Bio 170 Post Lab Discussion No. 1 Variations in Plants and Animals 2023-2024 PDF

VARIATIONS IN PLANTS MYSLunas _1st sem_AY 2023-2024 AND ANIMALS Lab Activity No. 1 Post Lab Discussion  GENETICS HEREDITY VARIATIO N transmission of any difference traits from...

VARIATIONS IN PLANTS MYSLunas _1st sem_AY 2023-2024 AND ANIMALS Lab Activity No. 1 Post Lab Discussion  GENETICS HEREDITY VARIATIO N transmission of any difference traits from between the generation to individuals in a species or groups of generation organisms of any species  GENETIC TERMINOLOGIES TRAIT PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE a specific characteristic of refers to an individual’s the genetic composition of an individual observable traits a cell or organism determined by genes, determined by both their can be used to refer to the environmental factors or by a genetic makeup (genotype) alleles, or variant forms of a combination of both and environmental factors gene, that are carried by an can be qualitative or organism quantitative part of an individual’s overall phenotype Trait. Phenotype. genotype https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Phenotype  VARIATION all the differences that exist in a population of the same species How do the shapes, colors Darwin’s Finches and scents of flowers beak shape varies among finch contribute to their species fertilization and, therefore, their success as a species? Variation in Plants Variation in Plants Lakatan Latundan Saba Banana (Musa sp.) Señorita Cavendish Morado https://pepper.ph/blog/banana-types-philippines  Variation in Plants Leaves vary in color even on the same plant and in shape from oval to linear Croton cultivars: Irene Kingsley, Ramshot, and Iceton San Francisco (Codiaeum variegatum) https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/croton-codiaeum-variegatum/  Variation in Plants Mayana (Solenostemon scutellarioides, formerly Coleus blumei) Wizard Jade Giant Exhibition Rustic Red Henna Chocolate Covered Cherry https://a-z-animals.com/blog/varieties-of- coleus/#:~:text=Its%20leaves%20grow%20opposite%20each,can%20be%20serrated%20or%20smooth. Variation in Plants Anne Arundel (H. moscheutos) Gumamela (Hibiscus sp.) Blue Bird (H. syriacus) Donna Lynn (H. rosa-sinensis) https://www.allaboutgardening.com/hibiscus-varieties/ Plant taxonomy TERMINOLOGIES SPECIES VARIETY CULTIVAR a natural grouping appears naturally within ‘cultivated varieties’ of similar plants a species, but it has that can interbreed some distinctive trait subspecies which sets it apart classification describing and reproduce by plants varieties which seed are produced through artificial selection Variation in Animals  Variation in Animals Conus generalis Conus textile Conus betulinus Cone shells (Conus sp.) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Conus-shells-15-of-the-38-species-known-to-occur-in-waters-around-the- Whitsunday_fig1_358169155 Variation in Animals Shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) Variation in juvenile shore crabs, showing the considerable differences in color and pattern that exists among individuals https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Variation-in-juvenile-shore-crabs-showing-the- considerable-differences-in-color-and_fig1_262049643 Variation in Animals Numata Longwing (Heliconius numata) has seven different wing patterns, each of which mimics that of a different local species of Melinaea, another group of butterflies https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/16/science/16butterfly.html7  VARIATION in humans (Homo sapiens) RACE a group of people who are related by some common ancestry and/or physical or cultural aspects “When it comes to biology, all humans are created equal. Not identical, but equal. We are all one species with one shared genome.” https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137599759_6  VARIATION in humans https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/identical-twins-accumulate-genetic-differences-in-the-womb-68324 VARIATION in humans  Dominant vs. recessive traits traits which are expressed even in the expressed only when two copies presence of one copy of an allele for a of an allele are present in the gene particular trait in the gene Widow’s peak Free Earlobe (D) Present (D) Attached Earlobe (R) Absent (R) Mid-digital hair Hitchhiker’s thumb Present (D) Present (D) Absent (R) Absent (R)  CLASSIFICATION OF TRAITS features or characteristics of an organism that may be visible or hidden MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS form and structure of an organism Functions and mechanisms of a living system Ex. Height, eye color, skin color Ex. Metabolism, blood groups, diseases BEHAVIORAL TRAITS SEXUAL TRAITS acts or reactions of an organism in associated with biological sex response to a stimulus Ex. Sexual dimorphism, reproductive Ex. Personality, intelligence, disorders organs, gametes, diseases  TYPES of variations caused by: GENETIC VARIATION Mutation change in the DNA sequence of an organism genetic differences among can result from errors in DNA replication, individuals of the same species exposure to mutagens or a viral infection can be inherited Recombination physical breakage, exchange, and rejoining of Source of biological diversity two DNA molecules Ex. Eye color, free or attached earlobes, blood type Gene Migration transfer of genetic material from one population to another  TYPES of variations ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION alteration of the phenotype of a particular genotype as a response to the environment not inherited caused by environmental factors such as climate, diet, culture Ex. Personality, hair color (artificial), tattoos https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/genetics/environmental  Genotype-environment interactions PHENOCOPY a phenotypic variation that is caused by unusual environmental conditions and resembles the normal expression of a genotype other than its own Ex. Himalayan rabbits: moderate temperatures- white in color with a black tail, ears, and nose colder temperatures- black coloration of their coats, resembling the black rabbits  Continuous vs. discontinuous quantitative differences in the phenotypes of results from the qualitative differences in individuals with a population for specific phenotypes of individuals within a population features can have two categories: discrete and not divided into discrete categories distinguishable a range of values that occur between two usually have no intermediates which refer to a extremes feature that falls in between two categories  Importance of variations Better Adaptation Development of new and better fit species Help in Disease Resistance Chances of Survival —thank you MYSLunas _1st sem_AY 2023-2024