in a central force field (motion is in a plane, angular momentum is conserved, areal velocity is constant). Kepler’s Laws (statement only). Satellite in orbit and applications. Geosynchronous orbits. Weightlessness. Basic idea of global positioning system (GPS). (8 Lectures) Fluids: Surface Tension: Synclastic and anticlastic surface - Excess of pressure - Application to spherical and cylindrical drops and bubbles - variation of surface tension with temperature - Jaegar’s method. Viscosity: Viscosity - Rate flow of liquid in a capillary tube - Poiseuille’s formula - Determination of coefficient of viscosity of a liquid - Variations of viscosity of a liquid with temperature lubrication. (6 Lectures) Elasticity: Hooke’s law - Stress-strain diagram - Elastic moduli-Relation between elastic constants - Poisson’s Ratio-Expression for Poisson’s ratio in terms of elastic constants - Work done in stretching and work done in twisting a wire - Twisting couple on a cylinder - Determination of Rigidity modulus by static torsion - Torsional pendulum-Determination of Rigidity modulus and moment of inertia - q, η and by Searles method (8 Lectures) Special Theory of Relativity: Constancy of speed of light. Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity. Length contraction. Time dilation. Relativistic addition of velocities. (7 Lectures) Note: Students are not familiar with vector calculus. Hence all examples involve differentiation either in one dimension or with respect to the radial coordinate. Reference Books:  University Physics. FW Sears, MW Zemansky and HD Young13/e, 1986. Addison- Wesley  Mechanics Berkeley Physics course,v.1:Charles Kittel, et. Al. 2007, Tata McGraw- Hill.  Physics – Resnick, Halliday & Walker 9/e, 2010, Wiley  University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHYSICS LAB: DSC 1 LAB: MECHANICS 60 Lectures 1. Measurements of length (or diameter) using vernier caliper, screw gauge and travelling microscope. 2. To determine the Height of a Building using a Sextant. 3. To determine the Moment of Inertia of a Flywheel. 4. To determine the Young's Modulus of a Wire by Optical Lever Method. 5. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by Maxwell’s needle. 6. To determine the Elastic Constants of a Wire by Searle’s method. 7. To determine g by Bar Pendulum. 8. To determine g by Kater’s Pendulum. 9. To determine g and velocity for a freely falling body using Digital Timing Technique 10. To study the Motion of a Spring and calculate (a) Spring Constant (b) Value of g Reference Books:  Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint and H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House.  Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers  A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition, 2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Semester II PHYSICS-DSC 2: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Vector Analysis: Scalar and Vector product, gradient, divergence, Curl and their significance, Vector Integration, Line, surface and volume integrals of Vector fields, Gauss-divergence theorem and Stoke's theorem of vectors (statement only). (12 Lectures) Electrostatics: Electrostatic Field, electric flux, Gauss's theorem of electrostatics. Applications of Gauss theorem- Electric field due to point charge, infinite line of charge, uniformly charged spherical shell and solid sphere, plane charged sheet, charged conductor. Electric potential as line integral of electric field, potential due to a point charge, electric dipole, uniformly charged spherical shell and solid sphere. Calculation of electric field from potential. Capacitance of an isolated spherical conductor. Parallel plate, spherical and cylindrical condenser. Energy per unit volume in electrostatic field. Dielectric medium, Polarisation, Displacement vector. Gauss's theorem in dielectrics. Parallel plate capacitor completely filled with dielectric. (22 Lectures) Magnetism: Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart's law & its applications- straight conductor, circular coil, solenoid carrying current. Divergence and curl of magnetic field. Magnetic vector potential. Ampere's circuital law. Magnetic properties of materials: Magnetic intensity, magnetic induction, permeability, magnetic susceptibility. Brief introduction of dia-, para- and ferro-magnetic materials. (10 Lectures) Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz's law, self and mutual inductance, L of single coil, M of two coils. Energy stored in magnetic field. (6 Lectures) Maxwell`s equations and Electromagnetic wave propagation: Equation of continuity of current, Displacement current, Maxwell's equations, Poynting vector, energy density in electromagnetic field, electromagnetic wave propagation through vacuum and isotropic dielectric medium, transverse nature of EM waves, polarization. (10 Lectures) Reference Books:  Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986, McGraw-Hill Education..  Electricity and Magnetism, J.H. Fewkes & J. Yarwood. Vol. I, 1991, Oxford Univ. Press.  Electricity and Magnetism, D C Tayal, 1988, Himalaya Publishing House.  