North-South Korea History PDF

# NORTH-SOUTH KOREA - **1945-1950** - 15 August 1945: Korean as Independence day - 1945: Korea divided along the 38th parallel into Soviet & American Zones. - 1948 September: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) is established. - 15 August 1948: The Republic o...

# NORTH-SOUTH KOREA - **1945-1950** - 15 August 1945: Korean as Independence day - 1945: Korea divided along the 38th parallel into Soviet & American Zones. - 1948 September: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) is established. - 15 August 1948: The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is established. - **1950-1953 KOREAN WAR** - 25 June 1950: North Korea invades South Korea. - 27 July 1953: An armistice is signed, ending the fighting. - **1953-60:** - Industrialization by Soviet Union of North Korea. - South Korea economic development by USA aid. - **1970's-1980's:** - 4 July 1972: 1st Inter-Korean summit leading to the 4th July joint statement of North South. - 1980's: South Korea experiences significant economic growth & democratization movement. - **1990's:** - September 1991: Koncas fount the UN. - 8 July 1994: North Korean Leader Kim Il-sung dies. Kim Jong il takes over. - October 1994: The Agreed Framework is signed to halt North Korea's Nuclear programme exchange of aid. - **2000's:** - 15 June 2000: 2nd inter-Korean summit between Kim Jong Il and South Korean president Kim Dae-jung - October 2002: North Korea admits to a secret Nuclear programme. - **2010** - 23 November 2010: North Korean attack using artillery on Yeonpyeong Island. - 2017: North Korea conducts multiple missile tests and a nuclear detonation, increasing tensions. - 27 April 2018: North Korean leader Kim Jong-un & South Korean President Moon Jae-in hold a historic summit. - Signed" September 19 military aquement" - Null and void at present. - 12 June 2018: US President Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un meet in Singapore. - **2020's:** - June 2020: North Korea demolishes the inter-Korean lisison office in Kaesong. - October 2021: South Korean president Moon Jae-in tries to resume dialogue. - 21011 2022: North Korea conducts several missile tests, maintaining high tensions. - **2023** - July 2023: North Korea conducts 1st successful test of Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). -April 2023: Nouth Korea launches 1st military reconnaissance satellite - didn't achieve orbit. - September 2023: South Korea and USA hold large-scale joint military exercises, prompting more tests. - **2024:** - February 2024: North Korea conducts another missile test claiming advancements in nuclear arsenal. ­ - March 2024: South Korea's National Security Council discussions. - April 2024: Tensions escalated due to North Korean threats. # DADASAHED PHALKE INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL: Facts - Founded in 2012 and established in 2016 to carry the legacy of the Late Shri Dhundiraj Govind Phalke. - India's only independent Film festival. ## WINNERS: - **Best Film:** Jawan - **Best Director:** Sandeep Reddy Vanga (Animal) - **Best Actor (Critics):** Vicky Kawhal (Sam Bahadur) - **Best Actress (Crities):** Kareena Kapoor khan (Jannat Jaan) - **Best Short Film:** Good Morning - **Best International Feature Film:** Oppenheimer - **Best Film (Critics):** 12th Fail - **Best Actor:** SharukhKhan (Jawan) - **Best Actress:** Rani Mukerji (Mrs Chatterjer V/s Norway) # ICC: FACTS - It's an intergovernmental organization & International tribunal. - Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. - 1st & only permanent court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the International crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes & the crimes of aggression. - Formed in 2002, under the multilateral Rome Statute. - In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly 1st recognized the need for a permanent International court to deal with atrocities like in the World War 2. ## ORGANIZATION: **4 Principal Organs:** - the Presidency - the Judicial Division - the Office of the Prosecutor - the Registry - The President is the most senior judge chosen by the 18 Judges of the Judicial Division. - Judicial Division is composed of 18 Judges and hears cases in courts. - The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes & initiates criminal proceedings in front of the Judicial Division. - The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, the headquarters, detention unit & public defense office. # ICC: MALI CHIEF, BENJAMIN NETANHAYU & VLADMIR PUTIN - The International Criminal Court gave a guilty verdict in the case of an Al-Qaeda-linked jihadist accused of war crimes against humanity during the alleged reign of terror in Mali. - Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz Ag Mohamed Ag Mahmoud will be sentenced on 20 November 2024. His crimes could amount to life imprisonment. ## VERDICT: - The charges leveled on him are of torture, rape and sexual slavery alongside destroying religious & historic buildings. ## ACCUSED: - Personally overseeing amputations & floggings while he served as police Chief during Awar Dine’s reign over Imbuktu “Pearl of Desert.” - Rape & forced marriage of women to the members of the armed group. - Flogging women accused of adultery. # BRI: Belt & ROAD INITIATIVE - The One Belt, One Road initiative is a large-scale infrastructure & economic development project initiated by China. - Announced by President Xi Jingping towards the end of 2013. - Silk Road Economic Belt & a 21st century Maritime Silk Road - Collectively known as OBOR. - Connect China with Europe through Central Asia. ## 2 Components: - **BELT:** Land-based Silk Road Economic Belt - **ROAD:** Ocean-going Maritime Silk Road connecting Southeast Asian region to Southeun China. ## #Silk Road: - Plan to connect Pacific & Indian Ocean. - Connect Chinese coastline to SE Asia, South Asia, the Gulf & the East Coast of Africa. - Chinese Moushhee Plan ## COUNTRIES INVOLVED: - Covering Asia & Europe, taking about 60 countries in it. - Open to nations & international organizations. ## CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR: - Connect Kashgar in Xinjiang, China to part of Gwadar in the province of Baluchistan via pipelines, highways & railway. - Allows China to import energy resources like petroleum from Middle East to China via Pakistan. - China signed 51 MoVs with Pakistan worth $46 billion part of CPEC in April 2015. # ICC: MALI CHIEF, BENJAMIN NETANHAYU & VLADMIR PUTIN - The International Criminal Court gave a guilty verdict in the case of an Al-Garda-linked Al-Qaeda - linked jihadist accused of war crimesvagainst humanity during the alleged reign of terror in Mali. - Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz Ag Mohamed Ag Mahmoud will be sentenced on 20 November 2024. His crimes could amount to life imprisonment. ## VERDICT: - The charges leveled on him are of torture, rape and sexual slavery alongside destroying religious & historic buildings. ## ACCUSED: - Personally overseeing amputations & floggings while he served as police Chief during Awar Dine’s reign over Imbuktu “Pearl of Desert.” - Rape & forced marriage of women to the members of the armed group. - Flogging women accused of adultery. # BRI: Belt & ROAD INITIATIVE - The One Belt, One Road initiative is a large-scale infrastructure & economic development project initiated by China. - Announced by President Xi Jingping towards the end of 2013. - Silk Road Economic Belt & a 21st century Maritime Silk Road - Collectively known as OBOR. - Connect China with Europe through Central Asia. ## 2 Components: - **BELT:** Land-based Silk Road Economic Belt - **ROAD:** Ocean-going Maritime Silk Road connecting Southeast Asian region to Southeun China. ## #Silk Road: - Plan to connect Pacific & Indian Ocean. - Connect Chinese coastline to SE Asia, South Asia, the Gulf & the East Coast of Africa. - Chinese Moushhee Plan ## COUNTRIES INVOLVED: - Covering Asia & Europe, taking about 60 countries in it. - Open to nations & international organizations. ## CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR: - Connect Kashgar in Xinjiang, China to part of Gwadar in the province of Baluchistan via pipelines, highways & railway. - Allows China to import energy resources like petroleum from Middle East to China via Pakistan. - China signed 51 MoVs with Pakistan worth $46 billion part of CPEC in April 2015. # GEOPOLITICS OF CPEC: - Cut down 16,000km distance via use of pipes to transport. - An oil refinery & storage at Gwadar port for oil transporting it to Xinjiang Uighewr Autonomous Region via road & pipeline. - Won’t have to go through Strait of Malacca. - Haly has ceased ties under the Belt & Road initiative in December 2023. # CHINA-IRAN: NO-LIMIT FRIENDSHIP - China & Iran signed a 25 year Strategic Cooperation Pact - includes political, economic & strategic cooperation. - In 2021. - Deepens the Hes & establishes a framework for “reciprocal investments in the fields of transport, ports, energy, industry & services.” - A part of China’s BRI. - China is Iran’s largest trading partner. # ICC: FACTS - It's an intergovernmental organization & International tribunal. - Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. - 1st & only permanent court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the International crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes & the crimes of aggression. - Formed in 2002, under the multilateral Rome Statute. - In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly 1st recognized the need for a permanent International court to deal with atrocities like in the World War 2. ## ORGANIZATION: **4 Principal Organs:** - the Presidency - the Judicial Division - the Office of the Prosecutor - the Registry - The President is the most senior judge chosen by the 18 Judges of the Judicial Division. - Judicial Division is composed of 18 Judges and hears cases in courts. - The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes & initiates criminal proceedings in front of the Judicial Division. - The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, the headquarters, detention unit & public defense office. # ICC: MALI CHIEF, BENJAMIN NETANHAYU & VLADMIR PUTIN - The International Criminal Court gave a guilty verdict in the case of an Al-Garda-linked Al-Qaeda - linked jihadist accused of war crimesvagainst humanity during the alleged reign of terror in Mali. - Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz Ag Mohamed Ag Mahmoud will be sentenced on 20 November 2024. His crimes could amount to life imprisonment. ## VERDICT: - The charges leveled on him are of