‎⁨عربي2⁩.pdf

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﲔ )ض(...

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫ﲔ )ض( َو )ظ( ﻓَـ ُﻬ َﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔْﺮ ُق ﺑَـ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪ ِال‪َ ،‬و )ظ( اﲰُْﻬﺎ‪) :‬اﻟﻈّﺎءُ(‬ ‫ف ّ‬ ‫ﺎد َوﺗَـْﻨﺘَﻬﻲ ﲝَِْﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ ُ‬ ‫ﺚ ِاﻻ ْﺳﻢ‪ :‬ف )ض( اﲰُْﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫أَﱠوًﻻ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﺣْﻴ ُ‬ ‫َ َْ َِ ْ ٍَ ََ ﱠ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺛَﺎﻧِﻴًﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ت‬‫ﺮوف ﺗَﻄْﺒِ ًﻴﻘﺎ‪َ ،‬وﲤََﻴﱠـَﺰ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ اﳊُ ِ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻌ ُ‬‫ﻜﺎل ِﰲ ﻧُﻄْ ِﻘ ِﻪ َوُﻫ َﻮ أَ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ ِﺎد ﻟَﻪُ ِﻋ ﱠﺪةُ أَ ْﺷ ٍ‬‫ف ﱠ‬ ‫ﺚ اﻟﻨﱡﻄْﻖ‪ :‬ﻓَ َﺤْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺣْﻴ ُ‬ ‫ﺎت اﻷُ ْﺧَﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫ف ِﰲ اﻟﻠﱡﻐَ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻮد َﻫ َﺬا اﳊَْﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ ِﺎد(؛ ﻟِ َﻌ َﺪِم ُو ِ‬ ‫ﺖ‪) :‬ﻟُﻐَﺔُ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌَﺮﺑﻴﱠﺔُ ﺑِِﻪ؛ َوﻟِ َﺬا ﲰُّﻴَ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﱡﻐَﺔُ َ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ِﰲ‬ ‫ب اﻟﻠﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻀ ِﺮ َ‬‫اﻟﻔ ِﻢ‪ ،‬أَْو ﻳَ ْ‬ ‫داﺧ ِﻞ َ‬ ‫اس اﻟﻴُ ْﻤ َﲎ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ِﰲ اﻷَ ْ‬ ‫ب اﻟﻠﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻀ ِﺮ َ‬ ‫َوﻧُﻄْ ُﻘﻪُ‪ :‬إِ ﱠﻣﺎ أَ ْن ﺗَ ْ‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ِﰲ‬ ‫ب اﻟﻠﱢ ُ‬ ‫ﻀ ِﺮ َ‬‫اﺿ ِﻊ اﻟﻨﱡﻄْ ِﻖ ﻟَﻪُ‪ ،‬أَْو ﻳَ ْ‬ ‫ﺼ ُﺢ َﻣﻮ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ِﻢ‪َ.‬وَﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ اﻟﻄﱠﺮ َﻳﻘﺔُ أَﻓْ َ‬ ‫داﺧ ِﻞ َ‬ ‫اس اﻟﻴُ ْﺴَﺮى ِﻣ ْﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ ٍ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ﻃَﺮ َﻳﻘﺔٌ ﺗُﻈْ ِﻬُﺮﻩُ ﺑِﻨَﻄَ ٍﻖ َ‬ ‫اس؛ َوَﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ أَﻳْ ً‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﲔ اﻷَ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ِﻢ ُﻣْﻨﺒَ ِﺴﻄًﺎ ﺑَـ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻮﻳﻒ َ‬ ‫أَ ْﻋﻠَﻰ َْﲡ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎن ِﻣ َﻦ َ‬ ‫ف اﻟﻈّ ِﺎء ﻓَﻌِْﻨ َﺪ اﻟﻨﱡﻄْ ِﻖ ﺑِِﻪ ﳜَُْﺮ ُج ُﺟْﺰءٌ ِﻣ ْﻦ اﻟﻠﱢ ِ‬ ‫أَﱠﻣﺎ َﺣْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ُﺟ ْﺰءٌ ِﻣْﻨﻪُ‬ ‫ﲔ اﻟﻨﱡﻄْﻖ ﺑِِﻪ ﻳَ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬واَﻟْﻈّﺎءُ ِﺣ َ‬ ‫داﺧ َﻞ َ‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ِ‬ ‫ﲔ اﻟﻨﱡﻄْ ِﻖ ﺑِِﻪ ﻳَ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ ُﺎد ِﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺼ ٍﺎر‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﺧﺘِ َ‬ ‫َوﺑِ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎر َج َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺛَﺎﻟِﺜًﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔْﺮ َق ﺑـَْﻴـﻨَـ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑَ ْﻞ ﻳـُ ْﻌﺘَ َﻤ ُﺪ َﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ‫ﲔ َ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋ َﺪةٌ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘَ َﻤ َﺪةٌ ﺗـُﺒَـ ﱢُ‬ ‫ﺎك ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ُﻫﻨَ َ‬‫اﻟﺮ ْﺳﻢ َواَِْﻹ ْﻣﻼء _ ﻓَـﻠَْﻴ َ‬ ‫ﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺣْﻴ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋ َﺪةً ﺗـُﺒَـ ﱢُ‬ ‫ﺎك َﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ َﺎوَل أَ ْن َِﳚ َﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﺎع ﻓَـ َﻘ ْﻂ‪ِ ،‬ﻋ ْﻠ ًﻤﺎ ﺑِﺄَ ﱠن ُﻫﻨَ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءَ ِة واﻟْ ِﻜﺘﺎﺑَِﺔ و ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ِ‬ ‫ﻼع َوَﻛﺜْـَﺮِة ِ‬ ‫ِاﻻﻃﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻼع‪َ ،‬وَﻻ ﻓﺎﺋِ َﺪةَ ِﻣْﻨـ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءَ ِة و ِاﻻﻃﱢ ِ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ﺗَـ ْﻌﺘَ ِﻤ ُﺪ َﻋﻠَﻰ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ْﺮ َق‪َ ،‬وﻟَ ِﻜ ْﻦ ِﻫ َﻲ أَﻳْ ً‬‫َ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫)‪ِ 53‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﱠ ْﻌ ِﻦ ِﻇ ﱡﻞ اﻟﻈﱡ ْﻬ ِﺮ ﻋُﻈْ ُﻢ اﻟْ ِﺤ ْﻔ ِﻆ ♦♦♦أﻳِْﻘ ْﻆ َوأَﻧْ ِﻈ ْﺮ َﻋﻈْ َﻢ ﻇَ ْﻬ ِﺮ اﻟﻠﱠ ْﻔ ِﻆ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﱠﻌﻦ ‪):‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ،:‬وﻣﻌﲎ اﻟﻈﱠﻌﻦ‪ :‬اﻟﱰﺣﺎل واﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎم ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ‪ ،‬أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وﻇَﻠﱠ ْﻠﻨَﺎ ﻋَﻠَْﻴ ُﻜ ُﻢ اﻟْﻐَ َﻤ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ـﻞ ‪):‬وﺟﺎءَت ﰲ أرﺑﻌﺔ وﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ِﻇ ﱡ‬ ‫‪].٥٧‬‬ ‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﻀﻌُ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﺗَ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﱡ ْﻬ ِـﺮ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ اﻟﻈﱡ ْﻬﺮ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءَت ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ ﻓﻘﻂ؛ أوﳍﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬و ِﺣ َ‬ ‫ون ﴾]اﻟﺮوم‪].١٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﺗُﻈْ ِﻬ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺛِﻴَﺎﺑَ ُﻜ ْﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻈﱠ ِﻬ َﻴﺮةِ ﴾ ]اﻟﻨﻮر‪ ،[٥٨ :‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬و ِﺣ َ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ﻮﺿﻌﺎ‪ ،‬أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وﻟَ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻋ َﺬ ٌ‬ ‫ﻋُﻈْ ُﻢ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ وﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻴﻢ﴾ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].٧ :‬‬ ‫َﻋ ِﻈ ٌ‬ ‫ات ﴾‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠَ َﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ‪ ،‬أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬ﺣﺎﻓِﻈُﻮا ﻋَﻠَﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ـﻆ ‪):‬ﺟﺎءت ﰲ أرﺑﻌﺔ وأرﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫اﻟْ ِﺤ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].٢٣٨ :‬‬ ‫ـﻆ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﻘﻈﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وﺗَ ْﺤ َﺴﺒُـ ُﻬ ْﻢ أَﻳْـ َﻘﺎﻇًﺎ ﴾‬ ‫أﻳْ ِﻘ ْ‬ ‫]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪].١٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ‪ ،‬أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬ﻻ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َوأَﻧْ ِﻈ ْـﺮ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﻈﺎر ﲟﻌﲎ اﻹﻣﻬﺎل واﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ون ﴾ [اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].١٦٢ :‬‬ ‫اب َوَﻻ ُﻫ ْﻢ ﻳُـﻨْﻈَُﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻒ َﻋ ْﻨـ ُﻬ ُﻢ اﻟْ َﻌ َﺬ ُ‬ ‫ﻳُ َﺨ ﱠﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ‪ ،‬أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬واﻧْﻈُْﺮ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟْ ِﻌﻈَ ِﺎم َﻛ ْﻴ َ‬ ‫َﻋﻈْ َـﻢ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ً‬ ‫ﻧُـ ْﻨ ِﺸ ُﺰَﻫﺎ ﴾ [اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].٢٥٩ :‬‬ ‫ﺎب اﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ‪ ،‬أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻛِﺘَ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻇَ ْﻬ ِﺮ ‪):‬ﺧﻼف اﻟﺒَﻄْ ِﻦ ﻣﻦ اﳉﺴﺪ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻮرِﻫ ْﻢ ﴾ [اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].١٠١ :‬‬ ‫َوَراءَ ﻇُ ُﻬ ِ‬ ‫ﻆ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَـ ْﻮٍل ﴾ [ق‪].١٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬ﻣﺎ ﻳَـ ْﻠ ِﻔ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﱠ ْﻔ ِﻆ ‪):‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ٍ‬ ‫ﻼم ﻇُْﻔ ٍﺮ اﻧْـﺘَ ِﻈ ْﺮ ﻇَ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻏﻠُ ْﻆ ﻇَ َ‬ ‫اظ َﻛﻈْ ٍﻢ ﻇَﻠَ َﻤﺎ ♦♦♦ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ْﺮ ﻟَﻈَﻰ ُﺷ َﻮ ُ‬ ‫)‪ 54‬ﻇَ ِ‬ ‫ﻟَﻈَﻰ ‪):‬وﻫﻲ ٌ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ أﲰﺎء ﺟﻬﻨﱠﻢ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ ﻓﻘﻂ؛ أوﳍﻤﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎرا ﺗَـﻠَﻈﱠﻰ ﴾ [اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫﴿ َﻛ ﱠﻼ إِﻧﱠـ َﻬﺎ ﻟَﻈَﻰ ﴾ [اﳌﻌﺎرج‪ ،]١٥ :‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﻤﺎ ‪:‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻓَﺄَﻧْ َﺬ ْرﺗُ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﻧَ ً‬ ‫‪].١٤‬‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻳُـ ْﺮ َﺳ ُﻞ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ُﻜ َﻤﺎ ُﺷ َﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اظ ‪):‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ‬ ‫ُﺷ َﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺎر ﴾ [اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪].٣٥ :‬‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ٍ‬ ‫َﻛﻈْ ٍﻢ ‪):‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﱡ‬ ‫ﲡﺮع اﻟﻐَْﻴﻆ وﺗﺮك اﳌﺆاﺧﺬة ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ؛ أوﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻆ ﴾ [آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪].١٣٤ :‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ اﻟْﻐَْﻴ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ ِﻤ َ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬واﻟْ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ؛ أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻇَﻠَ َﻤﺎ ‪ ):‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﱡﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ وﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﲦﺎﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﴾ [اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].٣٥ :‬‬ ‫﴿ﻓَـﺘَ ُﻜﻮﻧَﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻈﱠﺎﻟِ ِﻤ َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ؛ أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻆ ‪ِ ):‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐِﻠﻈﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺮﻗﱠﺔ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻏﻠُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫﴿ وﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻈﺎ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﴾ [آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪].١٥٩ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ؛ أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪﴿:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻼم ‪):‬ﺿﺪ اﻟﻨﱡﻮر‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ وﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻇَ َ‬ ‫ون ﴾ [اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].١٧ :‬‬ ‫ﺼ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺎت َﻻ ﻳُـﺒْ ِ‬ ‫َوﺗَـ َﺮَﻛ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻓِﻲ ﻇُﻠُ َﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬ﺣ ﱠﺮْﻣﻨَﺎ ُﻛ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻇُْﻔ ٍﺮ ‪):‬ﲨﻌﻬﺎ أﻇﻔﺎر‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ‬ ‫ِذي ﻇُُﻔ ٍﺮ ﴾ [اﻷﻧﻌﺎم‪].١٤٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ؛ أوﳍﺎ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫اﻧْـﺘَ ِﻈ ْﺮ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﲟﻌﲎ اﻻرﺗﻘﺎب‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ وﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ون إِﱠﻻ أَ ْن ﻳَﺄْﺗِﻴَـ ُﻬ ُﻢ اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ﴾ [اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].٢١٠ :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬ﻫ ْﻞ ﻳَـ ْﻨﻈُُﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻇَ َﻤﺎ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻤﺄ؛ أي‪ :‬اﻟﻌﻄﺶ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ؛ اﻷول ‪:‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻚ َﻻ ﺗَﻈْ َﻤﺄُ ِﻓ َﻴﻬﺎ ﴾ [ﻃﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺒُـ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻇَ َﻤﺄٌ ﴾ [اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،]١٢٠ :‬اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪:‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وأَﻧﱠ َ‬ ‫﴿ﻻ ﻳُ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺂن َﻣﺎءً ﴾ [اﻟﻨﻮر‪].٣٩ :‬‬ ‫ﺴﺒُﻪُ اﻟﻈﱠ ْﻤ ُ‬ ‫‪ ،]١١٩‬اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪:‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻳَ ْﺤ َ‬ ‫ف َﺳ َﻮا‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﻇَ ﱠﻞ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤ ِﻞ ُز ْﺧ ُﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﻀ َ‬‫)‪ 55‬أﻇﻔﺮ ﻇﻨﺎ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺟﺎ وﻋﻆ ِﺳ َﻮى ♦♦♦ ِﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ ُﺷ َﻌ َﺮا ﻧَﻈَ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻇَ ْﻠﺘُ ْﻢ َوﺑِ ُﺮ ٍوم ﻇَﻠﱡﻮا ♦♦♦ َﻛﺎﻟْ ِﺤ ْﺠ ِﺮ ﻇَﻠﱠ ْ‬ ‫)‪َ 56‬وﻇَ ْﻠ َ‬ ‫أَﻇْ َﻔ َـﺮ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﱠَﻔﺮ ﲟﻌﲎ اﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ واﻟﻨﺼﺮ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬ ‫﴿ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑَـ ْﻌ ِﺪ أَ ْن أَﻇْ َﻔ َﺮُﻛ ْﻢ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ ﴾ [اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪].٢٤ :‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َﱠ‬ ‫ﻇﻨـﺎ ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺟـﺎ)‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ؛ أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﲰًﺎ أو ﻓﻌﻼً‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ وﺳﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻮن أَﻧﱠـ ُﻬ ْﻢ ُﻣ َﻼﻗُﻮ َرﺑﱢ ِﻬ ْﻢ ﴾ [اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].٤٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻳَﻈُﻨﱡ َ‬ ‫﴿اﻟﱠ ِﺬ َ‬ ‫ـﻆ ‪):‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻋﻆ؛ أي‪ :‬اﻟﺘﺨﻮﻳﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬاب اﷲ واﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺛﻮاﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ‬ ‫َو ِﻋ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﴾ [اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].٦٦ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ؛ أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وَﻣ ْﻮ ِﻋﻈَﺔً ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤﺘﱠ ِﻘ َ‬ ‫ﲬﺴﺔ وﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ً‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻳﻦ َﺟ َﻌﻠُﻮا اﻟْ ُﻘ ْﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﻋﻆ ﻟﻔﻆ ِﻋﻀﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬اﻟﱠ ِﺬ َ‬ ‫ﺳﻮى ﻋﻀﻴﻦ)؛ أي‪ :‬إﻧﱠﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺟﺰؤوﻩ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﴾ [اﳊﺠﺮ‪ ،[٩١ :‬وﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗُﻘﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎد‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻓَِﺮﻗًﺎ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻀ َ‬ ‫ِﻋ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ وﻛﻔﺮوا ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﺆﻻء اﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﻠﻮا اﻟﻘﺮآن أﻋﻀﺎءً‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺂﻣﻨﻮا ِ‬ ‫أﻋﻀﺎء‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ أﻧﱠﻪ أﺳﺎﻃﲑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬إﻧﱠﻪ ِﺳ ْﺤﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬إﻧﱠﻪ ِﺷ ْﻌﺮ‪ ،‬وزﻋﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ أﻧﱠﻪ ﻛﻬﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬وزﻋﻢ ُ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ف َﺳ َﻮا ‪):‬ﻇَ ﱠـﻞ‪ :‬ﲟﻌﲎ دام أو ﺻﺎر‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ‬ ‫ـﻞ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺤ ِﻞ ُز ْﺧ ُﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﻇَ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرﰐ اﻟﻨﱠﺤﻞ واﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪ ،‬وﳘﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ أﺧﱪ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﻢ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻇﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ؛ اﳌﻮﺿﻌﺎن اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ َ‬ ‫‪ ﴿:‬ﻇﻞ وﺟﻬﻪ ﻣﺴﻮدا ﴾ [اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫‪] ،[٥٨‬اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪].١٧ :‬‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ(‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻇَ ْﻠ َ‬ ‫ﺖ ‪):‬اﳌﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت )ﻇَ ﱠﻞ( ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻇَْﻠ َ‬ ‫َوﻇَ ْﻠ َ‬ ‫َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ َﻋﺎﻛِ ًﻔﺎ ﴾ [ﻃﻪ‪].٩٧ :‬‬ ‫ﻇَ ْﻠﺘُ ْﻢ ‪):‬اﳌﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت )ﻇَ ﱠﻞ( ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻇَْﻠﺘُ ْﻢ(‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻓَﻈَﻠْﺘُ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻮن ﴾ [اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ‪].٦٥ :‬‬ ‫ﺗَـ َﻔ ﱠﻜ ُﻬ َ‬ ‫َوﺑِ ُﺮ ٍوم ﻇَﻠﱡﻮا َﻛﺎﻟْ ِﺤ ْﺠ ِﺮ ‪):‬اﳌﻮﺿﻌﺎن اﳋﺎﻣﺲ واﻟﺴﺎدس ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت )ﻇَ ﱠﻞ( ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻇَﻠﱡﻮا(‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ‬ ‫ون ﴾ [اﻟﺮوم‪ ،[٥١ :‬وﰲ ﺳﻮرة اﳊِﺠﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة اﻟﺮوم ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻟَﻈَﻠﱡﻮا ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑَـ ْﻌ ِﺪﻩِ ﻳَ ْﻜ ُﻔ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻮن ﴾ [اﳊﺠﺮ‪].١٤ :‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻓَﻈَﻠﱡﻮا ِﻓ ِﻴﻪ ﻳَـ ْﻌ ُﺮ ُﺟ َ‬ ‫ﺖ ُﺷ َﻌ َﺮا ﻧَﻈَ ﱡﻞ ‪):‬اﳌﻮﺿﻌﺎن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ واﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت )ﻇَ ﱠﻞ( ﻛﻠﻤﺘَﺎ )ﻇَﻠﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺖ( و)ﻧَﻈَ ﱡﻞ(‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻇَﻠﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﴾ [اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪ ،[٤ :‬وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ً‬ ‫أﻳﻀﺎ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎﺿ ِﻌ َ‬ ‫ﺖ أَ ْﻋﻨَﺎﻗُـ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻟَ َﻬﺎ َﺧ ِ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻓَﻈَﻠﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﴾ [اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪].٧١ :‬‬ ‫﴿ ﻓَـﻨَﻈَ ﱡﻞ ﻟَ َﻬﺎ َﻋﺎﻛِ ِﻔ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺤﺘَ ِﻈ ِﺮ ♦♦♦وﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻈـﺎ وﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﻈَ ِﺮ‬ ‫ـﻮرا َﻣ َﻊ ُ‬ ‫)‪57‬ﻳَﻈْﻠَ ْﻠ َﻦ َﻣ ْﺤﻈُ ً‬ ‫ﺎﺻ َﺮْﻩ‬ ‫ﻮد ﻗَ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻋ ُﺪ َو ُﻫ ٌ‬ ‫ﻆ ﻻَ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﺿ َﺮْﻩ ♦♦♦ َواﻟْﻐَْﻴ ُ‬ ‫)‪58‬إِﻻﱠ ﺑِـ‪َ :‬وﻳْﻞٌ َﻫ ْﻞ َوأُوﻟَﻰ ﻧَ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت )ﻇَ ﱠـﻞ( ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻳَﻈْﻠَْﻠ َـﻦ(‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻓَـﻴَﻈْﻠَ ْﻠ َﻦ‬ ‫ﻳَﻈْﻠَ ْﻠ َـﻦ ‪):‬اﳌﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫َرَواﻛِ َﺪ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻇَ ْﻬ ِﺮﻩِ ﴾ [اﻟﺸﻮرى‪].٣٣ :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ـﻮرا ‪):‬ﻣﻦ اﳊَﻈْﺮ ﲟﻌﲎ اﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﺤـﻈُ ً‬ ‫ﻮرا ﴾ [اﻹﺳﺮاء‪].٢٠ :‬‬ ‫ﻚ َﻣ ْﺤﻈُ ً‬ ‫ﺎن َﻋﻄَﺎءُ َرﺑﱢ َ‬ ‫﴿وَﻣﺎ َﻛ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺤﺘَ ِﻈ ِﺮ ‪):‬وﻛﻠﻤﺔ )اﶈﺘَﻈﺮ( ﲟﻌﲎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﳊﻈﲑة‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ‬ ‫َﻣ َﻊ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺤﺘَ ِﻈ ِﺮ ﴾ [اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪].٣١ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻓَ َﻜﺎﻧُﻮا َﻛ َﻬ ِﺸ ِ‬ ‫وﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻈﺎ ‪ ):‬ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻈﺎﻇﺔ ﲟﻌﲎ اﻟﻐِْﻠﻈﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎﰲ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻓﻈﺎ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻻﻧـﻔﻀﻮا ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻚ ﴾ [آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪].١٥٩ :‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وﻟَ ْﻮ ُﻛ ْﻨ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ أو اﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﻈَ ِﺮ(؛ أي‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ورد ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )اﻟﻨﻈﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء ﲟﻌﲎ ﱡ‬ ‫َو َﺟ ِﻤ َ‬ ‫ون﴾‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ؛ أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪َ ﴿ :‬وأَﻧْـﺘُ ْﻢ ﺗَـﻨْﻈُُﺮ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺗُﻘﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎء‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ وﲦﺎﻧﲔ‬ ‫[اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪].