Computer Usage and Android Application PDF

# Computer Usage and Android Application ## 9.1 Introduction to MS-Office The full form of MS-office is Microsoft office which is a famous software. It includes Microsoft word, Microsoft excel and Microsoft power point. Now a days, it is so much popular Microsoft that every person has the knowledg...

# Computer Usage and Android Application ## 9.1 Introduction to MS-Office The full form of MS-office is Microsoft office which is a famous software. It includes Microsoft word, Microsoft excel and Microsoft power point. Now a days, it is so much popular Microsoft that every person has the knowledge of this software. ## 9.2 MS-Word The page is opened as "doc" which is the extension of Doc files. In this page anything could be written and saved as text documents. It was first released in 1983. It can create documents, resumes and letters. It has the access that includes grammar check, checking of spelling of the word, font size, spacing can be adjusted and have different font formatting. Each application which are included in MS office require specific knowledge as they all have different use and role in the system. The Microsoft office can be categorized into 6 different classes: - Microsoft Word - It can create text documents. - Microsoft Excel - It can create data with different calculations and contains different spread sheets. - Microsoft Power Point – It can create professional multimedia presentations. - Microsoft Access – It can create database management. - Microsoft Publisher – It can create and publish materials. - Microsoft One Note - It can create an organized notes. There are simple steps to work on MS word. Click on start → Select MS office → MS Word → Double click on the icon and → program is open → Showing a 'New Document' page → Write what you want → Save as → Name the document as desired. Microsoft office is a suite of desktop productivity applications. There are 35 different languages which are supported by windows, Mac and Linux. ## 9.3 Features of Microsoft Word Any instructions can be processed only when there is selection of the particular word or sentence or paragraph. As, it can be visualized in the figure that there is different menu given on the Microsoft word page. It includes Home, Insert, Page Layout, References, Mailings, Review and View. - **Home** From the Home menu, the user can cut, copy and paste by giving instructions, for example, if you have to cut a line or word then first you have to select that particular line or word and then press the key ctrl + X. For Copy ctrl + C, paste – ctrl + V. In the same way other processes like change in font, color, size, alignment, spacing, bullets, number, etc., are given. - **Insert** From the insert menu anything like table, chart, images, equations, symbols, shapes headers, footers & page numbers can the inserted. - **Page Layout** From this menu page can be given an orientation either of portrait or in Landscape. - **Design** From this menu user can design the page according to the need of the matter of the given document. - **References** From this menu user can create a footnote, table of contents, caption, Bibliography and citations of different texts used in the document. - **Review** From this menu, as the name suggests, user can re-view their content. If there is no spelling/ grammar mistake. It provides the second chance of correction whether the document has any error or not. ## 9.4 Uses of Microsoft Word - It can create write-ups, resumes, records, class-records or letters to person. - It is one of the simplest tool for making notes by inserting various images, table, graphs etc. - It has separate choices for table of contents, bibliography, etc. ## 9.5 MS Word Terminologies 1. **Drag and Drop.** A smart approach by which some matter is copied and the transferred to a shorter distance. 2. **Word Art.** It is used to create different graphic image / designing. 3. **Header.** A feature that can create a top section of the page as header. 4. **Footer.** A feature that can create a line at the bottom of the page. 5. **Footnotes.** It can be used to write any comment or reference of the particular page _content. 6. **End notes.** It can be used at the end of the word document. It may be in the form of comment or reference of the document. 7. **Indent.** A feature which allows the temporary left or right margins for the paragraph. 8. **Page Break.** The spot in a document where one page ends and the other starts. 9. **Page orientation.** A feature that can create page orientation whether it could be in landscape or portrait, In landscape the page is wider than its length. While in case of portrait, the page is lower than its width, e.g., - A4 size paper. 10. **Font size.** It can create different font size as per the requirement of the content or publisher or for a research paper/article. 11. **Toolbar.