BIO 106 L Practical #1 PDF

BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 1. Parts of a microscope 2. Some plants, like legumes, form a Mutualistic ____________________ relationship with bacteria that live inside thei...

BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 1. Parts of a microscope 2. Some plants, like legumes, form a Mutualistic ____________________ relationship with bacteria that live inside their root nodules. 3. What are ordinary sizes for bacteria? 0.5-10 micrometers 4. Which is gram positive and which is gram A) is gram positive negative? B) is gram negative 5. What is this? Rotifer 6. The arrow is indicating what cellular or- Chloroplast ganelle? 7. We viewed a slide of crossed threads to un- Comprehending depth of fo- derstand what function of the microscope? cus 1 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 8. What is the total magnification when look- 400 ing through a CSUN compound microscope on the 40x objective? 9. What does parfocal mean? once an image is in focus with one objective lens, it will be nearly in focus with all ob- jective lenses. 10. What domain includes organisms that live Archaea in very hot places like the one pictured above? 11. Give the structures in the red ovals and the Rotifer and corona kind of organism. 12. Putting your microscope away properly is 1. rotate to 4x objective be- something that every good biologist knows fore removing slide. how to do. The correct steps for microscope 2. reset condenser. storage are listed below. 3. minimize light. 4. off switch. 5. unplug and wrap cord. 6. cover. 13. Match the parts to their names. A) ocular B) objective 2 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms C) nosepiece D) side clip E) fine focus 14. What is the ecosystem function of the tiny Converting atmospheric ni- organisms living within these roots? trogen into useable nitrogen. 15. What is the total magnification of an ob- 400x ject using a 40x objective lens and looking through 10x ocular lenses? 16. Today we will be starting an experiment to - We will be using E. coli in follow the evolution of antibiotic resistance our experiment in bacteria. Select all of the following state- - Bacteria are ideal for exper- ments that are true. iments involving mutations and evolution because they have a fast generation time and it is easy to grow billions of cells in a small space. 17. All Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes; True their cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and lack complex organelles such as mito- chondria or chloroplasts. True or False. 18. What type of reproduction are certain ro- Obligate pathogenesis tifers (Bdelloidea) famous for? (asexual reproduction) 19. True 3 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms Although historically called blue-green al- gae, Cyanobacteria are not eukaryotic, and many biologists restrict the word 'algae' to photosynthetic eukaryotes other than the Land Plants. True or False. 20. How would you be able to appreciate an ob- Mentally integrating depth of ject's 3-dimensional structure when viewing focus using the fine focus it through your microscope? knob. 21. What is the name of these locomotory struc- Cilia tures that all members of the phylum pos- sess? 22. Archaea include organisms that are Thermophiles mesophiles, but also organisms we would call extremophiles. Name one sub-category of extremeophile that you read about in the lab manual. 23. Bacilli (rod-shaped) 24. Cocci (spherical shaped) 25. Spirilla (spiral shaped) 4 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 26. Scouring Rush 27. Moss 28. Liverwort 29. Cycad 30. Prokaryotes were the first organisms to True evolve (at least with forms that still survive). Fossils date back >3.5 billion years, and they were the only organisms on Earth for about 2 billion years thereafter. 5 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 31. Bacteria of various sorts may acquire ener- Chemoautotrophic gy from various sources. An organism that feeds on inorganic chemicals (not other or- ganisms) to run its metabolism is said to be... 32. The current classification system broadly Bacteria Archaea Eukarya defines three domains. What are they? (Do not include commas or other bits of punc- tuation, just names; do not include the word "domain", and make sure the names are the formal ones in Latin.) 33. Which antiseptic was most effective in P killing off the bacteria on this petri dish? 34. Plasmodium vivax proliferates in which of Mosquitos and humans the following host(s)? 35. The purple iodine stain on these granules is Starch a positive test for...? 6 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 36. Give the shape and the Gram stain results. Cocci and Gram Positive 37. There is substantial evidence that mito- Endosymbiotic chondria and chloroplasts are remnants of once free-living bacteria that came to live in intimate contact with archaea; this is part of a theory termed the ______________ theory. 38. Which cellular structure is responsible for Lipopolysaccharide coat rejecting the Gram staining procedure, re- sulting in a Gram negative stain? 39. What type of cell is this? Prokaryotic 40. The color orange is shared among E, F and A synapomorphy G. What is such a shared derived character state termed? 