٥٠ :‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﺗُﻘﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎد وﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﻈﺎء‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‬ ‫ـﺎﺿ َﺮْﻩ ‪):‬اﺳﺘﺜﲎ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻇﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ َ‬ ‫إِﻻﱠ ﺑِــ‪َ :‬وﻳْ ٌﻞ َﻫ ْـﻞ َوأُوﻟَـﻰ ﻧَ ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫﴿ َوﻳْ ٌﻞ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪1-‬وﻳﻞ؛‬ ‫ﻀ َﺮَة‬ ‫ﻮﻫ ِﻬ ْﻢ ﻧَ ْ‬ ‫ف ِﻓﻲ ُو ُﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﴾ [اﳌﻄﻔﻔﲔ‪ ،[١ :‬وﺟﺎءت ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻧَﻀﺮة( ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﺗَـ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻤﻄَﱢﻔ ِﻔ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ ﴾ [اﳌﻄﻔﻔﲔ‪ ،[٢٤ :‬وﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻧﻀﺮة( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﻀﺎرة ﲟﻌﲎ اﳊﺴﻦ واﻟﺒﻬﺠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠ ِﻌ ِ‬ ‫﴿ َﻫ ْﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪ 2-‬ﻫﻞ؛‬ ‫ﻀ َﺮةً‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ْﻢ ﻧَ ْ‬ ‫ﺎن ﴾ [اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ ،[١ :‬وﺟﺎءت ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻧﻀﺮة( ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وﻟَﱠﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﺴِ‬ ‫اﻹﻧْ َ‬ ‫أَﺗَﻰ َﻋﻠَﻰ ِْ‬ ‫ورا ﴾ [اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪].١١ :‬‬ ‫َو ُﺳ ُﺮ ً‬ ‫ﺎﺿ َﺮةٌ ﴾‬ ‫ﺎﺿ َﺮْﻩ؛ أي‪ :‬اﳌﻮﺿﻊ اﻷول ﰲ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ُ ﴿:‬و ُﺟﻮﻩٌ ﻳَـ ْﻮَﻣﺌِ ٍﺬ ﻧَ ِ‬ ‫‪َ 3-‬وأُوﻟَﻰ ﻧَ ِ‬ ‫[اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪].٢٢ :‬‬ ‫ـﺎﺻ َـﺮْﻩ ‪):‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬واﻟﻐﻴﻆ(؛ أي‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻐﻴﻆ ﲟﻌﲎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﺪة اﻟﻐﻀﺐ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻘﺮأ‬ ‫ـﻮد ﻗَ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻋ ُـﺪ َو ُﻫ ٌ‬ ‫ـﻆ ﻻَ ﱠ‬ ‫َواﻟْﻐَْﻴ ُ‬ ‫ﻀﻮا َﻋﻠَْﻴ ُﻜ ُﻢ ْاﻷَﻧَ ِﺎﻣ َﻞ ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﺎ؛ أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬ﻋ ﱡ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎء‪ ،‬وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﰲ أﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟْﻐَْﻴ ِﻆ ﴾ [آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪].١١٩ :‬‬ ‫ﺎﻇﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ ﻻ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳُﻘﺮأان ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎد وﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﻈﺎء‪ ،‬وﳘﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺜﲎ اﻟﻨﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺎم ﴾ [اﻟﺮﻋﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻴﺾ ْاﻷَ ْر َﺣ ُ‬ ‫‪1-‬اﻟﺮﻋﺪ؛ أي‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﺗَﻐِﻴﺾ( ﰲ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﺮﻋﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وَﻣﺎ ﺗَ ِﻐ ُ‬ ‫‪].٨‬‬ ‫ﻴﺾ اﻟْ َﻤﺎءُ ﴾ [ﻫﻮد‪].٤٤ :‬‬ ‫‪ 2-‬ﻫﻮد؛ أي‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻏﻴﺾ( ﰲ ﺳﻮرة ﻫﻮد‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬و ِﻏ َ‬ ‫و)ﻏﻴﺾ( ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﱡﻘﺼﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﱵ )ﺗﻐﻴﺾ( ِ‬ ‫وﻣﻌﲎ َ‬  ‫ف َﺳ ِﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ اﻟْ ِﺨﻼَ ُ‬ ‫ﺾ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﻄﱠ َﻌ ِﺎم ♦♦♦ َوﻓِﻲ ﻇَﻨِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻆ ﻻَ اﻟْ َﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫)‪َ 59‬واﻟْ َﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺾ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﻄﱠ َﻌ ِﺎم ‪):‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬واﳊﻆ(؛ أي‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﳊﻆ ﲟﻌﲎ اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺐ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻘﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻆ ﻻَ اﻟْ َﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫َواﻟْ َﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫وﺟﺎءت ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ؛ أوﳍﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ﴿:‬ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻠﻪ أﻻ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺣﻈﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ْاﻵ ِﺧ َﺮةِ ﴾ [آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪].١٧٦ :‬‬ ‫اﳊﺾ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﲟﻌﲎ اﳊﺚ‪ ،‬وﺗُﻘﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎد‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎﻇﻢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔَ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﺟﺎءت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺜﲎ اﻟﻨﱠ ِ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﻈﺎء‪ ،‬وﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺾ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻃَ َﻌ ِﺎم‬ ‫ﺳﻮرﰐ اﳊﺎﻗﺔ واﳌﺎﻋﻮن‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وَﻻ ﻳَ ُﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪1-‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ﴾ [اﳊﺎﻗﺔ‪] ،[٣٤ :‬اﳌﺎﻋﻮن‪].