** A feature which is used to format character and paragraph such as alignment nd type styles, etc. ## 9.6 MS-PPT (Microsoft Power Point Presentations) It is a presentation which was created by using Microsoft power point software. The presentation It is a pration of different individual slides that contains information on particular topic. For example, 'Introduction slide' contains information regarding the introduction of a given topic. It can be used to perform or create audiovisual based presentations. It is mostly used in offices for presentation, school and colleges for teaching or training of a particular area or topic. The system already have some preloaded themes from which a user can select the type of slides user wants. A user have various options like to insert any graph, table or any figure. User can use different animations and it can perform slide slow option for presentation. ## 9.7 Features of Power Point Presentation. 1. It is one of the easiest and accessible method to create and present visual aids. 2. It is an interesting and appealing way for graphical user to create useful and informative document in a presentable manner. 3. It also helps to improve audience focus for a given topic as they can both, visualize and hear it too. 4. It supports and encourages in various fields of the work like in offices, training institutes and schools and colleges. ## 9.8 Introduction to MS-Excel It is a data processing application in which many spreadsheets are preloaded that consists of grids in the form of rows and columns which is easy to manage. A large number of data can be easily managed and solved in tabular format using MS-Excel. It can be used to organize, calculate and analyze data as it has property to insert, delete a number of cells with different data. The cells can be selected and 'formulas' can be applied and excel used to calculate in a minute of time a large number of data. There are some features which are specific to excel sheet and are given below: - **Autoformat.** A user can choose preloaded format which could be autoformatted by - Autosum. It helps the user to autosum a number of data of cells in a few seconds. - Autofill. It helps the user to autofill the extended cells formatting in a list. - Autoshapes. It helps the user to draw preloaded autoshapes on their your own. - Autoaverage. It helps the user to make autoaverage of selected cells for a number of data. - Automax. It helps the user to make automax of selected cells. - Automin. It helps the user to make automin of selected cells. - **Drag and drop.** This features will help the user to drag and drop the cells from one place to another. - **Charts.** It helps the user to draw different types of charts like Pie, Bar and line charts, area, scatter, columns etc. - **Average.** It helps the user to take average of a selected cells by putting formula for a number of cells. ## 9.9 Data Entry It is the process by which data or information can be entered into the computer using keyboard, scanner, etc. It is a simple process of transcription of data from one form into other keybo enter data easily by the following process: If a user is not expert of computer or technical expert of the subject even though the user can enter data easily by the following process: - Knowledge of operating a computer. - Basic of Microsoft office program. - Basic communication skills in English. - Basic online searching skills. - Good typing speed. The simplest and best example of data entry is MS-Excel. In excel sheet a large number of data can be entered and processed for the result or summarize it in tabular, graphical form whatever is required for the given entered data. ## 9.10 Graphs The graph is a collection of data items called vertices connected through edges. A vertex stores some kind of data and an edge represents connection between a pair of vertices. A vertex is referred to as 'node' or ‘point' whereas an edge is called as 'arc'. For example, a graph 'G' is defined as a set of vertices and edge i.e., V, E Where V = set of vertices E = set of edges So, a graph is nothing but only the pictorial representation of a set of data using a diagram.. It may be of different shapes like rectangle, oval or circle. As, large amount of data represented in numerical form can be tedious to understand. Thus, through graphs pictorial representation help in facilitate easy understanding of data. The important common and useful graphs in day to day life are as follows: Line graph, Bar graph, Pie graph, etc. ## 9.11 Application of Graphs 1. Graphs are widely used in business in slides, marketing, etc. 2. Graphs are also used in business in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, Computer Science, etc. 3. The graphs are used to plan their monthly budget. 