Art Appreciation PDF

ART APPRECIATION The Nature of Art Understanding Art Art: ✓ is Everywhere Objectives: ✓ as Expression and Commun...

ART APPRECIATION The Nature of Art Understanding Art Art: ✓ is Everywhere Objectives: ✓ as Expression and Communication Students are expected to understand the… ✓ as Creation ✓ Nature ✓ and Experience ✓ Meaning ✓ and Nature ✓ Subjects and ✓ and Beauty ✓ Importance of the Arts. Art is Everywhere What is Art? Art is everywhere and can’t be ignore its presence in our Art is a highly diverse range of human activities lives. engaged in creating visual, auditory, or performed artifacts— artworks—that express the author’s We find art objects everywhere. All these things are part imaginative or technical skill, and are intended to of man’s effort to lessen the drabness and tedium of be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power everyday living and to transform his environment into a more interesting place to live in. Art is often culturally specific, shared among the Art is not confine in our own cities and towns; it also members of a given society and dependent upon cultural exists among ethnic groups such as: context. The purpose of works of art may be to communicate political, spiritual or philosophical ✓ T’boli women’s colorful necklaces ideas, to create a sense of beauty (see aesthetics), ✓ Wood carvings of Ifugaos to explore the nature of perception, for pleasure, or ✓ Maranaws exquisite metalworks to generate strong emotions. Its purpose may also be seemingly nonexistent. We always find art. It exists in all forms of human society and in every generation because it serves some fundamental What is Art Appreciation? human needs. Art appreciation centers on the ability to view art Art as Expression and Communication throughout history, focusing on the cultures and the people, and how art developed in the specific periods. We express our emotional state in some visible signs and activities. Art has grown out of man’s need to express It is difficult to understand art without himself. understanding the culture, their use of materials, and a sense of beauty. Art is conveyed by the simple act John Canaday, a noted art critic said: of creating art for art's sake. “Since prehistoric times man has been preoccupied with 3 major searches in the adventure of exploration that is Every person is born with the innate desire to create recorded in works of art. art, and similar to other professions, training is 1. Finding ways to make images of his gods. essential in honing skills to produce art. 2. Discovered the world around him. 3. Trying to decipher the mystery of what a human being is. In communication, the artist uses symbols which he Art and Nature organizes into some comprehensible equivalent of the experience that he is trying to convey. If the symbols are Art is not nature understood by his audience, then communication has been established. A work of art is man-made and although it may closely resemble nature, it can never duplicate nature. Art in any given period reflects 2 things: 1. The genius of its creator as well as the sensibility. The colorful sunset, the sky full of stars, the sound of 2. The characteristic values and attitudes toward birds singing in the field – these are NATURAL THINGS and important aspects of life held by the society in which not a work of art. the work of art was born. In many ways, we use art to improve on nature. Art as Creation In a garden, we apply the art of landscaping. The result It is innate in man to put things in order to create would be something different from the wilderness it would objects that are delightful to perceive. have been without our intervention. “Creation” is referred to the act of combining or re- ordering already existing materials so that new object is Art and Beauty formed. A thing of beauty is one which gives pleasure when we “Art” is originated from the Latin “ars” means “skill.” perceive it. Art is not limited to craftmanship but also to proficiency The delight that we experience is called aesthetic in performing any activity. pleasure, “aesthetic” means “to perceive with senses.” Art is a planned activity though the finished product may We expect every work of art to be beautiful, but it may not usually turn out as he had envisioned, but creation not always be so. involves constant correction and redirections. However, “ugly” the subject, if we find in the Each finish product is an expression of order – the representation a sense of order, a harmonious arrangement artist’s idea of order. for formal elements, then we can also experience aesthetic Art and Experience pleasure from looking at it. Three major kinds of experience involved in an artist The Functions of Art activity: From the very beginning, arts have been part of human 1. Experience which the artist wants to communicate. history. It described, defined, and deepened the human 2. Expressing its experience. experience. In the Prehistoric period for example, peoples 3. Gratifying experience, when the work is done. performed songs and dances to gratify their ancestors. Likewise, hunters brushed different figures on the walls Sometimes the audience respond from identifying themselves of caves to depict their day-to-day experiences. Arts with the people portrayed in the work of art. also serve several functions which are item outcome to its purpose (Menoy, 2009) Whatever response we have to a work of art, we cannot fail to experience a sense of awe at the object's existence. 