torture, rape and sexual slavery alongside destroying religious & historic buildings. ## ACCUSED: - Personally overseeing amputations & floggings while he served as police Chief during Awar Dine’s reign over Imbuktu “Pearl of Desert.” - Rape & forced marriage of women to the members of the armed group. - Flogging women accused of adultery. # BRI: Belt & ROAD INITIATIVE - The One Belt, One Road initiative is a large-scale infrastructure & economic development project initiated by China. - Announced by President Xi Jingping towards the end of 2013. - Silk Road Economic Belt & a 21st century Maritime Silk Road - Collectively known as OBOR. - Connect China with Europe through Central Asia. ## 2 Components: - **BELT:** Land-based Silk Road Economic Belt - **ROAD:** Ocean-going Maritime Silk Road connecting Southeast Asian region to Southeun China. ## #Silk Road: - Plan to connect Pacific & Indian Ocean. - Connect Chinese coastline to SE Asia, South Asia, the Gulf & the East Coast of Africa. - Chinese Moushhee Plan ## COUNTRIES INVOLVED: - Covering Asia & Europe, taking about 60 countries in it. - Open to nations & international organizations. ## CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR: - Connect Kashgar in Xinjiang, China to part of Gwadar in the province of Baluchistan via pipelines, highways & railway. - Allows China to import energy resources like petroleum from Middle East to China via Pakistan. - China signed 51 MoVs with Pakistan worth $46 billion part of CPEC in April 2015. # GEOPOLITICS OF CPEC: - Cut down 16,000km distance via use of pipes to transport. - An oil refinery & storage at Gwadar port for oil transporting it to Xinjiang Uighewr Autonomous Region via road & pipeline. - Won’t have to go through Strait of Malacca. - Haly has ceased ties under the Belt & Road initiative in December 2023. # CHINA-IRAN: NO-LIMIT FRIENDSHIP - China & Iran signed a 25 year Strategic Cooperation Pact - includes political, economic & strategic cooperation. - In 2021. - Deepens the Hes & establishes a framework for “reciprocal investments in the fields of transport, ports, energy, industry & services.” - A part of China’s BRI. - China is Iran’s largest trading partner. # June 2024, sina issued warrants for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing attacks on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to detain & transfer any of them if they set foot in their country. # BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: ISRAEL PM - Investigation into the State of Palestine issue since 3 March 2021. - The Prosecution filed for arrest warrant on 20 May 2024. - Karim Khan: - Mohammad Dias Ibrahim Al-Masri & Yahya Sinwar. - You war crimes and crimes against humanity _in Israel & Gaza from atleast 7 October 2023_. - Benjamin Netanyahu & your gallant for war crimes & crimes against humanity alleging committed on the Have Gaza Stript at least from 8 October 2023. - (Maybe) - # To be Continued # June 2024, sina issued warrants for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing attacks on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to detain & transfer any of them if they set foot in their country. # BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: ISRAEL PM - Investigation into the State of Palestine issue since 3 March 2021. - The Prosecution filed for arrest warrant on 20 May 2024. - Karim Khan: - Mohammad Dias Ibrahim Al-Masri & Yahya Sinwar. - You war crimes and crimes against humanity _in Israel & Gaza from atleast 7 October 2023_. - Benjamin Netanyahu & your _gallant_ for war crimes & crimes against humanity alleging committed on the Have Gaza Stript at least from 8 October 2023. - (Maybe) - # To be Continued # June 2024, sina issued warrants for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing attacks on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to detain & transfer any of them if they set foot in their country. # BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: ISRAEL PM - Investigation into the State of Palestine issue since 3 March 2021. - The Prosecution filed for arrest warrant on 20 May 2024. - Karim Khan: - Mohammad Dias Ibrahim Al-Masri & Yahya Sinwar. - You war crimes _and_ crimes against humanity _in Israel & Gaza from atleast 7 October 2023_. - Benjamin Netanyahu _& your gallant_ for war crimes & crimes against humanity alleging committed on the Have Gaza _Stript_ at least from 8 October 2023. - (Maybe) - # To be Continued # June 2024, sina issued warrants for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing attacks on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to detain & transfer any of them if they set foot in their country. # BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: ISRAEL PM - Investigation into the State of Palestine issue since 3 March 2021. - The Prosecution filed for arrest warrant on 20 May 2024. - Karim Khan: - Mohammad Dias Ibrahim Al-Masri & Yahya Sinwar. - You war crimes _and_ crimes against humanity _in Israel & Gaza from atleast 7 October 2023_. - Benjamin Netanyahu _& your gallant_ for war crimes & crimes against humanity alleging committed on the Have Gaza _Stript_ at least from 8 October 2023. - (Maybe) - # To be Continued # ICC: FACTS - It's an intergovernmental organization & International tribunal. - Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. - 