Astronomy Review Guide PDF

Astronomy review guide 5\. Which sentence best describes why the Moon goes through phases? -We only see the part of the lit up face of the mood depending on it's position relatice to Earth and the Sun. 6\. Imagine you see Mars rising in the east at 6:30p,. Six hours later, what direction would yo...

Astronomy review guide 5\. Which sentence best describes why the Moon goes through phases? -We only see the part of the lit up face of the mood depending on it's position relatice to Earth and the Sun. 6\. Imagine you see Mars rising in the east at 6:30p,. Six hours later, what direction would you look to see mars when it is highest in the sky? \- Toward the South 7\. Imagine the earth was upright with no tilt, How would this affect the seasons? \- We would no longer experience a difference between the seasons. 8\. How does the Sun produce the energy that heats our planets? -Hydrogen is combined into Helium, giving off large amounts of energy. 9\. The Big Bang is best described as: \- the event that formed all matter and space from an infinitely small dot. 10\. Which of the following ranks locations, from closest to earth to farthest from earth? \- The moon, the sun, the edge of our solar system, the north star, the edge of our galaxy. 11\. Objects from smallest to largest: -Jupiter, Sun, Solar System, Nebula, Andromeda Galaxy, Galaxy Cluster. 12\. Imagine the Earths orbit were changed to be a perfect circle about the sun so that the distance to the sun never changed. How would this affect the seasons? \- We would experience seasons in the same way we do now 13\. What is a star? \- a hot ball of gas that produces energy by combining atoms into heavier atoms. 14\. Which one property of a star will determine the rest of the characteristics of that star's life? \- mass 15\. Current evidence about how the universe is changing tells us that: \- Groups of galaxies appear to move away from each other 16\. Stars begin life as: \- a cloud of gas and dust 17\. When the Sun reaches the end of its life, what will happen to it? \- It will lose its outer layers, leaving its core behind. 18\. If you were in a spacecraft near the sun and began traveling to Pluto, you might pass: -2 of these objects 19\. How did the system of planets orbit the Sun form? \- The planets formed from the same material as the Sun 20\. What would make you weigh half as much as you do right now? \- Take away half of Earth's Mass 21\. Astronauts "float" around in the space shuttle as it orbits Earth because: \- They are falling in the same way as the Space Shuttle 22\. Energy is released from atoms in the form of light when electrons: \- move from high energy levels to low energy levels 23\. What would be true about comparing visible light and radio waves? -The radio waves would have a longer wavelength and travel the same speed as visible light. 24\. The atoms in the plastic of your chair are formed: supernova. 25\. Which atom would be absorbing light with greatest energy? \- D, negative electron in the middle going out 26\. Which atom would emit light with the shortest wavelength? \- C, Negative electron on the outside going in to the middle. 28\. When a star is formed, it is mostly made of? \- hydrogen 29\. What would cause a star's interior temperature to increase during its formation? \- During collapse, gravitational potential energy decreases while its temperature increases. 30\. The Suns surface temperature is: -near the middle of the range of surface temperatures 31\. During a majority of a star's existence, in which part of a star is it's energy produced? \- Core 32\. Star Y has twice the mass of star X. How will star X use up it's fuel compared to star Y? \- Star X will use up its fuel more than two times slower than star Y. 33\. The force that dominates the formation of a star is: \- Gravity 34\. The hottest stars are what color? \- Blue 35\. Why don't most stars collapse in on themselves under gravity's influence? \- Gas pressure caused by energy created in the star pushes outward to balance gravity. 36\. Which object has the highest surface temperature? \- a typical white dwarf 37\. Star C has a lifetime of 50 million years, while Star D has a lifetime of only 10 million years. What can you say about the masses of theses stars? -Star D has greater mass 38\. What is the name given to a star as it is initially forming? \- a protostar 39\. How does the sun produce the energy that heats our planet? \- Atoms are combined into heavier atoms, giving off energy 40. 41\. Stars begin life as: \- a cloud of gas and dust 42\. What is a star? \- a hot ball of gas that produces energy by combining atoms into heavier atoms 43\. If a red star and a blue star have the same size (diameter) and are at the same distance from Earth, which one will appear brighter? - The blue star 44\. How is the lifetime of a star related to its mass? \- More massive stars live slightly shorter lives than less massive stars. 45\. Which of the following objects has the greatest actual brightness (luminosity): a red giant, a white dwarf, or the Sun? \- A red giant always has the greatest actual brightness (luminosity). 46\. The light from stars that we see on Earth results from \- nuclear reactions inside the stars. 47\. How would you rank the surface temperature of red, white, and blue stars? Hottest coldest \- Blue, white, red 48\. What would most likely give off the most energy? \- a blue star 10 times the size of the sun 49\. Star P has 3x the mass of star Q. How will the lifetime of Star Q compare to the lifetime of star P? \- StarQ's lifetime will be more than three times as long as that of star P. 50\. What would determine the most characteristics and future events of a star's existence? \- mass