4. The graphs are also useful in Research and laboratories. ## 9.12 Aggregate Function In a database an aggregate function is a function where the values of multiple rows are grouped database agregate function is a fune single value. Various aggregate functions are given below: 1. **Count** 2. **Min** 3. **Max** 4. **Sum** 5. **Avg** Suppose, the data set is given below: | S. No. | Name of Student | Marks | |---|---|---| | 1 | Anurag | 50 | | 2 | Bhawna | 60 | | 3 | Chaitanya | 70 | | 4 | Dinesh | 60 | | 5 | Esha | NULL (Not available) | 1. **Count ()** - Count *. It returns the total number of records for the above data set which will be 5. - Count (marks). It returns the numbers of records which have non-null values i.e., is marks available in the data set. Hence, here the result will be 4 as for the 5th student marks are not available. - Count (Distant marks). This function returns the number of records with non-duplicate values. Hence here the result will be 3. 2. **Min () - Min (marks)** This function will return the value 50 for the given set of data. 3. **Max () - Max (marks)** This function will return the value 70 for the given set of data. 4. **Sum ()** - sum (marks). This function will return the value 240 for the given set of data. - sum (distinct marks). This function will return the value 180 for the given set of data as it considers only non-repetitive/ unique data. 5. **Avg ()** - Avg (marks). This function will return values as 60 (240/4). Here only the non-null values of marks and non-null number of rows are being considered in this function. ## 9.13 Formulas and Functions Formulas are set of expression that calculate the result of the cells in a single value. By putting the values in a formula a user can get the result in a single value. It is very useful method to use a formula and calculate the result in a few second. To enter a formula in an excel sheet, following steps have been taken: - Select a cell - In an excel sheet when formula has used then type an equal sign (=) - For example, type the formula select Al cell + A2 | | A | B | C | D | E | F | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | | | | | | | | 2 | | | | | | | | 3 | | | x | fx | | = (A1 + A2) | ### Functions Functions are predefined formulas which are already available in Excel. It contains inbuilt functions like SUM, AVERAGE, IF, HYPERLINK, COUNT, MAX, SIN etc. For example, enter a SUM function which calculates the sum of the range Al and A2 cell. To insert a function, the following steps have been taken: - Select a cell - Click on the function button which is denoted by fx. - From the search bar select the 'SUM' function. - then make an equal (=) sign then 'SUM' function then select the cell which user want to 'SUM'. Execute the process step-wise: | | A | B | C | D | E | F | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | | | | | | x | fx | | | | | | | | = SUM(A1: A2) | ## 9.14 Number System A number system is a way of representing numbers. In Mathematics, there are whole numbers and real numbers but in context with computers the number system includes only digits from 0 to 9. There are four different types of number system in computers. ## 9.15 Decimal Number System In this number system the digits only from 0 to 9 represents numbers. As it uses 10 as the base number means the value of the position increased by 10 times as according to their position. For example, let us consider three numbers 247, 324 and 562 to understand decimal number system for the value of 2. - In 247 - The value of 2 is hundred mean 200 or 2 × 100 or 2 × 102 - In 324 - The value of 2 is tens mean 20 or 2 × 10 or 2 × 101 - In 562 - The value of 2 is units mean 2 or 2 × 1 or 2 × 100 ## 9.16 Binary Number System In Binary number system there is only 2 digits i.e., '0' and '1' as the name suggests 'Bi' means 2. So, it is a number system that uses only two types of digits i.e., 0 and 1. Here the base number is 2. 'On' is represented as 1 and 'off' as 0. Each binary digit is also called a bit. It is also a positional value system where each digit has a value expressed in powers of 2. | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | | | | | | | (MSB) | | | | | | | | (LSB) | | | | | | | | (Least Significant Bit) | | | | | | | | (Most Significant Bit) | In case of binary, the positional value was given to each digit. For example, if the value in binary is 110102 then it can have the positional value as below: 110102 = 1×24 + 1× 23+0 × 22 + 1 x 21 + 0 + 20 = 16+8+0+2+0 = 2610 In computer system there is storage of memory which is measured in bits. Here are some conversions given below: - 1 byte (B) = 8 bits - 1 kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes - 1 Megabytes (MB) = 1024 KB - 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB ## 9.17 Octal Number System In Octal Number system, there is 8 digits starting from 0 to 7 (ie., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). As the name suggests 'Octa' means 8 so it contains 8 digits including '0' also. Here the base number is 8. It is also a positional value system where each digit has