Adaptive Immunity PDF - Charles Sturt University

Charles Sturt University is an Australian University, TEQSA Provider Identification: PRV12018. CRICOS Provider: 00005F. The Adaptive Immune System A part of host-pathogen interactions Lecturer: Dr Peter Anderson Tetanu...

Charles Sturt University is an Australian University, TEQSA Provider Identification: PRV12018. CRICOS Provider: 00005F. The Adaptive Immune System A part of host-pathogen interactions Lecturer: Dr Peter Anderson Tetanus: A bacterial infection by Clostridium tetani releases tetanus toxin – rigid paralysis occurs On Gram stain, Clostridium tetani club-shaped spores are revealed  References References used in this topic 1. Adaptive Immunity (CH17). In Tortora, G. J., Funke, B. R., & Case, C. L. (2015). Microbiology, An introduction. Available online through CSU library LINK: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/csuau/reader.action?docID=5176328&ppg=500 2. Adaptive Defences (CH11). In Goering, Dockrell, Zuckerman & Chiodini. (2019). Mims' Medical Microbiology and Immunology (6 ed.): Elsevier Health Sciences. https://www-clinicalkey- com.ezproxy.csu.edu.au/student/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780702071546000114 3. T-Cell activation, Helper Subset Differentiation, and Memory (CH10). In: Punt, et al (2018). Kuby Immunology, Macmillan Learning. LINK: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/csuau/reader.action?docID=6120885&ppg=838 2 SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES  Learning Outcomes 1. Differentiate innate from adaptive immunity (17-1) 2. Differentiate humoral from cellular immunity (17-2) 3. Differentiate antigen, epitope, and hapten (17-3) 4. Describe the structure, function and chemistry of antibodies (17-4) 5. List a function for each class of antibody (17-5) 6. Contrast T-dependent with T-independent activation of B cells (17-6) 7. Describe B cell antigen presentation and activation (17-7) 8. Describe clonal selection of B cells (17-8) 9. Explain how almost an infinite number of Fvs can be produced on antibodies 10. Describe five outcomes of an antigen–antibody reaction (17-10) 11. Explain how CD8+ T cells become activated to differentiate into effector cells (7-14) 12. Be familiar with CD4+ effector cells and, especially the outcomes of TH1 and TH2s 13. Differentiate passive from active immunization 33 School of Biomedical Sciences  1. Differentiate innate from adaptive immunity Innate immunity: Defenses against any pathogen (Discussed previously) Non-specific defense Present from birth Consists of: innate immune cells + physical and chemical barriers Adaptive immunity: Induced resistance to a specific pathogen (This lecture) Specific defense Develops over one’s lifetime in response to challenge Challenges could be either: vaccination or disease 44 School of Biomedical Sciences  2. Differentiate innate from adaptive immunity Dual Nature of Adaptive Immunity Humoral Cellular response Response B cells When activated T cells Differentiate Antibodies Cytotoxic in serum Fully-differentiated T-lymphocytes Effector cells Secreted by plasma cells 5 5 Bind to Extracellular Pathogens Kill Intracellular School of BiomedicalPathogens Sciences  2. Differentiate innate from adaptive immunity Dual Nature of Adaptive Immunity Humoral Cellular response Response B cells T cells Antibodies Cytotoxic in serum T-lymphocytes 66 Figure 17.8 School of Biomedical Sciences  3. Define antigen, epitope and hapten The nature of antigens Antigen (Ag): A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells Antibodies (Ab) interact with epitopes or antigenic determinants Hapten: Antigen is combined with carrier molecules so they will together be recognised as an antigen A hapten is too small in molecular mass