1st & only permanent court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the International crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes & the crimes of aggression. - Formed in 2002, under the multilateral Rome Statute. - In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly 1st recognized the need for a permanent International court to deal with atrocities like in the World War 2. ## ORGANIZATION: **4 Principal Organs:** - the Presidency - the Judicial Division - the Office of the Prosecutor - the Registry - The President is the most senior judge chosen by the 18 Judges of the Judicial Division. - Judicial Division is composed of 18 Judges and hears cases in courts. - The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes & initiates criminal proceedings in front of the Judicial Division. - The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, the headquarters, detention unit & public defense office. # ICC: MALI CHIEF, BENJAMIN NETANHAYU & VLADMIR PUTIN - The International Criminal Court gave a guilty verdict in the case of an Al-Garda-linked Al-Qaeda - linked jihadist accused of war crimesvagainst humanity during the alleged reign of terror in Mali. - Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz Ag Mohamed Ag Mahmoud will be sentenced on 20 November 2024. His crimes could amount to life imprisonment. ## VERDICT: - The charges leveled on him are of torture, rape and sexual slavery alongside destroying religious & historic buildings. ## ACCUSED: - Personally overseeing amputations & floggings while he served as police Chief during Awar Dine’s reign over Imbuktu “Pearl of Desert.” - Rape & forced marriage of women to the members of the armed group. - Flogging women accused of adultery. # ICC: MALI CHIEF, BENJAMIN NETANHAYU & VLADMIR PUTIN - The International Criminal Court gave a guilty verdict in the case of an Al-Garda-linked Al-Qaeda - linked jihadist accused of war crimesvagainst humanity during the alleged reign of terror in Mali. - Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz Ag Mohamed Ag Mahmoud will be sentenced on 20 November 2024. His crimes could amount to life imprisonment. ## VERDICT: - The charges leveled on him are of torture, rape and sexual slavery alongside destroying religious & historic buildings. ## ACCUSED: - Personally overseeing amputations & floggings while he served as police Chief during Awar Dine’s reign over Imbuktu “Pearl of Desert.” - Rape & forced marriage of women to the members of the armed group. - Flogging women accused of adultery. # June 2024, sina issued warrants for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing attacks on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to detain & transfer any of them if they set foot in their country. # BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: ISRAEL PM - Investigation into the State of Palestine issue since 3 March 2021. - The Prosecution filed for arrest warrant on 20 May 2024. - Karim Khan: - Mohammad Dias Ibrahim Al-Masri & Yahya Sinwar. - You war crimes _and_ crimes against humanity _in Israel & Gaza from atleast 7 October 2023_. - Benjamin Netanyahu _& your gallant_ for war crimes & crimes against humanity alleging committed on the Have Gaza _Stript_ at least from 8 October 2023. - (Maybe) - # To be Continued # June 2024, sina issued warrants for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing attacks on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to detain & transfer any of them if they set foot in their country. # BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: ISRAEL PM - Investigation into the State of Palestine issue since 3 March 2021. - The Prosecution filed for arrest warrant on 20 May 2024. - Karim Khan: - Mohammad Dias Ibrahim Al-Masri & Yahya Sinwar. - You war crimes _and_ crimes against humanity _in Israel & Gaza from atleast 7 October 2023_. - Benjamin Netanyahu _& your gallant_ for war crimes & crimes against humanity alleging committed on the Have Gaza _Stript_ at least from 8 October 2023. - (Maybe) - # To be Continued # ICC: FACTS - It's an intergovernmental organization & International tribunal. - Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. - 1st & only permanent court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the International crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes & the crimes of aggression. - Formed in 2002, under the multilateral Rome Statute. - In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly 1st recognized the need for a permanent International court to deal with atrocities like in the World War 2. ## ORGANIZATION: **4 Principal Organs:** - the Presidency - the Judicial Division - the Office of the Prosecutor - the Registry - The President is the most senior judge chosen by the 18 Judges of the Judicial Division. - Judicial Division is composed of 18 Judges and hears cases in courts. - The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes & initiates criminal proceedings in front of the Judicial Division. - The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, the headquarters, detention unit & public defense office. # June 2024, sina issued warrants for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing attacks on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to detain & transfer