٣ :‬‬ ‫اﻟْ ِﻤ ْﺴ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﴾ [اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻮن َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻃَ َﻌ ِﺎم اﻟْ ِﻤ ْﺴ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺿ َ‬ ‫‪ 2-‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وَﻻ ﺗَ َﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫‪].١٨‬‬ ‫ف َﺳ ِﺎﻣﻲ)؛ أي‪ :‬ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﺿﻨﲔ( ﰲ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪َ ﴿:‬وَﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ اﻟْ ِﺨﻼَ ُ‬ ‫َوﻓِﻲ ﻇَﻨِ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاء‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎم؛ أي‪ :‬ﻣﺸﻬﻮر وﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻨﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﴾ [اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪[٢٤ :‬؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن اﳋﻼف ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﻀﻨِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑِ َ‬ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟْﻐَْﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاء ﻳَﻘﺮؤﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎء؛ أي‪) :‬ﺑِﻈَﻨﲔ( ﲟﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﲟُﺘﱠـ َﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎء ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﺮاءة اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ وأﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو‬ ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺾ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻀﻨﲔ( ﲟﻌﲎ‪َِ :‬ﲞﻴﻞ‪ ،‬وﺟﺎء ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاء َﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺮؤﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺎد؛ أي‪) :‬ﺑِ َ‬ ‫واﻟ ﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫واﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ وﻋﺎﺻﻢ وﲪﺰة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺾ اﻟﻈﱠﺎﻟِ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺾ ﻇَ ْﻬ َﺮ َك ﻳَـ َﻌ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺎن ﻻَ ِزُم ♦♦♦أَﻧْـ َﻘ َ‬ ‫)‪َ 60‬وإِ ْن ﺗَﻼَﻗَـﻴَﺎ اﻟﺒَـﻴَ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ِﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ٍ‬‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎن ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻹﻇﻬﺎر‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺮص‬ ‫وإذا ﺗﻼﻗَﺖ اﻟﻀﺎد ﻣﻊ اﻟﻈﺎء‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺾ اﻟﻈﱠﺎﻟِ ُﻢ ﴾ [اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‪[٢٧ :‬؛ ﻟﺌﻼ ﳛﺪث‬ ‫ﺾ ﻇَ ْﻬ َﺮ َك ﴾ [اﻟﺸﺮح‪ ﴿ ،]٣ :‬ﻳَـ َﻌ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ ﴿:‬أَﻧْـ َﻘ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺘﻐﲑ اﳌﻌﲎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻠﺐ أﺣﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊﺮوف أو إدﻏﺎﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﳊﻦ ِ‬ ‫ٌ‬  ‫اﻵﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ت اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ{ ]اﳊﺎﻗﺔ‪[٣٤ :‬‬ ‫ﺾ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻃَ َﻌ ِﺎم اﻟْ ِﻤ ْﺴ ِﻜ ِ‬ ‫} َوَﻻ ﻳَ ُﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺾ‬ ‫‪ ١‬اﻟْ َﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ{ ]ﻓﺼﻠﺖ‪[٣٥ :‬‬ ‫ﻆ َﻋ ِﻈ ٍ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎ إِﱠﻻ ذُو َﺣ ﱟ‬ ‫} َوَﻣﺎ ﻳُـﻠَ ﱠﻘ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺼ ُ‬‫اﻟﻨﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ﴾ ]اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪[٢٤ :‬‬ ‫ﻀﻨِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑِ َ‬ ‫﴿ َوَﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟْﻐَْﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒُ ْﺨ ُﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ ﱡﻦ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ{ ]اﻟﺼﺎﻓﺎت‪[٨٧ :‬‬ ‫ب اﻟْ َﻌﺎﻟَ ِﻤ َ‬ ‫}ﻓَ َﻤﺎ ﻇَﻨﱡ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﺑَِﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻚ أَ ِو اﻟﻴَ ِﻘﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ﱡ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪ ٤‬اﻟﻈﱠ ﱡﻦ‬ ‫﴿ ﻳَـ ْﻮَم ﻇَ ْﻌﻨِ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﴾ ]اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪[٨٠ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﺎل َو ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱠـ ْﺮ َﺣ ُ‬ ‫‪ ٥‬اﻟﻈﱠ ْﻌ ُﻦ‬ ‫﴿ أَﻇْ َﻔ َﺮُﻛ ْﻢ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ ﴾ ]اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪[٢٤ :‬‬ ‫ﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠ ْ‬ ‫‪ ٦‬اﻟﻈﱠَﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻮن{ ]اﳌﺮﺳﻼت‪[٤١ :‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ِﻓﻲ ِﻇ َﻼ ٍل َوﻋُﻴُ ٍ‬ ‫}إِ ﱠن اﻟْ ُﻤﺘﱠ ِﻘ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ْﻲءُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ ٧‬اﻟﻈﱢ ﱡﻞ‬ ‫ون{ ]اﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮن‪[٩٨ :‬‬ ‫ﻀ ُﺮ ِ‬ ‫ب أَ ْن ﻳَ ْﺤ ُ‬ ‫ﻚ َر ﱢ‬ ‫} َوأَﻋُﻮذُ ﺑِ َ‬ ‫َﺟﺎءَ‬ ‫ﻀ َﺮ‬ ‫‪َ ٨‬ﺣ َ‬ ‫ﻮرا{ ]اﻹﺳﺮاء‪[٢٠ :‬‬ ‫ﻚ َﻣ ْﺤﻈُ ً‬ ‫ﺎن َﻋﻄَﺎءُ َرﺑﱢ َ‬ ‫} َوَﻣﺎ َﻛ َ‬ ‫َﻣﻨَ َﻊ‬ ‫‪َ ٩‬ﺣﻈََﺮ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ{ ]اﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪[٧ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺎﻟﱢ َ‬ ‫} َوَﻻ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗَﺎﻩَ‬ ‫ﺿ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫‪َ ١٠‬‬ ‫﴿ ﻇﻞ وﺟﻬﻪ ﻣﺴﻮدا ﴾ ]اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪[٥٨ :‬‬ ‫ﺻ َﺎر‬ ‫ﺑَِﻘ َﻲ َ‬ ‫‪ ١١‬ﻇَ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫ﻚ َﻻ ﺗَﻈْ َﻤﺄُ ِﻓ َﻴﻬﺎ ﴾ ]ﻃﻪ‪[١١٩ :‬‬ ‫﴿ َوأَﻧﱠ َ‬ ‫َﻋﻄﺶ‬ ‫‪ ١٢‬ﻇَ َﻤﺄ‬ ‫﴿وﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻈﺎ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ﴾ ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪[١٥٩ :‬‬ ‫ﻏَ ِﻠﻴﻈًﺎ‬ ‫‪ ١٣‬ﻓﻈﺎ‬ ‫ﻆ ﴾ ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪[١٣٤ :‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ اﻟْﻐَْﻴ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ ِﻤ َ‬ ‫﴿ َواﻟْ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﺮ َ‬ ‫‪َ ١٤‬ﻛﻈَ َﻢ‬ ‫ﺎﺿ َﺮةٌ ﴾ ]اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪[٢٢ :‬‬ ‫﴿ ُو ُﺟﻮﻩٌ ﻳَـ ْﻮَﻣﺌِ ٍﺬ ﻧَ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ ْﺴ ُﻦ َواﻟﺒَـ ْﻬ َﺠﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺎﺿ َﺮةٌ‬ ‫‪ ١٥‬ﻧَ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ َﺮةٌ{ ]اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪[٢٣ :‬‬ ‫}إِﻟَﻰ َرﺑﱢـ َﻬﺎ ﻧَ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ َﺪة‬ ‫ﺸَ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﻈَُﺮ َو ُ‬ ‫ﺎﻇ َﺮةٌ‬ ‫‪ ١٦‬ﻧَ ِ‬  ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪       ‬‬ ‫‪   ‬‬ ‫ﺼﻮرةُ‪ِ :‬ﻫ َﻲ اﻟﱠِﱵ ﺗـُ ْﺮ َﺳ ُﻢ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺷ ْﻜ ِﻞ ﻳَ ٍﺎء ﻏَ ِْﲑ َﻣْﻨﻘﻮﻃٍَﺔ‪) :‬ى(‪ ،‬أَْو واﻗِ َﻔﺔٌ‪) :‬ا(‪َ ،‬وﲤَُ ﱡﺪ ﻣﺪا‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟْ َﻤ ْﻘ َ‬ ‫اﻷَﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ب‪َ ،‬وﺗَـ ْﺮِك إِﻃﺎﻟَﺘِﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌَﺮ ُ‬ ‫ت َ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﺮ َﻣ ﱢﺪﻫﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣﺎ ْاﻋﺘَ َﺎد ِ‬ ‫ﺼﻮرةً؛ ﻟِِﻘ َ‬ ‫ﺖ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻘ َ‬ ‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬وﲰُّﻴَ ْ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﲟِِ ْﻘ َﺪ ِار َﺣَﺮَﻛﺘَـ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺪودةُ‪ِ :‬ﻫ َﻲ اﻟﱠِﱵ ﺗَﺄِْﰐ ﺑَـ ْﻌ َﺪ َﻫﺎ ﳘََْﺰةٌ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْﻞ‪َ :‬ﲰ ٍﺎء‪ ،‬ﺑَـْﻴﺪاءَ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺻ ْﺤﺮاءَ‪ُ ،‬دﻋﺎء‪َ ،‬وﺗُ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟْ َﻤ ْﻤ َ‬ ‫اﻷَﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ف ﺳﺎﻛِ ٍﻦ ﺑـَ ْﻌ َﺪ َﻫﺎ ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻲء اﳍَْﻤَﺰةِ أَْو َﺣ ْﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﺐ َﳎ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌﻲ؛ ﺑِ َﺴﺒَ ِ‬ ‫ب ﻣﺪا َﻏْﻴـَﺮ ﻃَ ﱟ‬ ‫ﺪودةً؛ ﻷَِﻧـﱠ َﻬﺎ ﲤَُ ﱡﺪ ِﻋْﻨ َﺪ اﻟﻌََﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﳑَْ َ‬ ‫ﲔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﱠ ﱠﺎﻣ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺎﻟﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ ﻧَـ ْﻔ ِﺴﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْﻞ‪ :‬اﳊﺎﻗﱠﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻒ َﻋﻠَﻰ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺗـُ ْﻘ َﺴ ُﻢ اﻷَﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ أَﻟْ ًﻔﺎ ﻗﺎﺋِ َﻤﺔً ُﻣﻄْﻠَ ًﻘﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﰲ َو َﺳ ِﻂ َ‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟْ ُﻤﺘَـ َﻮ ﱢﺳﻄَﺔُ‪ :‬اَﻟﱠِﱵ ﺗَ ْﻜﺘُ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷُْوَﱃ‪ :‬اﻷَﻟِ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺼﺎن‪ ،‬ﻗَ َﺎل‪ ،‬ﻧَ َﺎم‪َ ،‬وﻓَِﺮاس‪.‬‬ ‫ِﺣ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷُْوَﱃ‬ ‫ﲔ‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﻮن َرﲰُْﻬﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻫْﻴﺌَﺘَـ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻳَ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﰲ ِ َِ َ‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟْ ُﻤﺘَﻄَﱢﺮﻓَﺔُ‪ :‬اَﻟﱠِﱵ ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫َواﻷُ ْﺧَﺮى‪ :‬اﻷَﻟ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫ﺐ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻫْﻴﺌَ ِﺔ اﻷَﻟْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ َﱴ‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﺠﻰ‪َ ،...