7 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 41. This foram is in the phylum Foraminifera, - This is a eukaryotic organ- and the lineage Rhizaria. Please select the ism answers below that are true. - This organism lives in water 42. This diagram shows an Amoeba engulfing Phagocytosis its prey with its pseudopodia. This is called __________. 43. What are some of the features biologists - Shape use to classify bacteria? - Colony morphology - stain reaction - size 44. The shape of the bacteria is.. Spirillum 45. This is Anabeana, a genus of cyanobacteria. To fix nitrogen They have specialized cells called hetero- cysts (one indicated by the arrow). What is the function of the heterocysts? 46. 8 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms This week's lab is on both microscopic and Chlamydomonas-- Micro- macroscopic algae. Select which of the fol- scopic lowing are macro versus micro. Volvox-- microscopic Chlamydomonas Laminaria-- macroscopic Volvox Fucus-- macroscopic Laminaria Euglena-- microscopic Fucus Euglena 47. Check the group or groups to which this Parabasalida and Tricho- organism belongs. nympha 48. If both male and female gametes are identi- Isogamous cal in size and morphology, they are referred to as _____________? 49. All (okay, almost all) evolutionary changes False. increase complexity. 50. This structure is characteristic of Phylum Axopodia Actinopoda. They are amoeboids with nu- merous projections that are useful in gath- ering food. What are the names of the long hair-like structures? 51. Pseudopodia 9 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms The Amoeba above uses the extended structures for feeding and locomotion, name them 52. This organism causes what? Sleeping sickness-- Try- panosoma 53. Lineage Excavata : _______________ :: Lin- Flagella eage Amoebozoa : pseudopodia 54. What is the correct phylogenetic arrange- Amoebozoa{Excava- ment for these four types of eukaryotes: ta{Rhizaria,Alveolata}} Excavata Alveolata Rhizaria Amoebozoa? 55. Match the organism to its lineage. Lineage Excavata 56. Match the organism to its lineage. Lineage Alveolata 10 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 57. Match the organism to its lineage. Lineage Amoebozoa 58. Match the organism to its lineage. Lineage Rhizaria 59. What type of locomotion is exhibited by this Amoeboid organism? 60. Why might a biologist object to referring to 'Algae' is a paraphyletic 'Algae' as a group? group 61. Which is the sister lineage to Opisthokonta? Amoebozoa 62. How would you accurately describe the We will be testing the inter- "Mosses Experiment"? mediate disturbance hypoth- esis by comparing species 11 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms richness on undisturbed slides, slides that were re- cently wiped clean, and slides that were disturbed with a fork. 63. What phylum is responsible for red tide? Dinoflagellata Red tide is a major cause of death for a mul- titude of marine organisms. Its toxins can even cause death in humans, for example in humans who eat shell fish exposed to red tide. However, some species of this phylum form beneficial symbiotic relationships with marine corals, and can be bioluminescent. 64. Which genus of ciliate is pictured here? Vorticella 65. Label the parts 1) blade 2) Stipe 3) holdfast 66. In some ways, slime molds resemble fungi. Slime molds lack chitin in However, how are slime molds unlike fungi? their cell walls. 67. Name the following female reproductive Oogonia structure in the water mold Achlya 12 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 68. What are produced inside the cup-shaped gemmae structures? 69. Match the lineage (of the seven main lin- Lineage Excavata eages of eukaryotes) to the correct organ- ism 70. Match the lineage (of the seven main lin- Lineage Archaea eages of eukaryotes) to the correct organ- ism 71. Lineage Alveolata 13 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms Match the lineage (of the seven main lin- eages of eukaryotes) to the correct organ- ism 72. Match the lineage (of the seven main lin- Lineage Stramenopila eages of eukaryotes) to the correct organ- ism 73. Name the clade at or near the phylum level. Monilophyta 74. This is an up close look at the thallus of - water exits Marchantia (a liverwort). What is(are) the - oxygen is allowed out function(s) of the pores pictured on the up- - carbon dioxide is allowed in per surface? 75. Match each letter with its correct structure: A) Flagellum B) Eyespot C) Contractile Vacuole D) paramylon granules E) Chloroplast 14 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 76. Match the parts labeled: A) peristome B) capsule (sporangium) C) seta of sporophyte D) gametophyte 77. The fusion of two gametes to form a zygote Fertilization is called _______________. 78. Both the diploid and the haploid phases are Sporic Life Cycle multicellular. What kind of life cycle does this alga have? 79. Match each form group (morphology) within Microscopic fila the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed. 80. Match each form group (morphology) within Filamentous, branched the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed. 15 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 81. Match each form group (morphology) within Encrusting coralline the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed. 82. Match each form group (morphology) within Jointed coralline the phylum Rhodophyta with the specimens photographed. 83. All land plants have a type of life cycle char- Gametophyte acterized by an alternation of multicellu- lar generations. Which generation(s) is(are) haploid? 