Biosafety Lecture (2) PDF

Biosafety BT (401) Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Hodhod Introduction to Biosafety and Risk Assessment “Biosafety practices and procedures associated with the use of biotechnological tools” Points preview Introduction. Biosafety practices. Biosafety proc...

Biosafety BT (401) Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Hodhod Introduction to Biosafety and Risk Assessment “Biosafety practices and procedures associated with the use of biotechnological tools” Points preview Introduction. Biosafety practices. Biosafety procedures. Assignment (1) guideline.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Introduction  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline 2020 https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1323419/retrieve  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  The first edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory biosafety manual was published in 1983. It encouraged countries to accept and implement basic concepts in biological safety and to develop national codes of practice for the safe handling of biological agents in laboratories.  The second and third editions of the Laboratory biosafety manual were published in 1993 and 2004 respectively. With each new version, WHO continues to provide international leadership on biosafety by addressing emerging issues, technologies and challenges, and providing guidance on best practice.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  The fourth edition of the WHO Laboratory biosafety manual (LBM4) adopts a risk- and evidence-based on transparent assessment of the risks, which allows safety measures to be balanced with the actual risk of working with biological agents on a case-by-case basis, rather than a prescriptive.  The manual focus is placed on the importance of a “safety culture” that incorporates Good Microbiological Practice and Procedure (GMPP) and risk assessment, in order to ensure the biosafety of personnel, laboratory, and the environment.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Good Microbiological Practice and Procedure (GMPP): “A basic laboratory code of practice applicable to all types of laboratory activities with biological agents, including general behaviors and aseptic techniques that should always be observed in the laboratory. This code serves to protect laboratory personnel and the community from infection, prevent contamination of the environment, and provide protection for the work materials in use”.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Biosafety practices  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Best practice “It describes behaviors that are essential to facilitate safe work environment and also to control biological risks”.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Core requirements “A set of minimum requirements for the best practices in biosafety that are necessary to work safely with biological agents (i.e., when the associated risks are minimal”.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples  Never store food or drink, or personal items such as coats and bags in the laboratory.  Activities such as eating, drinking, smoking, and applying cosmetics are only to be performed outside the laboratory.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples  Never put materials, such as pens, pencils or gum, in the mouth while inside the laboratory, regardless of whether gloves are worn or not.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples  Wash hands thoroughly, preferably with warm running water and soap, after handling biological material and/or animals, before leaving the laboratory or when hands are known or believed to be contaminated.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples  Ensure open flames or heat sources are never placed near flammable supplies and are never left unattended.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples  Ensure that cuts or broken skin are covered before entering the laboratory.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples  Before entering the laboratory, ensure that there are adequate supplies of laboratory equipment and consumables, including reagents, PPE and disinfectants, and that these items are suitable for the activities to be performed.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Personal protective equipment (PPE) “It refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection”.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples  Ensure that supplies are stored safely and according to storage instructions to reduce accidents and incidents such as spills, trips and falls.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples  Keep the work area tidy, clean and free of non-essential objects and materials.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Biosafety procedures  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Technical procedures “Is directly related to controlling risks through safe conduct of laboratory techniques. These technical procedures, when executed correctly, work will be performed in a manner that minimizes the likelihood of cross contamination, and also help prevent exposure of the laboratory personnel to biological agents”.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Concern 1) Avoiding inhalation of biological agents. 2) Avoiding ingestion of biological agents and contact with skin and eyes. 3) Avoiding injection of biological agents. 4) Preventing dispersal of biological agents.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples Use good techniques to minimize the formation of aerosols and droplets when manipulating specimens. This includes prevention of expelling substances from pipette tips into liquids, over- vigorous mixing, and carelessly flipping open tubes. If pipettes are used for mixing, it must be done slowly and with care. Brief centrifuging of mixed tubes before opening can help move any liquid away from the cap.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples Avoid introducing loops or similar instruments directly into an open heat source (flame) as this can cause spatter of infectious material. Where possible, use disposable transfer loops, or Alternatively, an enclosed electric microincinerator to sterilize metal transfer loops can also be effective.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples Wear disposable gloves at all times when handling specimens known or expected to contain biological agents. Disposable gloves must not be reused.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples Prohibit pipetting by mouth when handling specimens known or expected to contain biological agents.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples Minimize the risk associated with the use of syringes or needles by using blunt syringe needles.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples Use ampoule openers for safe handling of ampoules.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples Dispose of any sharps materials (for example, needles, needles combined with syringes, blades, broken glass) in puncture-proof or puncture-resistant containers fitted with sealed covers. Disposal containers must not be filled to its capacity (three-quarters full at most).  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples Discard specimens and cultures for disposal in leak-proof containers with tops appropriately secured before disposal in dedicated waste containers.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Examples When disinfectants are used, ensure the disinfectant is active against the agents being handled and is left in contact with waste materials for the appropriate time, according to the disinfectant being used.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Maximum containment measures “A set of highly detailed and stringent risk control that are considered necessary during laboratory work where a risk assessment indicates that the activities to be performed pose very high risks to laboratory personnel, the wider community and/or the environment, and therefore an extremely high level of protection must be provided”.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Operational working practices and procedures applied in a maximum containment measures laboratory.  A complete change of clothing and shoes is required before entering and on leaving the laboratory.  Personnel must be trained in emergency extraction procedures in the event of personnel injury or illness.  Working alone is not permitted.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  A method of communication for routine and emergency contacts must be established between personnel working in the maximum containment measures laboratory and support personnel outside the laboratory.  A method to visually monitor and record the activities of personnel working inside the laboratory must be implemented.  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Assignment (1) guideline  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline Stage 1 Source of Information (Articles, reviews, and books) Stage 2 Report writing Stage 3 Citation  Assignment Biosafety Biosafety Introduction (1) practices procedures guideline 1) Cover page. 2) Formatting and number of pages. 3) Biological agent. 4) Risk group category. 5) Biosafety level lab. 6) Method of safe containment. 7) Safe treatment and disposal. 8) The use of figures, tables and charts to support your report. 9) Citations. 10) Plagiarism. Thank you Any Question?!!!