University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole.  D.J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd Edn, 1998, Benjamin Cummings. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 PHYSICS LAB- DSC 2 LAB: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 60 Lectures 1. To use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, (c) DC Current, and (d) checking electrical fuses. 2. Ballistic Galvanometer: (i) Measurement of charge and current sensitivity (ii) Measurement of CDR (iii) Determine a high resistance by Leakage Method (iv) To determine Self Inductance of a Coil by Rayleigh’s Method. 3. To compare capacitances using De’Sauty’s bridge. 4. Measurement of field strength B and its variation in a Solenoid (Determine dB/dx). 5. To study the Characteristics of a Series RC Circuit. 6. To study the a series LCR circuit and determine its (a) Resonant Frequency, (b) Quality Factor 7. To study a parallel LCR circuit and determine its (a) Anti-resonant frequency and (b) Quality factor Q 8. To determine a Low Resistance by Carey Foster’s Bridge. 9. To verify the Thevenin and Norton theorem 10. To verify the Superposition, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem Reference Books  Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint & H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House.  A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition, 2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.  Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers  Semester III PHYSICS-DSC 3: THERMAL PHYSICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Laws of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Description of system: Zeroth Law of thermodynamics and temperature. First law and internal energy, conversion of heat into work, Various Thermodynamical Processes, Applications of First Law: General Relation between CP& CV, Work Done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes, Compressibility & Expansion Coefficient, Reversible & irreversible processes, Second law & Entropy, Carnot’s cycle & theorem, Entropy changes in reversible & irreversible processes, Entropy-temperature diagrams, Third law of thermodynamics, Unattainability of absolute zero. (22 Lectures) Thermodynamic Potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs, Helmholtz and Internal Energy functions, Maxwell’s relations & applications - Joule-Thompson Effect, Clausius- Clapeyron Equation, Expression for (CP – CV), CP/CV, TdS equations. (10 Lectures) Kinetic Theory of Gases: Derivation of Maxwell’s law of distribution of velocities and its experimental verification, Mean free path (Zeroth Order), Transport Phenomena: Viscosity, Conduction and Diffusion (for vertical case), Law of equipartition of energy (no derivation) and its applications to specific heat of gases; mono-atomic and diatomic gases. (10 Lectures) Theory of Radiation: Blackbody radiation, Spectral distribution, Concept of Energy Density, Derivation of Planck's law, Deduction of Wien’s distribution law, Rayleigh- Jeans Law, Stefan Boltzmann Law and Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law. (6 Lectures) Statistical Mechanics: Maxwell-Boltzmann law - distribution of velocity - Quantum statistics - Phase space - Fermi-Dirac distribution law - electron gas - Bose-Einstein distribution law - photon gas - comparison of three statistics. (12 Lectures) Reference Books:  Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and C. Ghosh, 1993, Tata McGraw-Hill.  A Treatise on Heat, Meghnad Saha, and B.N. Srivastava, 1969, Indian Press.  Thermodynamics, Enrico Fermi, 1956, Courier Dover Publications.  Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory & Statistical thermodynamics, F.W.Sears & G.L.Salinger. 1988, Narosa  University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole. PHYSICS LAB-DSC 3 LAB: THERMAL PHYSICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS 1. To determine Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, J, by Callender and Barne’s constant flow method. 2. Measurement of Planck’s constant using black body radiation. 3. To determine Stefan’s Constant.  4. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper by Searle’s Apparatus. 5. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cu by Angstrom’s Method. 6. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and Charlton’s disc method. 7. To determine the temperature co-efficient of resistance by Platinum resistance thermometer. 8. To study the variation of thermo emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with temperature. 9. To record and analyze the cooling temperature of an hot object as a function of time using a thermocouple and suitable data acquisition system 10. To calibrate Resistance Temperature Device (RTD) using Null Method/Off-Balance Bridge Reference Books:  Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint & H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House.  Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers  A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition, 2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.  