84. To which of the seven main lineages of eu- Excavata karyotes does this organism belong? 85. Identify the life cycle Gametic 16 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 86. Ferns are considered homeohydric be- They follow their environ- cause they can keep their in- ment's state of being wet or ternal environments moist. Mosses dry are considered poikilohydric because ______________________. 87. Which groups does this organism belong Hepticophyta (Liverworts) to? Land Plants (Embryophyta) Archaeplastida 88. Sperm and egg have fused to form a diploid Sporophyte ___________. This step in the moss lifecy- cle is similar to the sporic lifecycle of algae. 89. What ploidy level is dominate in the life cy- Haploid cle of this organism? 90. Raphae 17 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms What are the locomotory structures for these organisms? 91. The coating of parallel bands of protein The pellicle across this organism is called? 92. What features are characteristics of an- - vascular tissue giosperms? Check any synapomorphies of - flowers angiosperms and any features that are - fruit synapomorphies of more inclusive clades. - seeds 93. In treatment A, the mean height of plants No, because the mean +SE is 5 mm and the standard error is 1 mm. In of treatment A overlaps with treatment B, the mean height of plants is the mean -SE of treatment B. 6 mm and the standard error is 2 mm. Can we call the heights of the plants in different treatments "statistically different"? 94. What characteristics describe conifers? - wind pollination - vascular tissue - "naked seeds" enclosed in a cone 95. The standard error is calculated as being Standard deviation equal to the ____ divided by the square root Sample size of the _____. The standard error is a mea- sure of how much variation we expect from 18 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms one sample mean to the next if the experi- ment were run a large number of times. 96. Match letter with structure a) sporophyte b) gametophyte c) rhizoids d) capsule e) spores f) seta 97. Match letter with structure a) sporus b) frond (leaf) c) fiddlehead d) rhizome 98. Name the phylum Ginkophyta 99. This is the upper surface of a thallose liv- Gemmae cups, containing erwort. These cup shaped structures are multicellular gamma inside ____________. produced by mitosis (for asexual reproduction). 19 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 100. What type of fertilization is represented Double fertilization here, characteristic of angiosperms? 101. Distantly related lineages that end up hav- Analogy ing similar traits to solve similar adaptive problems results in a(an) ___________. 102. The ________________________ is the Sporophyte dominant phase (or "generation") of ferns and seed plants? Note that spelling counts for this question. 103. Name the group(s) to which this organism Musci and Eukarya belongs. 104. Seed plants have separate male and female True spores, and separate male and female ga- metophytes. True or false. 105. What are the yellowish tooth-like structures They constitute a peristome, and what do they aid in? which aids in spore disper- sal. 106. What are the structures in this picture? Sporangia filled with spores 20 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 107. Which phylum has the lowest species rich- Ginkgophyta ness? 108. What of the following are true about an- - Angiosperms have "true giosperms? fruits" that are derived from the carpel. - two major groups of an- giosperms are monocots and eudicots. 109. This diagram represents the life cycle of: a complex thallose liverwort 110. Name the clade (+- a phylum) that this plant Monilophyta belongs to: 111. Match each letter (structure) with its correct a) 2N ploidy. B) 2N c) N d) N e) N f) N 112. Match each flower with its pollinator group: Bee and perhaps other in- sects 21 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 113. Match each flower with its pollinator group: wind 114. Match each flower with its pollinator group: Bird 115. Match each flower with its pollinator group: water 116. Match each flower with its pollinator group: bat 117. Match each flower with its pollinator group: carrion fly 22 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 118. This genus of green algae is highly colonial, Volvox with their body composed of a couple of kinds of cells. 119. what is this a cross section of? Angiosperm ovary 120. What is the main component of this organ- Calcium carbonate ism's shell (such a shell is also called a "test")? 121. This is a cross section. Match each letter a) pollen grains with its structure. b) filament extension (con- nective) 23 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms c) pollen sac (male spo- rangium) 122. In mosses, the dominant genera- gametophyte; sporophyte tion is the _______________________, and the short-lived generation is the __________________________. 123. This organism is in phylum Euglenida (lin- flagellum eage Excavata). What is its primary locomo- tory structure? 