Basic Nursing Practices for Specimen Collection PDF

COLLECTION OF BLOOD SPECIMEN PURPOSE OF BLOOD COLLECTION Helps to identify infection, anemia and diabetes Monitor chronic conditions such as kidney disease, liver function Before surgeries to prevent reactions Before blood transfusions to avoid reactions COLOR CODED BOTTLES FOR COLLECTION OF B...

COLLECTION OF BLOOD SPECIMEN PURPOSE OF BLOOD COLLECTION Helps to identify infection, anemia and diabetes Monitor chronic conditions such as kidney disease, liver function Before surgeries to prevent reactions Before blood transfusions to avoid reactions COLOR CODED BOTTLES FOR COLLECTION OF BLOOD SPECIMEN Pink top -- for blood bank testing and hematology (platelet count) Blue top- fibrinogen levels and coagulation studies Gray top -- glucose testing and blood alcohol testing Light green top-plasma collection, chromosome analysis Purple top- blood typing, hematology REQUIREMENT This is a tray procedure The items needed are: Sterile syringes and needles Antimicrobial solution Appropriate specimen bottle Dry cotton or wool swabs in a gallipot Disposable gloves Tourniquet Adhesive strip Received for used items Appropriate laboratory or specimen form Sharps container STEPS Establish rapport Explain procedure to the patient Perform hand hygiene Take tray and send to the bedside Provide privacy Protect the bed with mackintosh and a dressing towel Assist patient into a desirable position Assist the doctor to take the sample Dispose off used items and decontaminate the tray Ensure all needles are disposed off in the sharp container Ensure labeled specimen with signed laboratory forms are sent to the laboratory It it is the nurse performing the task then after protect the bed with mackintosh and dressing towel, Choose the site preferably on the forearm Clean the site with anti microbial solution Insert the needle gently with the syringe attached into the vein at an angle of Withdraw the required amount of blood Release tourniquet Remove the needle gently from the vein, apply a dry swab to the area immediately and hold it in place with an adhesive strip Disconnect needle from syringe, poor blood into specimen bottle Ensure specimen container is well labeled.Perform hand hygiene. COLLECTION OF SPUTUM SPECIMEN PURPOSE For diagnosing respiratory infection For tuberculosis screening Monitor chronic lung disease Evaluation of allergies Cancer diagnosis REQUIREMENTS A tray procedure Sputum mug Clean towel Jar of water Sputum specimen container Spatula Disposable gloves PROCEDURE Establish rapport and explain procedure Ask the patient to tell you when he or she feels the urge to give out sputum Perform hand hygiene Prepare and take to bed side Label the sputum specimen container with the date, patient name and department identification and physician or doctors name Offer sputum mug Allow patient to pass sputum Wear disposable gloves Take sputum mug from patient Assist patient to clean and dispose tissue in a receiver Examine the sputum Use the spatula to transfer a portion of sputum into specimen container and dispose off spatula Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene Dispose off used items and decontaminate the tray Send the specimen to lab immediately Document the procedure in your nursing note.COLLECTION OF STOOL SPECIMEN PURPOSE OF STOOL COLLECTION To identify bacteria, viral and parasitic infection in the GIT To identify chronic conditions like hemorrhoid, fistula. To check whether treatment is working To evaluate how well the body is digesting and absorbing nutrient. REQUIREMENT This is a trolley procedure On the top shelf Stool specimen container and spatula Laboratory form Disposable gloves Soap in dish Bowl Clean towel On the bottom shelf Clean bed pan with a lid Tissue paper or wipes Jug of water Receptacle for used items Mackintosh and dressing towel Steps Establish rapport with patient Explain the procedure Ask the patient to tell you when he or she feels for the urge to have a bowel Perform personal hygiene Prepare and take trolley to bedside Label the container with the patient name and department Protect the bed with mackintosh and a dressing towel Offer bedpan to patient Provide screen for privacy Allow patient to pass Feces Wear disposable gloves Remove the bedpan Assist patient to clean and dispose tissue into the receptacle Examine rhetorical feces noting color, odour and consistency Use spatula to transfer a portion of feces into the specimen container and dispose off spatula Cover the container Remove and discard gloves perform hand bye Dispose off used items and decontaminate trolley and bedpan Send specimen to the laboratory Document the procedure in nurses note.