a value expressed in powers of 8. ## 9.18 Hexadecimal Number System Hexadecimal consists hexa mean 6 and decimal means 10. Hence, hexadecimal number system represents 16 number as their base and 16 symbols include 0 to 9 and A to F. In hexadecimal number system 10 represents as A and 11 as B and so on till F. | Decimal Number | Hexadecimal Number | |---|---| | 10 | A | | 11 | B | | 12 | C | | 13 | D | | 14 | E | | 15 | F | It is also a positional value system where each digit has a value expressed in powers of 16 as given below: 165 164 163 162 161 160 For example, if the value in hexadecimal number is 16BE16 then it can have the positional value as below: (16BE)16 = 1 x 163+6 × 162 + 11 × 161 + 14 × 160 = 4096+1536+176+14 = (5822)10 ## 9.19 Conversion Devices Conversion devices are used to transmit and receive data between incompatible devices in regard to computing system. These are also termed as adapters.. An adapter alters the input in such a way that a compatible connection is established between the components of a system. Some of the common known adapters are USB adapters, network adapters, Graphics card and Video adapters. A USB adapter (Universal Serial Bus) helps transmission of data to and from keyboard, mouse, printers, etc. A network adapter is used to connect a computer to a network and is also termed as Ethernet cord / Wireless / USB network adapter. A video adapter or Graphics card is used the for display of text and graphics on the display device (monitor) by connecting the data into electrical signals. ## 9.20 Secondary Storage Devices A storage device is an integral part of computer which store data. The storage devices in computer are of two types- primary storage devices and secondary storage devices. The primary storage is also known as main storage memory. The common examples of primary storage devices is RAM (Random access memory), graphic card memory and cache memory. It has short-term memory storage and volatile means its content are lost when computer is switched off. While secondary storage is non-volatile and long-term storage. | Storage device | | Secondary Storage device | |---|---|---| | Primary Storage device | It may be of three types. | | | RAM | | Solid state storage - USB | | Graphic card | | Optical storage - CD, DVD | | Cache memory | | Magetic storage - Hard disk | 1. **Solid State Storage.** It is made from a solid like silicon microchips and has no moving parts as it is made up of solid. It is more portable and an ideal medium for many devices which are now in trend such as tablets, smart phones and digital cameras, e.g., - USB. 2. **Optical Devices.** It is made from metal and plastic. The disc surface is divided into tracks. The flat areas are known as lands and hollow as pits, e.g., CD and DVDs. 3. **Magnetic Devices.** It is a ribbon of plastic-like material coated with a thin layer of iron oxide. It is fairly cheap and high in capacity and durability. A magnetized section represents a binary '1' and a demagnetized section represents a binary '0'. ### Significance of Secondary Storage Devices The common uses for secondary storage devices include: - Long-term data storage - Portable Storage space and devices - Data backups - Non-volatile data - Disaster recovery ## 9.21 GPS Tagging The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation system primarily used in military applications. In this positions can be defined by the use of satellites that are orbiting the earth. The satellite consists of an atomic clock which is attached with a computer and a radio and used to broadcast the current time and location. A GPS device determines the distance from each satellite and on the basis of the distance from each satellite and on the basis of the distance it determines a specific location. GPS tagging is the process of adding latitude and longitude coordinates along with timestamp and some additional information regarding geographical information of a location to a digital map. ## 9.22 Advantages and Disadvantages of GPS Tagging GPS tagging is advantageous in the implementation of 'Pradhanmantri Awas Yojna' in the country. Geo tagging of the newly built houses under this scheme has been done to ensure that the houses for poor are built actually on ground and not only on papers. Thus, it has been helpful in eradicating corruption. The advantage of locating a place specifically turns into a disadvantage when it gets misused by criminal elements by physically tracking a location using GPS tagging information. ## 9.23 Plant Identification Apps There may be many species of plants which we may not readily identify. There are different plant identification apps which are helpful to identify the plants. There are various apps like Google lens, Planet Net, Plants nap, Picture this, Nature id, etc through which we can take the picture of the plant and it presents search results related to the plants. **Evaluate Yourself**