1. Individual Function 6. Cultural Function The artists perform arts because of the passion of their Art is an articulation and transmission of new information respective art forms. A singer presents a concert for free and values. because of his advocacy and the love of singing. Example, when you think of Manila, you probably think of For example, Regine Velasquez (Asia’s Songbird) is well- Fort Santiago, Luneta Park, and its world-renowned known for possessing extensive vocal range. churches, or the famous Intramuros. 2. Social Function 7. Physical Function Man, associates with others through his art performance Buildings are artistically designed and constructed to that arouses social consciousness. protect their occupants and make their life inside more meaningful. Architects, Industrial and Graphic Designers, Examples of this association are the choral singing, group and Interior Decorators share responsibility in building dancing, public art exhibits and other practices. environment that balance forms and functions. 3. Economic Function 8. Aesthetic Function Arts are emerging as a potent force in the economic life Any artwork means beauty. It is visual spice for gracefully of people assumes an essential role as a direct and adorned interiors and can bring out the most elegant indirect contributor to state economies. features of different décor elements. It reasonably Example of this is by generating economic vitality in reproduced visual images which communicate through under-performing regions through crafts, tourism, and fantastic persuasions and meaningful words. cultural attractions. The Subject of Art 4. Political Function Subject of art refers to any person, object, scene or event Art provides a forum for ideas that will lead to described or represented in a work of art. employment, prestige, status, and power. Some arts have subjects, others do not. During election period, for example, the candidates Arts with subjects are representational or objective arts. created their artworks (poster) which expresses their propaganda, agendas and political views about making a Arts without subjects are non-representational or non- stable society. objective arts. 5. Historical Function Representational Art is an essential technique for information to be recorded and preserved. It serves to document or reconstruct historical figure and events. Most arts that are in Museums, for example, are filled with amazing stories about the world most excellent and most creative people who brought us the treasures. By looking at a work of art’s colors, materials, and symbolism, we can learn about the story and culture that produced it in the past. Non-Representational Landscape Any of the land form can be the subject of a landscape painting. These land forms include the volcano, the mountain, the hills, etc. Kinds of Subject Portraiture Seascape Portraits are pictures of men and women singly or collectively. Before the camera was Any of the water forms can be the invented, there was no other means to know the face of a person but was only limited to the subject of a seascape such as ocean, elite. sea, river, etc. Animals and Plants Cityscape During the ancient times, man’s primary concern was survival. In the early stages of men’s development, his first encounters were with Any area view of a city or a portion animals and plants. of it can be a subject of art. Still Life Is a painting of an inanimate object Event or a non-living thing placed on a table placed on a table or another setting. Events are among the favorite subjects of artists. The “Spoliarium” and the “Blood Compact” of Juan Luna, etc. Country Life Religious Items Painters living in the countryside Religious items such as Holy Family, have access to scenes happening daily in their community. Local events such Madonna, and Child Jesus Christ, as barrio fiesta, fluvial parade, angels, etc. are as commonly used as they were developed during Medieval etc. and Renaissance periods. Others Mangling It is presenting the subject with Mythological, fiction, and cartoon parts which are cut, lacerated, characters are also favorite subjects of mutilated, or hacked with art. repeated blows. Elongation Methods Of Presenting The Subject Of Art Realism It is also termed as naturalism; As the word suggests, elongation is realism is the method of presenting presenting the subject in an elongated form subjects as they appear in real life. by stretching the object. If the apple is the subject, it can either shown as red apple or green apple. Abstractionism Cubism It is drawing away from realism. It is presenting the subject with the use It was derived from the verb abstract of cubes and other geometric figures such meaning to draw away. as triangles, squares, etc. For example, in a painting of a human body, a person is shown with no facial features, no fingers, etc. using different methods. Abstract Expressionism Methods of Abstractionism Having its origin in New York, it is presenting the subject with the Distortion use of strong color, uneven brush It is presenting the subject in a strokes, and rough texture and with