any of them if they set foot in their country. # BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: ISRAEL PM - Investigation into the State of Palestine issue since 3 March 2021. - The Prosecution filed for arrest warrant on 20 May 2024. - Karim Khan: - Mohammad Dias Ibrahim Al-Masri & Yahya Sinwar. - You war crimes _and_ crimes against humanity _in Israel & Gaza from atleast 7 October 2023_. - Benjamin Netanyahu _& your gallant_ for war crimes & crimes against humanity alleging committed on the Have Gaza _Stript_ at least from 8 October 2023. - (Maybe) - # To be Continued # ICC: FACTS - It's an intergovernmental organization & International tribunal. - Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. - 1st & only permanent court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the International crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes & the crimes of aggression. - Formed in 2002, under the multilateral Rome Statute. - In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly 1st recognized the need for a permanent International court to deal with atrocities like in the World War 2. ## ORGANIZATION: **4 Principal Organs:** - the Presidency - the Judicial Division - the Office of the Prosecutor - the Registry - The President is the most senior judge chosen by the 18 Judges of the Judicial Division. - Judicial Division is composed of 18 Judges and hears cases in courts. - The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes & initiates criminal proceedings in front of the Judicial Division. - The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, the headquarters, detention unit & public defense office. # June 2024, sina issued warrants for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing attacks on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to detain & transfer any of them if they set foot in their country. # BENJAMIN NETANYAHU: ISRAEL PM - Investigation into the State of Palestine issue since 3 March 2021. - The Prosecution filed for arrest warrant on 20 May 2024. - Karim Khan: - Mohammad Dias Ibrahim Al-Masri & Yahya Sinwar. - You war crimes _and_ crimes against humanity _in Israel & Gaza from atleast 7 October 2023_. - Benjamin Netanyahu _& your gallant_ for war crimes & crimes against humanity alleging committed on the Have Gaza _Stript_ at least from 8 October 2023. - (Maybe) - # To be Continued # ICC: FACTS - It's an intergovernmental organization & International tribunal. - Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. - 1st & only permanent court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the International crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes & the crimes of aggression. - Formed in 2002, under the multilateral Rome Statute. - In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly 1st recognized the need for a permanent International court to deal with atrocities like in the World War 2. ## ORGANIZATION: **4 Principal Organs:** - the Presidency - the Judicial Division - the Office of the Prosecutor - the Registry - The President is the most senior judge chosen by the 18 Judges of the Judicial Division. - Judicial Division is composed of 18 Judges and hears cases in courts. - The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes & initiates criminal proceedings in front of the Judicial Division. - The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, the headquarters, detention unit & public defense office. # ICC: FACTS - It's an intergovernmental organization & International tribunal. - Headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. - 1st & only permanent court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the International crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes & the crimes of aggression. - Formed in 2002, under the multilateral Rome Statute. - In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly 1st recognized the need for a permanent International court to deal with atrocities like in the World War 2. ## ORGANIZATION: **4 Principal Organs:** - the Presidency - the Judicial Division - the Office of the Prosecutor - the Registry - The President is the most senior judge chosen by the 18 Judges of the Judicial Division. - Judicial Division is composed of 18 Judges and hears cases in courts. - The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes & initiates criminal proceedings in front of the Judicial Division. - The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, the headquarters, detention unit & public defense office. # _ICC: Basic Facts & Latest Updates_ - Founded on 1 July, 2002. - Established under the Rome Statute, which governs its functions and jurisdiction. - The Headquarters are in The Hague, Netherlands. - The ICC is designed to prosecute indivisuals for international crimes such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crimes of aggression. ## Structure: - Composed of 18 Judges elected for a term of 9 years by the Assembly of State Palities. - The ICC has an independent prosecutor responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes within its jurisdiction. - The Registry is responsible for the administration and support of the Court’s operations. ## Jurisdiction: - The ICC can prosecute crimes committed in the territories of states that are party to the Rome Statute or by