Water Soluble Vitamins Biochemistry PDF

Water soluble vitamins  Dark green vegetables Potatoes Citric fruits Strawberries Tomatoes Melon Green pepper Broccoli Physiological functions: 1)...

Water soluble vitamins  Dark green vegetables Potatoes Citric fruits Strawberries Tomatoes Melon Green pepper Broccoli Physiological functions: 1) Formation of collagen, the most abundant protein in bone and human body 2) Helps absorption of iron, calcium, and folacin. 3) Water-soluble antioxidant. Requirements: Vitamin C deficiency 75-100 mg/day. produces scurvy which is characterized by 1) Defective collagen synthesis which results in A(Swollen bleeding gums. B(Delayed healing of wounds. C(Capillary fragility and subcutaneous petechial hemorrhage. D(Sore joints and bones 2) Anemia: due to hemorrhage and decreased iron absorption  vitamin B complex sources :Intestinal bacteria produce most of the members of B complexwith enough amounts. Animal sources: heart, liver, kidney, meat, fish, egg and milk. Plant sources: fruits, green leafy vegetables, cereals, wheatgerm, nuts, yeast, and whole cereal flour.- VITAMIN B1)Thiamine( Anti beri beri 🔷️Since vitamin B1 is used in carbohydrate metabolism, people who suffer starvation may have vitamin B1 deficiency, thus feeding them with carbohydrates (IV glucose) without supplementing them with vitamin B1may cause Beri-Beri to appear.  Physiological functions Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is the active form.It is a co-enzyme for oxidative decarboxylation reactions incarbohydrate metabolism. e.g. pyruvate dehydrogenase.- Deficiency manifestations: Thiamine deficiency produces Beri Beri which is characterized by 1- Gastrointestinal manifestations: anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. 2- Neurological manifestations : peripheral neuritis, confusion, muscleweakness. 3- Cardiovascular manifestations: cardiac enlargement, edema (wet BeriBeri), and may be heart failure.  VITAMIN B2(Riboflavin) ‫حرف‬F 1. Flora 2. FAD Physiological functions 3. FMN 4. Face (mouth toung ) Active forms: ⚪Two important co-enzymes which act as hydrogen carriers Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) Deficiency manifestations 1. Angular stomatitis: inflammation and fissure of the corners of themouth 2. Glossitis: inflamed painful tongue.m promat 3. Seborrheic dermatitis  VITAMIN B3(Nicotinic Acid - Pellagra Preventive Factor (PPF) 🔷️It is formed inside the body Physiological functions: from tryptophan amino anacid ⚪Two important co-enzymes which act as hydrogen carriers:- 1.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) 2.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)Nicotinic acid Deficiency manifestations :Pellagra, which affects mainly farmers using maize flour old(deficient in tryptophan and nicotinic acid). Pellagra is the disease of 3Ds: dermatitis diarrhea dementia.  VITAMIN B5(Pantothenic Acid) Physiological functions It forms CoA-SH, which acts as an acyl-carrier in many reactions, e.g. acetyl-CoA , succinyl-CoA.plex of song Deficiency manifestations Burning in feet  VITAMIN B6(pyrIdoxINe) Physiological functions: ⚪Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active form of vitamin B6 🔷️.vitamin B6 was PLP acts as : found to be effective in treatment of 1. co-enzyme for amino acid absorption and transport. nausea,anorexia and 2.co-enzyme for many enzymes in amino acid metabolism. vomiting during pregnancy) 3.co-enzyme in heme synthesis. Deficiency manifestations: 1. Microcytic hypochromic anemia: due to impaired hemesynthesis. 2.Peripheral neuritis, and convulsions  VITAMIN B7(Biotin) Physiological functions It acts as CO₂ carrier in CO₂ fixation ‫إضافة‬reactions as conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase Fatigue Deficiency manifestations loss of appetite nausea Vomiting depression muscle pain dermatitis.  FOLIC ACID VB9 Physiological functions ⚪Tetrahydrofolate (FH4) is the active form of folic acid; it enters in many reactions in the body which: - Promotes red blood cell formation. - Prevents birth defects of spine and brain Deficiency manifestations: - Folic acid deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia.  VITAMIN B12(CoBAlAMINs - ANTI- perNICIous ANeMIA fACTor) Physiological functions: 1) Aids in building of genetic material (nucleic acids) 2) Aids in development of normal red blood cells. 3) Maintenance of nervous system. (Myline sheeth ) Deficiency manifestations: Its deficiency leads to, 1.pernicious anemia, which is characterized by:- anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia. 2. Degeneration of peripheral nerves which my cause numbness,tingling in fingers and toes.