A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate Classes, D.P.Khandelwal, 1985, Vani Publication. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Skill Enhancement Course (SEC-I) ( Semester –III or IV or V) ELECTRONICS –I (Network Theorems,Solid state Devices, Rectifiers and Filters) Network analysis and Network Theorem Kirchhoff’s Law, Series parallel corrections, Network Theorems, Superposition, Reciprocity, Theremins, Norton’s Maximum power, Transfer Theorem, Low pass and High pass filters, Four terminal Network, Electronic Measuring Instruments: VTVM,CRO. Solid State Devices Electronics Devices: General idea of Diode, Triode, Tetrode, Pentode and their characteristics, intrinsic and extrinsic n-type and p-type semiconductors, P-N junction, Semiconductor junction diode, point contact, Zener, varactor, Tunnel diode , Photodiode, Light emitting diode, Junction Transistors, Transistor operation, characteristic Curves, common emitter, common base and common collector configurations, current amplification, Field effect transistor. Rectifiers and Filters HW,FW and bridge rectifiers, Filter circuits(Series L, Shunt C.L-Section-II).Unregulated PS Regulated PS Voltage regulation by Zener diode, Voltage multiplier, Binary ,Decimal, Hexadecimal and Octal number systems and interconversions, BCD, Elementary idea of logic gate and Boolean algebra.  Semester IV PHYSICS-DSC 4: WAVES AND OPTICS (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Superposition of Two Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity and Superposition Principle. (1) Oscillations having equal frequencies and (2) Oscillations having different frequencies (Beats). (4 Lectures) Superposition of Two Perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations: Graphical and Analytical Methods. Lissajous Figures (1:1 and 1:2) and their uses. (2 Lectures) Waves Motion- General: Transverse waves on a string. Travelling and standing waves on a string. Normal Modes of a string. Group velocity, Phase velocity. Plane waves. Spherical waves, Wave intensity. (7 Lectures) Oscillations: Simple harmonic motion. Differential equation of SHM and its solutions. Kinetic and Potential Energy, Total Energy and their time averages. Damped oscillations. (6 Lectures) Sound: Simple harmonic motion - forced vibrations and resonance - Fourier’s Theorem - Application to saw tooth wave and square wave - Intensity and loudness of sound - Decibels - Intensity levels - musical notes - musical scale. Acoustics of buildings: Reverberation and time of reverberation - Absorption coefficient - Sabine’s formula - measurement of reverberation time - Acoustic aspects of halls and auditoria. (6 Lectures) Wave Optics: Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and Properties of wave front. Huygens Principle. (3 Lectures) Interference: Interference: Division of amplitude and division of wavefront. Young’s Double Slit experiment. Lloyd’s Mirror and Fresnel’s Biprism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes’ treatment. Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge- shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton’s Rings: measurement of wavelength and refractive index. (10 Lectures) Michelson’s Interferometer: (1) Idea of form of fringes (no theory needed), (2) Determination of wavelength,(3) Wavelength difference,(4) Refractive index, (5) Visibility of fringes. (3 Lectures) Diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit; Double Slit. Multiple slits & Diffraction grating. Fresnel Diffraction: Half-period zones. Zone plate. Fresnel Diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit and a wire using half-period zone analysis. (14 Lectures) Polarization: Transverse nature of light waves. Plane polarized light – production and analysis. Circular and elliptical polarization. (5 Lectures) Reference Books:   Fundamentals of Optics, F A Jenkins and H E White, 1976, McGraw-Hill  Principles of Optics, B.K. Mathur, 1995, Gopal Printing  Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publication  UniversityPhysics.FWSears,MWZemanskyandHDYoung13/e, 1986.Addison- Wesley ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHYSICS LAB-DSC 4 LAB: WAVES AND OPTICS 60 Lectures 1. To investigate the motion of coupled oscillators 2. To determine the Frequency of an Electrically Maintained Tuning Fork by Melde’s Experiment and to verify λ2 – T Law. 3. To study Lissajous Figures 4. Familiarization with Schuster`s focussing; determination of angle of prism. 5. To determine the Coefficient of Viscosity of water by Capillary Flow Method (Poiseuille’s method). 6. To determine the Refractive Index of the Material of a given Prism using Sodium Light. 7. To determine Dispersive Power of the Material of a given Prism using Mercury Light 8. To determine the value of Cauchy Constants of a material of a prism. 9. To determine the Resolving Power of a Prism. 10. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism. 11. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s Rings. 12. To determine the wavelength of Laser light using Diffraction of Single Slit. 13. To determine wavelength of (1) Sodium & (2) Mercury light using plane diffraction Grating 14. To determine the Resolving Power of a Plane Diffraction Grating. 