misshaped form. the deliberate lack of refinement For example, an apple is shown as a in the application of paint. square or a circle or a star apple as ovoid (egg-shaped) or cylindrical (funnel-like) Surrealism Impressionism It is a realism based on the artist’s impression by presenting the real- It is beyond realism. It is presenting the life subject with emphasis on the subject as if the subject does not form part impression left in the artist’s mind of the real world, but it belongs to the or perception, particularly the world of dreams and fantasy. effect of light on the object used as subject. Futurism Symbolism It is a realism in the future by It is presenting the subject presenting a subject that relates symbolically, that is, the artist shows not to the present, but to the his subject as it appears in real life, future. but he intends to let it represent something. Subject Matter Level of Meaning Level of Meaning Fauvism 1. Factual Meaning 2. Conventional Meaning It is optimistic realism by presenting the 3. Subjective Meaning real-life subject with the use of bright Factual colors suggesting comfort, joy, and The factual meaning is the literal statement or the narrative pleasure. content in the work which can be directly apprehended because the objects presented are easily recognized. Dadaism It is a shocking realism by presenting the It is the basic, literal meaning of the artwork. What you can see as the face value. real-life subject with the intention to shock the audience through the exposition of Conventional the evils in society. The conventional meaning refers to the special meaning that a certain object or color has for a particular culture or group of It was derived from a French word dada people. meaning hobby horse. It is the culturar or symbolic meaning that is understood by a particular group or society. It often involves beliefs, Expressionism traditions, or customs. Subjective It is an emotional realism by presenting The subjective meaning is any personal meaning consciously or the real-life subject with the intention unconsciously conveyed by the artists using a private to express emotions, pathos, chaos, symbolism which stem from his own association of certain fear, violence, defeat, etc. objects, actions or colors with past experiences. It is the personal interpretation or emotional response that a viewer has to the artwork. This meaning can vary widely between different people. The Medium of Arts Formal Elements of Visual Arts Medium Medium in art refers to the material or means which Elements of Visual Arts the artist uses to objectify his feeling or thought; pigment in painting; stone, wood and melt in The formal elements of visual arts are sculpture; various building materials in architecture; the physical qualities of an artwork and sound in music, words in literature; and body their visual effects which is known as movements in the dance. the Seven formal point diagram. Composition Classification of Arts Based on Medium Composition is the arrangement and structure of the Visual / Space elements within a painting or the relationship of forms in 1. The visual or space arts – those whose medium can be sculpture. seen and which occupy space. These in turn are grouped into two categories: The principles of composition emerged in the late 19th a. The two-dimensional arts, such as painting, century, gaining prominence as a framework for addressing drawing, printmaking and photography, and the formal elements of 20th-century abstract and b. The three-dimensional arts, such as sculpture, experimental art. architecture, landscaping, community planning, industrial design and the crafts like ceramics and furniture-making Auditory/Time 2. The auditory or time arts – those whose medium can be 1. Balance heard, and which are expressed in time. These are music and literature. Balance is the sense that the art "feels right" and Combined not heavier on one side. 3. The combined arts – those whose mediums can be both Having a symmetrical seen and heard, and which exist in both space and time. arrangement adds a sense These include the dance, the drama, the opera, and the of calm, whereas an movies. Along with music, there are also known as the asymmetrical arrangement performing arts, because each art work is apprehended creates a more dynamic as a happening. feeling. Visual Arts In definition, visual art refers to anything that can be visually perceived and interpreted, such as paintings, sculptures, and drawings.  Radial Symmetry: Elements are equally spaced around a central point, as in the spokes coming out of the hub of a bicycle tire. 2. Movement Movement is the result of using the Contrast in art comes in many forms, the contrast between elements of art such that they move light and dark (values), the contrast between hues or the viewer's eye around and within saturation (colour), and even the contrast between texture the image. and form. A sense of movement can be created Value Contrast in art is the relative light or darkness of by diagonal or curvy lines, either a colour, irrespective of its hue. real or implied, or by edges, the illusion of space, repetition, or 6. Repetition energetic markmaking. Repetition in art refers to 3. Rhythm the act of repeating an In the arts, rhythm is most closely element, such as a line or associated with music and dance. colour, throughout a work. Musical rhythm involves a beat that is repeated over time. Repetition in art is a principle of design and tool Visual rhythm is created by used by artists to create repeating shapes (a pattern), unity and balance. lines, colors, or any other visual component. 