Plumbing History and Basic Principles PDF

ARBU 1 BUILDING UTILITIES 1 PLUMBING AND SANITARY SYSTEMS AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp  10,200 BCE WELLS Use of Wells become prominent: Water would be carried in vessels for you indoors  2,600 BCE ANCIENT PLUMBING SYSTEM The very first sys...

ARBU 1 BUILDING UTILITIES 1 PLUMBING AND SANITARY SYSTEMS AR. ARJEE LOUIE DC. JIMENEZ, uap, rmp  10,200 BCE WELLS Use of Wells become prominent: Water would be carried in vessels for you indoors  2,600 BCE ANCIENT PLUMBING SYSTEM The very first system of pipes to carry water from one place to another was built in the Indus valley Civilization.  2,500 BCE EGYPTIANS The earliest plumbing pipes were made of baked clay and straw and the first copper pipes were made by the Egyptians. They dug wells as deep as 300 feet and invented the water wheel.  1,500 BCE GREEKS The Greeks advanced the science of plumbing. Hot and cold running water and bathtubs were part of everyday life in ancient Greece.  312 BCE ROMANS The Roman aqueduct was a channel used to transport fresh water to highly populated areas. Pont Du Gard Aqueduct  Plumbing "PLUMBUM" This means “lead”, a metal used as plumbing material by the Romans. Plumbarius - refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome. Roman Bath House Cloaca Maxima  Public latrines had 20 seats or more arranged in a circular manner, where water constantly ran beneath them, to carry the waste into the nearest sewer.  1066-1485 MEDIEVAL TIMES Traces of early sanitary practices existed in monasteries and castles of feudal lords in England. Most castles in England had Garderobes, a Garderobe being a projection with a seat on which you sat, and the waste simply dropped into the soil, moat, or river below. Menials were made to scrape and carry away this waste.  1596 First Flushable Toilet The Queen’s godson, John Harington invented the first flush toilet for the Queen at her residence at Richmond Palace. Historians and sources close to the Queen reveal that although enthusiastic about the flushing toilet, the queen was afraid to use it. She is believed to have said that the apparatus made scary sounds like thunderstorms with terrifying rushes of water every time it was used.  1600 Water Works The concept of the shower began in ancient times with outdoor waterfalls and buckets of water. The first water system in America was built in Boston in the mid-1600s. This proved to be one of the milestones in the city’s history and helped to build the city into a modern-day Metropolis.  1775 Flush Toilets The first valve-type flush toilet was introduced in 1738 by a man named J.F. Brondel. Also in the year 1775, Alexander Cumming, a Scottish watchmaker, and inventor became the first Englishman to the patent design of the flush toilet. The design still survives today and was the forerunner of the modern toilet.  1778 Joseph Bramah's WC Joseph Bramah improvised Cumming’s invention using hinged valves. His creation is the prototype for closets aboard ships and boats.  1810 The First Shower One of the earliest modern-style showers was the English Regency Shower that pumped water continually from a lower basin to a cistern directly above the bather's head using the same wastewater. It was considered a novelty even among the aristocrats of those times.  1815 Water Systems in Philadelphia The city of Philadelphia was among the first to undertake a safe water supply as a governance issue. Water pipelines ran throughout the length and breadth of the city supplying both paid and free supply. The city's first water system was located at Centre Square. The power of steam turbines was used to draw water from the Schuylkill River.  1829 Tremont Hotels Builds Indoor Toilets In 1829, Tremont Hotel in Boston commissioned Isaiah Rogers, an American architect to build the interiors. It was the first hotel to have indoor plumbing and running water for guests. Eight water closets (toilets) were provided on the ground floor while bathrooms were located in the basement area.  1848 National Public Health Act The national public health Act is passed in England, becoming a role model in plumbing codes for the rest of the world.  17th Century "Walled City" Intramuros was established by the Spaniards as a model community. The Friars Engineers who built the government buildings, residential and other structures, incorporated European standards in their plumbing installations.  20th Century Gov. Gen. F.B. Harrison Health and hygiene become a priority when epidemics including cholera, leprosy, schistosomiasis, and other contagious disease engulfed the Philippines. Alarmed, Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison issued a letter of instruction on proper waste disposal in all municipalities.  1935 1902 NAMPAP The National Master Plumber Association Plumbing Trade of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was organized and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Plumbing trade was duly recognized by the government. The city of Manila was the model community. Master Plumber John F. Hass became the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and Inspection.  1954 Plumbing Law City Ordinance 2411 In 1954, the Third Congress of the Republic of the Philippines approved the House Bill Initiated by the NAMPAP, the Department of No. 962, which became the Republic Act Public Services of the City of Manila was No. 1378 created by an Act of Congress. City Ordinance 2411, otherwise known as the "Plumbing Code for the city of Manila" 1955 wa enacted in consulation with NAMPAP. R.A. 1378 On June 18, 1955, RA.1378, or the “Plumbing Law of the Philippines” was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay.  1959 NPCP 1966-1969 On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Engineer Plumbing Code of the Philippines prepared by NAMPAP was In 1966-1969, the Board of Examiners for promulgated and approved by Master Plumbers and the NAMPAP Malacanang. prepared the curriculum for Plumbing ENgineers that was approved by the NAMPAP also assisted in the passage Department of Education and was first of the law creating the National introduced at the FEATI UNiversity. Waterworks and Sewerage Authority (NAWASA).  1999 Revised NPC The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) adopted the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 which President Joseph Estrada approved December 21, 1999, pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as the Plumbing Law.  Plumbing The art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases and other substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure health and sanitation of life and property. Basic Principles of Plumbing 1. All premises intended for human use or habitation shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water, neither connected to unsafe water supply nor subject to backflow or back-siphonage. 2. Plumbing fixtures, devices, and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and pressure adequate to function satisfactorily and without undue noise. 3. Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper performance and cleaning Basic Principles of Plumbing 4. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion through overheating. 5. Every building abutting on a street, alley or easement with a public sewer shall connect its plumbing fixtures to the sewer system. 6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one water closet, one kitchen type sink, a lavatory and a bathtub or shower to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene. Basic Principles of Plumbing 7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non absorbent material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures. 8. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned. 9. All piping shall be of durable NAMPAP-APPROVED materials, free from defective workmanship, designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service. Basic Principles of Plumbing 10. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap. 11. The drainage pipes piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use. 12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to prevent clogging and the return of foul air to the building. Basic Principles of Plumbing 13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship. 14. Substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall not be allowed to enter the building drainage system. 15. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building drainage system. Basic Principles of Plumbing 16. No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and ventilated. 17. If there is no sewer system in the area, suitable provision shall be made for the disposal of building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank. 18. Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building. Basic Principles of Plumbing 19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers. 20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use. 21. Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage. 22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing system which may be deleterious to surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment. THANK YOU. Drink your water, Bhie.