15. To measure the intensity using photosensor and laser in diffraction patterns of single and double slits. Reference Books:  Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint & H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House.  Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers  A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition, 2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Discipline Specific Elective Paper PHYSICS- DSE: ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Planck’s quantum, Planck’s constant and light as a collection of photons; Photo-electric effect and Compton scattering. De Broglie wavelength and matter waves; Davisson- Germer experiment. (8 Lectures) Problems with Rutherford model- instability of atoms and observation of discrete atomic spectra; Bohr's quantization rule and atomic stability; calculation of energy levels for hydrogen like atoms and their spectra. (4 Lectures) Position measurement- gamma ray microscope thought experiment; Wave-particle duality, Heisenberg uncertainty principle- impossibility of a particle following a trajectory; Estimating minimum energy of a confined particle using uncertainty principle; Energy-time uncertainty principle. (4 Lectures) Two slit interference experiment with photons, atoms and particles; linear superposition principle as a consequence; Matter waves and wave amplitude; Schrodinger equation for non-relativistic particles; Momentum and Energy operators; stationary states; physical interpretation of wavefunction, probabilities and normalization; Probability and probability current densities in one dimension. 11 Lectures) One dimensional infinitely rigid box- energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, normalization; Quantum dot as an example; Quantum mechanical scattering and tunnelling in one dimension - across a step potential and across a rectangular potential barrier. (12 Lectures) Size and structure of atomic nucleus and its relation with atomic weight; Impossibility of an electron being in the nucleus as a consequence of the uncertainty principle. Nature of nuclear force, NZ graph, semi-empirical mass formula and binding energy. (6 Lectures) Radioactivity: stability of nucleus; Law of radioactive decay; Mean life & half-life; decay;  decay - energy released, spectrum and Pauli's prediction of neutrino; - ray emission. (11 Lectures) Fission and fusion - mass deficit, relativity and generation of energy; Fission - nature of fragments and emission of neutrons. Nuclear reactor: slow neutrons interacting with Uranium 235; Fusion and thermonuclear reactions. (4 Lectures) Reference Books:  Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 2009, McGraw-Hill  Modern Physics, John R.Taylor, Chris D.Zafiratos, Michael A.Dubson,2009, PHI Learning  Six Ideas that Shaped Physics:Particle Behave like Waves, Thomas A. Moore, 2003, McGraw Hill  Quantum Physics, Berkeley Physics Course Vol.4. E.H. Wichman, 2008, Tata McGraw-Hill Co.  Modern Physics, R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses, and C.A.Moyer, 2005, Cengage Learning PRACTICALS -DSE-1 LAB: ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS 1. To determine value of Boltzmann constant using V-I characteristic of PN diode. 1. To determine work function of material of filament of directly heated vacuum  diode. 2. To determine value of Planck’s constant using LEDs of at least 4 different colours. 3. To determine the ionization potential of mercury. 4. To determine the wavelength of H-alpha emission line of Hydrogen atom. 5. To determine the absorption lines in the rotational spectrum of Iodine vapour. 6. To study the diffraction patterns of single and double slits using laser source and measure its intensity variation using Photosensor and compare with incoherent source – Na light. 7. Photo-electric effect: photo current versus intensity and wavelength of light; maximum energy of photo-electrons versus frequency of light 8. To determine the value of e/m by magnetic focusing. 9. To setup the Millikan oil drop apparatus and determine the charge of an electron. Reference Books:  Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint & H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House.  Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers  A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition, 2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHYSICS-DSE: SOLID STATE PHYSICS (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Crystal Structure: Solids: Amorphous and Crystalline Materials. Lattice Translation Vectors. Lattice with a Basis – Central and Non-Central Elements. Unit Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal Lattice. Types of Lattices. Brillouin Zones. Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals. Bragg’s Law. Atomic and Geometrical Factor. (12 Lectures) Elementary Lattice Dynamics: Lattice Vibrations and Phonons: Linear Monoatomic and Diatomic Chains. Acoustical and Optical Phonons. Qualitative Description of the Phonon Spectrum in Solids. Dulong and Petit’s Law, Einstein and Debye theories of specific heat of solids. T3 law (10 Lectures) Magnetic Properties of Matter: Dia-, Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials. Classical Langevin Theory of dia – and Paramagnetic Domains. Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Paramagnetism. Curie’s law, Weiss’s Theory of Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic Domains. Discussion of B-H Curve. Hysteresis and Energy Loss. (12 Lectures) Dielectric Properties of Materials: Polarization. Local Electric Field at an Atom. Depolarization Field. Electric Susceptibility. Polarizability. Clausius Mosotti Equation. Classical Theory of Electric Polarizability. Normal and Anomalous Dispersion. Cauchy and Sellmeir relations. Langevin-Debye equation. Complex Dielectric Constant. Optical Phenomena. Application: Plasma Oscillations, Plasma Frequency, Plasmons. (10 Lectures) Elementary band theory: Kronig Penny model. Band Gaps. Conductors, Semiconductors and insulators. P and N type Semiconductors. Conductivity of Semiconductors, mobility, Hall Effect, Hall coefficient. (10 Lectures) Superconductivity: Experimental Results. Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field. Meissner effect. Type I and type II Superconductors, London’s Equation and Penetration Depth. Isotope effect. (6 Lectures) Reference Books:  Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, 8th Ed., 2004, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.  Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Ed., 2006, Prentice-Hall of India  Introduction to Solids, Leonid V. Azaroff, 2004, Tata Mc-Graw Hill  Solid State Physics, Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin, 1976, Cengage Learning  Solid-state Physics, H.Ibach and H Luth, 2009, Springer  Elementary Solid State Physics, 1/e M. Ali Omar, 1999, Pearson India  Solid State Physics, M.A. Wahab, 2011, Narosa Publications ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRACTICALS-DSE LAB: SOLID STATE PHYSICS 1. Measurement of susceptibility of paramagnetic solution (Quinck`s Tube Method) 2. To measure the Magnetic susceptibility of Solids. 3. To determine the Coupling Coefficient of a Piezoelectric crystal. 4. To measure the Dielectric Constant of a dielectric Materials with frequency 5. To determine the complex dielectric constant and plasma frequency of metal using Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) 6. To determine the refractive index of a dielectric layer using SPR 7. To study the PE Hysteresis loop of a Ferroelectric Crystal. 8. To draw the BH curve of iron using a Solenoid and determine the energy loss from Hysteresis. 9. To measure the resistivity of a semiconductor (Ge) crystal with temperature by four- probe method (from room temperature to 150 oC) and to determine its band gap. 10. To determine the Hall coefficient of a semiconductor sample. Reference Books  Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House.  Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers  A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi  Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Ed., 2006, Prentice-Hall of PHYSICS-DSE: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures The emphasis of the course is on applications in solving problems of interest to physicists. The students are to be examined entirely on the basis of problems, seen and unseen. Calculus of functions of more than one variable: Partial derivatives, exact and inexact differentials. Integrating factor, with simple illustration. Constrained Maximization using Lagrange Multipliers. (6 Lectures) Fourier Series: Periodic functions. Orthogonality of sine and cosine functions, Dirichlet Conditions (Statement only). Expansion of periodic functions in a series of sine and cosine functions and determination of Fourier coefficients. Complex representation of Fourier series. Expansion of functions with arbitrary period. Expansion of non-periodic functions over an interval. Even and odd functions and their Fourier expansions. Application. Summing of Infinite Series. (10 Lectures) Frobenius Method and Special Functions: Singular Points of Second Order Linear Differential Equations and their importance. Frobenius method and its applications to differential equations. Legendre, Bessel, Hermite and Laguerre Differential Equations. Properties of Legendre Polynomials: Rodrigues Formula, Orthogonality. Simple recurrence relations. (16 Lectures) Some Special Integrals: Beta and Gamma Functions and Relation between them. Expression of Integrals in terms of Gamma Functions. Error Function (Probability Integral). (4 Lectures) Partial Differential Equations: Solutions to partial differential equations, using separation of variables: Laplace's Equation in problems of rectangular, cylindrical and spherical symmetry. (10 Lectures) Complex Analysis: Brief Revision of Complex Numbers and their Graphical Representation. Euler's formula, De Moivre's theorem, Roots of Complex Numbers. Functions of Complex Variables. Analyticity and Cauchy-Riemann Conditions. Examples of analytic functions. Singular functions: poles and branch points, order of singularity, branch cuts. Integration of a function of a complex variable. Cauchy's Inequality. Cauchy’s Integral formula. (14 Lectures) Reference Books:  Mathematical Methods for Physicists: Arfken, Weber, 2005, Harris, Elsevier.  