7. Proportion 4. Emphasis Proportion is largely about the relationship of the size of one element Emphasis is a principle of art that when compared to another. refers to the use of visual elements to draw attention to a certain area, scale and proportion in art also work usually a focal point, in an artwork. together 5. Contrast Contrast is a compositional element in Theories in Composition art and a principle of art and design. Golden Mean By altering the level of contrast in an Rules of Thirds artwork, you can change the overall tone and feel of the piece.  Golden Mean Form The golden ratio, also known as the Form refers to objects that are 3- Dimensional, or have divine proportion, is a mathematical length, width, and height. ratio of 1:1.618, or Phi, with a decimal that stretches to infinity, closely linked to the Fibonacci sequence. Example: Hokusai’s Great Wave off Kanagawa, 1831 The wave may at first appear wild and spontaneous, closer examination reveals Forms can be: that Hokusai has in fact made a 1. Geometric Forms mathematically ordered design, in which a 2. Organic Forms series of curved lines follow the golden ratio sequence Line Rules of Thirds Line is considered by many to be the most basic element of art. In terms of art, line is considered "a moving dot". The rule of thirds is a composition technique that guides you to place your Characteristics of Line subject on the left or right, leaving ✓ Thin lines are fragile. They appear easy to break or more room for the other objects. knock over. They suggest frailty and convey an elegant quality. They are delicate and give off an ephemeral Using this grid, you must place your air. objects along the lines or at the points ✓ Thick lines on the other hand appear difficult to where they intersect. break. They suggest strength and give emphasis to nearby elements. Thick lines are bold and make a statement. Example: ✓ Horizontal lines are parallel to the horizon (hence The human figure is the subject or the the name). They look like they’re lying down, at rest, focal point, placed along the right asleep. They suggest calm and quiet, a relaxed comfort line. This way, the focus remains on the ✓ Vertical lines are filled with potential energy that subject, but the other visual elements could be released if they were to fall over. Vertical complement it and set the scene. lines are strong and rigid. They can suggest stability, especially when thicker. ✓ Diagonal lines are unbalanced. They are filled with Light restless and uncontrolled energy. They can appear to be either rising or falling and convey action and Light often describes the light motion. source or light reflected within ✓ Curved lines are softer than straight lines. They the composition. sweep and turn gracefully between end points. Curved lines express fluid movement. ✓ Zigzag lines are a combination of diagonal lines that connect at points. They create excitement and intense movement Space and Depth Space and Depth is the area between and around an object; real space is three- dimensional. Space can also refer to the two- dimensional illusion of depth. 3. Color Schemes Positive Space: the space the object occupies When grays are added to the color, the intensity of the Negative Space: space between the edge of the color is affected. Intensity is related to value which positive space and the frame. results to color schemes: ✓ Monochromatic Color ✓ Complimentary Color is the element of art that refers to reflected light. ✓ Analogous Color theory is defined as a theory because it cannot be proved. Monochromatic literally means one (mono) Color Theory can be broken down into 3 parts: color (chroma). So a monochromatic color 1. the color wheel, scheme is made up of one color and it’s 2. color value, and shades and tints. 3. color schemes. 1. Color Wheel Complimentary are colors found directly across from each other on the color wheel. Complementary color scheme provides strong contrast. 2. Color Value Analogous are colors that are next Value is the darkness or lightness of a color. When dealing to each other on the color wheel. with pure color (hue), value can be affected by adding When used as a color scheme, white or black to a color. analogous colors can be dramatic. Texture Visual Texture Texture is one of the elements of art that is used to represent how an object appears or feels. Sculptors and architects can create texture in a three- dimensional work of art by manipulating the surface texture of a piece. Painters can convey the illusion of texture in a two- dimensional work of art to imply how an object or subject matter might feel if it was really touched Types of Textures: 1. Physical Texture 2. Visual Texture Artists who create works of art on a two-dimensional surface, such as painters or draftsmen, are creating a Physical Texture visual texture of their work by manipulating materials on their canvas. The physical texture of a work of art refers to its tactile texture that you can feel when you touch it.