nationals of such states. - The UNSC can refer cases, but the UNSC – even if it's a member state, isn't part of the Rome Statute. - _123 (Piatre Hrotmawi, Kareem khan)_ # _ICJ: Facts & Recent News_ - The principal judicial body of the United Nations formed to solve legal disputes among states & give advise on legal questions in UN general assembly & in agencies. - Established: 20 April 1946. - Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands. - Current President: Joan E. Donoghue. - Current Registrar: Philippe Couvreur. ## Composition: - Consists of 15 Judges elected for a term of 9 years by the UN General Assembly and the security council. - Judges can be re-elected, and the court aims to represent the world’s principal legal systems. ## Jurisdiction: - The ICJ’s jurisdiction is based on the _consent_ of states. It can only hear cases brought before it by states that have accepted its jurisdiction, either through treaties or special agreements. # _ICJ: Facts & Recent News_ - The principal judicial body of the United Nations formed to solve legal disputes among states & give advise on legal questions in UN general assembly & in agencies. - Established: 20 April 1946. - Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands. - Current President: Joan E. Donoghue. - Current Registrar: Philippe Couvreur. ## Composition: - Consists of 15 Judges elected for a term of 9 years by the UN General Assembly and the security council. - Judges can be re-elected, and the court aims to represent the world’s principal legal systems. ## Jurisdiction: - The ICJ’s jurisdiction is based on the _consent_ of states. It can only hear cases brought before it by states that have accepted its jurisdiction, either through treaties or special agreements. # _ICJ: Facts & Recent News_ - The principal judicial body of the United Nations formed to solve legal disputes _among_ states & give advise on legal questions in UN general assembly & in agencies. - Established: 20 April 1946. - Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands. - Current President: Joan E. Donoghue. - Current Registrar: Philippe Couvreur. ## Composition: - Consists of 15 Judges elected for a term of 9 years by the UN General Assembly and the security council. - Judges _can be_ re-elected, and the court aims to represent the world’s principal legal systems. ## Jurisdiction: - The ICJ’s jurisdiction is based on the _consent_ of states. It _can only_ hear cases brought before it by states that have accepted its jurisdiction, either through treaties or special agreements. # _ICJ: Facts & Recent News_ - The principal judicial body of the United Nations formed to solve legal disputes _among_ states & give advise on legal questions in UN general assembly & in agencies. - Established: 20 April 1946. - Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands. - Current President: Joan E. Donoghue. - Current Registrar: Philippe Couvreur. ## Composition: - Consists of 15 Judges elected for a term of 9 years by the UN General Assembly and the security council. - Judges _can be_ re-elected, and the court aims to represent the world’s principal legal systems. ## Jurisdiction: - The ICJ’s jurisdiction is based on the _consent_ of states. It _can only_ hear cases brought before it by states that have accepted its jurisdiction, either through treaties or special agreements. # Secretariat : - Headed by Secretary General. - Currently Antonio Guterres - Responsible for day-to-day operations of the UN, implementing decisions & supporting UN Bodies. - **Economic and Social Council:** - Comprises of 54 member states & focuses on promoting international economic & social cooperation & development. # UN AGENCIES : FACTS - **WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION** - Established on 7 April 1948, - Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. - Director-General is Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. - Focuses on global health issues, disease prevention & response to health emergencies. - **UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION:** - Established on 16 November 1945. - Headquarters are in Paris, France. - Current Director General is Audrey Azoulay - Promotes education, cultural preservation & scientific cooperation. # _ICJ: Facts & Recent News_ - The principal judicial body of the United Nations formed to solve legal disputes _among_ states & give advise on legal questions in UN general assembly & in agencies. - Established: 20 April 1946. - Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands. - Current President: Joan E. Donoghue. - Current Registrar: Philippe Couvreur. ## Composition: - Consists of 15 Judges elected for a term of 9 years by the UN General Assembly and the security council. - Judges _can be_ re-elected, and the court aims to represent the world’s principal legal systems. ## Jurisdiction: - The ICJ’s jurisdiction is based on the _consent_ of states. It _can only_ hear cases brought before it by states that have accepted its jurisdiction, either through treaties or special agreements. # June 2024, sina issued _warrants_ for Viktor Sokolov, Sergey Kobylash, Sergey Shoigu & Valery Gerasimov, members of the Russian military, accused of directing _attacks_ on civilians against humanity of “inhumane acts" under the Rome Statue. The 124 ICC members are obliged to