Fourier Analysis by M.R. Spiegel, 2004, Tata McGraw-Hill.  Mathematics for Physicists, Susan M. Lea, 2004, Thomson Brooks/Cole.  An Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations, Earl A Coddington, 1961, PHI Learning.  Differential Equations, George F. Simmons, 2006, Tata McGraw-Hill.   Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers, S.J. Farlow, 1993, Dover Publications.  Mathematical methods for Scientists and Engineers, D.A. McQuarrie, 2003, Viva Books. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -----PRACTICALS -DSE LAB: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS The aim of this course is not just to teach computer programming and numerical analysis but to emphasize its role in solving problems in Physics.  Highlights the use of computational methods to solve physical problems  Use of computer language as a tool in solving physics problems (applications)  The course will consist of lectures (both theory and practical) in the Computer Lab  Evaluation done not on the programming but on the basis of formulating the problem  Aim at teaching students to construct the computational problem to be solved  Students can use anyone operating system Linux or Microsoft Windows Topics Description with Applications Introduction and Overview Computer architecture and organization, memory and Input/output devices Basics of scientific computing Binary and decimal arithmetic, Floating point numbers, algorithms, Sequence, Selection and Repetition, single and double precision arithmetic, underflow & overflow- emphasize the importance of making equations in terms of dimensionless variables, Iterative methods Errors and error Analysis Truncation and round off errors, Absolute and relative errors, Floating point computations. Introduction to Programming, constants, variables and data types, operators and Expressions, I/O statements, scanf and printf, c in and c out, Manipulators for data formatting, Control statements (decision making and Review of C & C++ Programming looping statements) (If-‐statement. If-‐else fundamentals Statement. Nested if Structure. Else-‐if Statement. Ternary Operator. Goto Statement. Switch Statement. Unconditional and Conditional Looping. While-Loop. Do-While Loop. FOR Loop. Break and Continue Statements. Nested Loops), Arrays (1D&2D) and strings, user defined functions, Structures and Unions, Idea of classes and objects  Programs: Sum & average of a list of numbers, largest of a given list of numbers and its location in the list, sorting of numbers in ascending-descending order, Binary search Random number generation Area of circle, area of square, volume of sphere, value of π Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Solution of linear and quadratic equation, solving equations by Bisection, Newton Raphson tanI [(Sin)/]2 in optics and Secant methods Interpolation by Newton Gregory Forward Evaluation of trigonometric functions e.g. sin θ, cos θ, tan and Backward difference formula, Error θ, etc. estimation of linear interpolation Numerical differentiation (Forward and Given Position with equidistant time data to calculate Backward difference formula) and velocity and acceleration and vice-versa. Find the area of Integration (Trapezoidal a n d Simpson B-H Hysteresis loop rules), Monte Carlo method Reference Books:  Introduction to Numerical Analysis, S.S. Sastry, 5thEdn., 2012, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.  Schaum's Outline of Programming with C++. J.Hubbard, 2 0 0 0 , McGraw-‐Hill Publications.  Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, W.H. Pressetal., 3 rd Edn., 2007, Cambridge University Press.  A first course in Numerical Methods, Uri M. Ascher and Chen Greif, 2012, PHI Learning  Elementary Numerical Analysis, K.E.Atkinson,3 r d E d n. , 2 0 0 7 , Wiley India Edition.  Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, R.W. Hamming, 1973, Courier Dover Pub.  An Introduction to Computational Physics, T.Pang, 2 nd Edn., 2006, Cambridge Univ. Press ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHYSICS-DSE: QUANTUM MECHANICS (Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) Theory: 60 Lectures Time dependent Schrodinger equation: Time dependent Schrodinger equation and dynamical evolution of a quantum state; Properties of Wave Function. Interpretation of Wave Function Probability and probability current densities in three dimensions; Conditions for Physical Acceptability of Wave Functions. Normalization. Linearity and Superposition Principles. Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions. Position, momentum & Energy operators; commutator of position and momentum operators; Expectation values of position and momentum. Wave Function of a Free Particle. (6 Lectures) Time independent Schrodinger equation-Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy eigenvalues; expansion of an arbitrary wavefunction as a linear combination of energy eigenfunctions; General solution of the time dependent Schrodinger equation in terms of linear combinations of stationary states; Application to the spread of Gaussian wavepacket for a free particle in one dimension; wave packets, Fourier transforms and momentum space wavefunction; Position-momentum uncertainty principle. (10 Lectures) General discussion of bound states in an arbitrary potential- continuity of wave function, boundary condition and emergence of discrete energy levels; application to one-dimensional problem- square well potential; Quantum mechanics of simple harmonic oscillator-energy levels and energy eigenfunctions using Frobenius method. (12 Lectures) Quantum theory of hydrogen-like atoms: time independent Schrodinger equation in spherical polar coordinates; separation of variables for the second order partial differential equation; angular momentum operator and quantum numbers; Radial wavefunctions from Frobenius method; Orbital angular momentum quantum numbers l and m; s, p, d,.. shells (idea only) (10 Lectures) Atoms in Electric and Magnetic Fields:- Electron Angular Momentum. Space Quantization. Electron Spin and Spin Angular Momentum. Larmor’s Theorem. Spin Magnetic Moment. Stern-Gerlach Experiment. Zeeman Effect: Electron Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Energy, Gyromagnetic Ratio and Bohr Magneton. (8 Lectures) Atoms in External Magnetic Fields:- Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect. (4 Lectures) Many electron atoms:- Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. Symmetric and Antisymmetric Wave Functions. Periodic table. Fine structure. Spin orbit coupling. Spectral Notations for Atomic States. Total Angular Momentum. Vector Model. Spin-orbit coupling in atoms-L-S and J-J couplings. (10 Lectures) Reference Books:  A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, P.M.Mathews & K.Venkatesan, 2nd Ed., 2010, McGraw Hill  Quantum Mechanics, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, 2ndEdn., 2002, Wiley.  Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rdEdn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill.  Quantum Mechanics, G. Aruldhas, 2ndEdn. 2002, PHI Learning of India.  Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett Learning.  Quantum Mechanics for Scientists & Engineers, D.A.B. Miller, 2008, Cambridge University Press Additional Books for Reference  Quantum Mechanics, Eugen Merzbacher, 2004, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.  Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffith, 2nd Ed. 2005, Pearson Education  Quantum Mechanics, Walter Greiner, 4thEdn., 2001, Springer ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRACTICAL-DSE LAB: QUANTUM MECHANICS Use C/C++/Scilab for solving the problems based on Quantum Mechanics and Laboratory based experiments: 1. Study of Electron spin resonance- determine magnetic field! as a function of the resonance frequency 2. Study of Zeeman effect: with external magnetic field; Hyperfine splitting 3. To study the quantum tunnelling effect with solid state device, e.g. tunnelling  current in backward diode or tunnel diode. Reference Books:  Schaum's Outline of Programming with C++. J.Hubbard, 2 0 0 0 , McGraw-‐Hill Publications.  Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, W.H.Press et al., 3 rd Edn., 2007, Cambridge University Press.  Elementary Numerical Analysis, K.E.Atkinson, 3 r d E d n. , 2 0 0 7 , Wiley India Edition.   Simulation of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB®, OCTAVE and SCILAB: Scientific and Engineering Applications: A. Vande Wouwer, P. Saucez, C. V. Fernández.2014 Springer ISBN: 978-3319067896  Scilab by example: M. Affouf2012ISBN: 978-1479203444  Scilab (A Free Software to Matlab): H. Ramchandran, A.S. Nair. 2011 S. Chand and Company, New Delhi ISBN: 978-8121939706  Scilab Image Processing: Lambert M. Surhone. 2010Betascript Publishing ISBN: 978- 6133459274A  Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rdEdn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill.  Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett Learning. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Skill Enhancement Course (SEC-II) ( Semester –VI) ELECTRONICS-II (Amplifiers and Oscillators) Transistor Amplifier Classification, Basic Amplifier, Load Line, Transistor biasing, Transistor equivalent circuit (h-Parameter). Single stage transistor amplifier,(common emitter, common base) FET amplifier, R.C coupled transistor amplifier, Impedance coupled and Transformer coupled amplifier, Noise and distortion in amplifiers, Power amplifiers(Class A Push pull class B and class C) Decibel, Frequency response bandwidth. Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators Classification, Negative feedback and its advantages, Feedback amplifiers(Voltage and current)Positive feedback oscillators(RC phase shift and Wein bridge, Hartley, Colpit, tuned collector, tuned base)Oscillator, Negative resistance(tuned diode oscillator),Crystal oscillators, Stability, Relaxation oscillators-Multivibrators (astable , monostable and bistable ).