BIO 103 Test 2 Study Guide PDF

Study guide test 2 BIO 103. Ch 5. 1. Concepts of the plasma membrane. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic, and membrane components. 2. Cytoskeletal elements and their basic functions. What are motor proteins? 3. What is the function of cholesterol in the membrane? What of the glycocalyx?...

Study guide test 2 BIO 103. Ch 5. 1. Concepts of the plasma membrane. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic, and membrane components. 2. Cytoskeletal elements and their basic functions. What are motor proteins? 3. What is the function of cholesterol in the membrane? What of the glycocalyx? What is self/non-self recognition? 4. Distinguish between integral and peripheral proteins, what makes them unique, and how they function to keep the cell functional. ID examples of integral proteins and how the work. 5. You need to have a good grasp of membrane transport. You can count on questions dealing with passive vs active transport and the subcategories therein. 6. Use the terms solute and solvent, and discuss how you could speed up or slow down the rate of diffusion. 7. What are aquaporins? 8. Define tonicity and what is meant by hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. 9. What is turgor pressure? 10. Tell me about the sodium potassium pump. 11. What type of material might enter or leave the cell via a carrier protein, vs endocytosis/exocytosis? 12. Tell me about modifications to the cellular surface in animals vs plants. Ch 6. 1. Walk me through the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 2. Producers vs consumers 3. Reactants and products, exergonic and endergonic reactions. What is the point? 4. What is ATP? Do you store much of it? Where is the actual energy stored in ATP? 5. What is the concept of a metabolic pathway, and walk me through the role of enzymes in a metabolic pathway. 6. Degradation vs synthesis reactions. 7. How can we speed up the rate of a reaction? What is meant by the term denature. 8. What is the role of a coenzyme? 9. Competitive inhibition vs noncompetitive inhibition (via allosteric site). 10. What is a poison? Ch 7. 1. So what organisms are photosynthetic? 2. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis vs cellular respiration. Given a formula, be able to tell me which is reduced and which is oxidized. 3. Explain autotrophs vs heterotrophs 4. Is chlorophyll the only pigment found doing photosynthesis in plants? 5. Walk me through the structure of a chloroplast. What are thylakoids, grana, the stroma, etc. Where would you find chlorophyll? 6. What are stomata? 7. What happens in the light dependent vs light independent reactions? 8. What is the function of the two photosystems? What is in them? Where are they? How do they relate to the electron transport chain? 9. How is H+ moved into the thylakoid membranes? 10. What is the role of ATP synthase in all of this? 11. What was the main goal of the light reaction? 12. What is the main goal of the dark reaction? 13. At the end of the calvin cycle, a molecule is formed which is not quite glucose... Tell me --all about- this molecule, and what it can potentially do for a plant. This feels distinctly like a Short Answer test question. 14. Are there other forms of photosynthetic plants? What are they and who does it, and where are they found? Basically I need you to distinguish between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis. Ch 8. 1. Know the names of the four phases of cellular respiration, where they take place, and what the reactants and products are for each step. 2. Were are most of the NADH and FADH formed, where do these go? What is their goal? 3. CO2 is a product of cellular respiration, where is most of it produced? During what step? 4. Understand that most ATP is formed via the electron transport chain pumping H+ into concentration inside the cristae, and allowing those H+ to flow out through ATP synthase forming ATP. The energy to do this provided by FADH and NADH. 5. What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC? What is the final product from this? 6. Compare and contrast aerobic vs anaerobic forms of respiration. What are some downsides to anaerobic fermentation, and what are the resulting products. 7. When might you have to conduct anaerobic fermentation? 8. Can you do cellular respiration using proteins and fats as a substrate? You need to know all about this, as it is important. What is deamination? What is the role of fat in your system? Why would you break down your own proteins for respiration?