124. What is the function of the 'ears' on this to help it float on a pollination pollen grain? drop 125. What is the function of the 'hole' labeled A? to deter insects and pathogens 126. In the antibiotic resistance lab, why did we to speed up the mutation use UV light? rate. 24 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 127. Characteristics of domain Archaea - prokaryotic - ALL unicellular - some extremophiles 128. Characteristics of domain Bacteria - Prokaryotic - unicellular (some colonial) - ALL absorb nutrients 129. Characteristics of Domain Eukarya - Eukaryotic - Unicellular, colonial or mul- ticellular. - nutrition by absorption, in- gestion or photosynthesis. 130. Gram Positive bacteria characteristic -LACK of lipopolysaccha- rides coating of cells walls. - stains dark purple 131. Gram negative bacteria characteristic -HAVE lipopolysaccharides coating of cells walls. - stains faint pinkish 132. What is amylase, what is it used for? An enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sug- ars 133. What color does Iodine turn in the presence -Black- blue. of starch? ( meaning NO amylase pre- What does a clear halo mean? sent) - clear halo means amylase is converting starch into sug- ars. 134. Types of Cyanobacteria/ blue- green algae: Anabaena and Oscillatoria (fix nitrogen) 135. Oscillatoria 25 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 136. Anabaena 137. inhabit extreme temperatures Thermophiles 138. inhabit extreme salty habitats Halophiles 139. Thrive in methane producing places Methanogens 140. What is a fruit? means by which an- giosperms spread seeds 141. Rules in Biological Nomenclature: 1. genus is always capital- ized 2. underlined or italicized 3. species names can never stand alone. 142. Symplesiomorphy character that is shared AND primitive (came first) 143. Lineage Stramenopila: Phylum Oomycota: -water molds. Achlya - cell walls have cellulose - Oogonia (structures con- taining eggs) 144. Lineage Alveolata: Phylum Apicomplexa: - causes malaria Plasmodium Vivax - ALL parasitic 26 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 145. Lineage Alveolata: Phylum Ciliata - cilia present for feeding/ lo- comotion - largest protist phylum - all hetertrophic - macronucleus (controls cell activity) - micronucleus (exchanged during sex) 146. Lineage Alveolata: Phylum Ciliata: EUPLOTES 147. Lineage Alveolata: Phylum Ciliata: VORTICELLA 148. Lineage Rhizaria: Phylum Actinopoda - long thin rod (axopodia) - marine forms, radiolarians have porous skeletons. 149. Lineage Rhizaria: Phylum Foraminifera 27 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms - cells that secrete a porous, calcium carbonate test. 150. Lineage Excavata: Phylum Parabasalida - flagella Ex's of: Trichonympha and Trichomonas Vaginalis 151. Lineage Excavata: Phylum Kinetoplastids ex's of: Trypanosoma Gam- biense and African Sleeping Sickness. 152. Lineage Amoebozoa: Phylum Rhizopoda Pseudopodia -- amoeboid movement. - heterotrophic-- phagocyto- sis. 153. Lineage Amoebozoa: Phylum Myxogastri- - plasmodial slime molds da: PHYSARUM - plasmodium (interconnect- ed strands) - Plasmodium is a coenocyte (single cell with MANY nu- clei, no walls). 154. Slime Molds have plasmodium that gives Sporangium rise to a fruiting structure for reproduction called____. 155. Haploid (N), one set of chromo- somes. 156. Diploid 28 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms (2N), two sets of chromo- somes. A zygote and our body is a diploid. 157. Gametic Lifecycle characteristics and ex- - Parents (2N) produce ga- ample: metes (N) by meiosis - diploid dominant. - Ex: Diatoms. 158. Zygotic Lifecycle ex: dinoflagellate - haploid dominant. - Parent cells(N) produce ga- metes by mitosis(N). 159. Sporic Lifecycle (Ulva sea lettuce) Haploid- Diploid 160. Isomorphic diploid and haploid individu- als look the same. 161. Isogamous gametes look the same, no differentiation into sperm and egg 162. Lineage Stramenopila: - photoautotrophs (light to Phylum Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) make own energy) 29 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 163. Lineage Stramenopila: Phylum Phaeophyta: Laminaria, Fucus, Sargas- KELPS + BROWN ALGAE sum. 164. Lineage Archaeplastida: Phylum Chlorophyta: 165. Phylum Hapticophyta (Liver- worts) 166. Archegonium organ that produces eggs 167. Antheridium Organ that produces sperm 168. Fern life cycle 169. Phylogenetic Conservatism the tendency of a lineage to retain certain ancestral traits 170. Convergent evolution the separate evolution of similar features in different lineages. 171. parts of a flower 30 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 172. ovary superior 173. inferior ovary 174. ovaries in a hypanthum 175. Monocots - flower parts in 3's - leaf veins are parallel. 176. Dicots - flower parts in fours or fives. - leaf veins are branched 177. perfect flower each flower has both male and female sex organs 178. imperfect flower flower is missing either male or female part 179. Monoecious individual plant has flowers with male and female sex or- gans on the same OR differ- ent flowers 31 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms 180. Dioecious individual plants have flow- ers with either male or fe- male sex organs (plants have different sexes) 181. 4 whorls of flower 1. androecium 2. gynoecium 3. corolla 4. calyx 182. Seed Plants: Gymnosperms: Phylum Cycadophyta: Cy- cads 183. - dioecious Seed Plants: Gym- - smells bad. nosperms: Phylum Gingko- phyta: Gingko biloba 184. 32 / 33  BIO 106 L Practical #1 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_68kkms Seed Plants: Gym- nosperms: Phylum Conifero- phyta: pines, spruces and firs. 185. pine life cycle 186. Other conifers/ gym- nosperms 33 / 33