‬واﻷُ ْﺧَﺮى‪ :‬ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻫْﻴﺌَ ِﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻫ ًﺪى‪ ،‬ﻟَْﻴـﻠَﻰ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋِ َﻤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮر‪:‬‬ ‫ﻜﻮن ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠﻈَ ِﺮ إِ َﱃ أَ َﺣ ِﺪ َﻫ ِﺬﻩِ اﻷُ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﰲ اﻷَ ْﲰ ِﺎء ﺗَ ُ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﻞ اﻷَﻟْ ِ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓَﺔُ أَ ْ‬ ‫اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻔَﺮُد‪ُ ) :‬ﺧﻄَﺎ‪ُ :‬ﺧﻄْ َﻮةٌ(‪ُ ) ،‬رﻗَﻰ‪ُ :‬رﻗْـﻴَﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼ َﻮ ِان(‪) ،‬ﻓَـ َﱴ‪ :‬ﻓَـﺘَـﻴَ ِ‬ ‫ﺼﺎ‪َ :‬ﻋ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﱠﺜْﻨِﻴَﺔُ‪َ ) :‬ﻋ َ‬ ‫ات(‪) ،‬ﻓَـ َﱴ‪ :‬ﻓِﺘﻴَﺔٌ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼ َﻮ ٌ‬ ‫ﺼﺎ‪َ :‬ﻋ َ‬ ‫اﳉَ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪َ ) :‬ﻋ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻔﺔُ‪) :‬أَ َﻋ َﻤﻰ‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻤﻴﺎءُ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻫْﻴﺌَ ِﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟﱠِﱵ ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫ﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪َ :‬و ْاو‪ ،‬أَﱠﻣﺎ اﻷَﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟﻘﺎﺋِ َﻤ ِﺔ أَ ْ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻫْﻴﺌَ ِﺔ اﻷَﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟﱠِﱵ ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻷَﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻳَﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻒ أَ ْ‬‫ﻓﺎﻷَﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬  ‫‪     ‬‬ ‫‪         ‬‬ ‫ﺮوف أَﻟْ ًﻔﺎ ﻗﺎﺋِ َﻤﺔً‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ َﻞ‪ :‬إِ َذا‪ ،‬ﻟَ ْﻮَﻻ‪ ،‬ﻟَ ْﻮَﻣﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻨّﺎﻓﻴَﺔُ‪َ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫آﺧ ِﺮ اﳊُ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﻒ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﻌﻈَ ِﻢ َ‬ ‫ﺐ اﻷَ ُ‬ ‫‪.١‬ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ أَﻟﻔﻬﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ ِﻫْﻴﺌَ ِﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨّﺎﻓﻴَﺔُ‪َ ،....‬ﻣﺎ َﻋ َﺪا )إِ َﱃ‪ ،‬ﻋَﻠَﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑـَﻠَﻰ‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﱴ( ﻓَـﺘُ ْﻜﺘَ َ‬ ‫‪ِ.٢‬ﰲ ُﻣ ْﻌﻈَ ِﻢ اﻷَ ْﲰ ِﺎء اﻟْ َﻤْﺒﻨِﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْﻞ‪ :‬أَﻧَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻫ َﺬا‪ ،‬أَﻧْـﺘُ َﻤﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﻫﻨَﺎ‪َ ،..‬ﻣﺎ َﻋ َﺪا )أَ ﱠﱏ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﱴ‪ ،‬ﻟَ َﺪى‪ ،‬أُْوﱃ(‬ ‫ﺐ أَﻟْ ُﻔﻬﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻫْﻴﺌَ ِﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻬ َﻤﻠَ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓَـﺘُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫ﻮﺳﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻧْـﻴَﺎ‪َ ،..‬ﻋ َﺪا‪ُ ) :‬ﻣ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘُ ْﻮرﻳَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻛﻨَ َﺪا‪ُ ،‬ر َ‬ ‫آﺧ ِﺮ اﻷَ ْﲰ ِﺎء اﻷَ ْﻋ َﺠﻤﻴﱠ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْﻞ‪ :‬ﻓَِﺮﻧْ َﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓِ ْ‬ ‫‪ِ.٣‬ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻰ‪َ ،‬وﻛِ ْﺴَﺮى‪َ ،‬و ُﲞ َﺎرى(‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻋ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻠُﻬﺎ َو ًاوا‪َْ ،‬ﳓ َﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎن أَ ْ‬ ‫ﺐ أَﻟ ُﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﻠﱠﻴﱢـﻨَﺔُ ﻗﺎﺋِ َﻤﺔً إِ َذا َﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻌﺎل اﳌﺎﺿﻴَ ِﺔ اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠ ِﺔ ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫آﺧ ِﺮ اﻷَﻓْ ِ‬‫‪ِ.٤‬ﰲ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻠُﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻳَﺎءً‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮن أَ ْ‬ ‫ﻒ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻫْﻴﺌَ ِﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻬ َﻤﻠَ ِﺔ ﻓَـﺘَ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ اﻷَﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ﲰََﺎ‪َ ،‬وَر َﺟﺎ‪َ ،‬وَد َﻋﺎ‪َ ،...‬وإِ َذا ُﻛﺘِﺒَ ِ‬ ‫َْﳓ َﻮ‪ :‬ﺑَ َﻜﻰ‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻘﻰ‪َ ،‬رَﻣﻰ‪....‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌ َ‬‫اﻟﻘ َﻔﺎ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ﺻﻠُﻬﺎ َو ًاوا‪َْ ،‬ﳓ َﻮ‪َ :‬‬ ‫ﻮن أَ ْ‬ ‫ﺐ أَﻟ َﻔﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺋِ َﻤﺔً ﻓَـﺘَ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪ِ.٥‬ﰲ اﻷَ ْﲰ ِﺎء اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠ ِﺔ اَﻟﱠِﱵ ﺗَ ْﻜﺘُ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ اَﻟﱠِﱵ َِْﺌَ ِﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻬ َﻤﻠَ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺑِ ْﺎﻷَﻟِ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ ُﻣْﻨـ َﻘﻠِﺒَﺔً َﻋ ْﻦ ﻳَ ٍﺎء ُﻛﺘِﺒَ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﺎ‪َ ،....‬وإِ َذا َﻛﺎﻧَ ْ‬ ‫و ﱢ‬ ‫ُﻫ ًﺪى‪َ ،‬وﻧَ ًﺪى‪َ ،‬وُﻣ َﲎ‪....‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪      ‬‬ ‫‪   ‬‬ ‫ﻼل َﻣﺎ ﻳَﺄْﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎل اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠِﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺧ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟْ ُﻤﺘَـ َﻮ ﱢﺳﻄَِﺔ واﻟْ ُﻤﺘَﻄَﱢﺮﻓَِﺔ ِﰲ اﻷَﻓْ ِ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﻞ اﻷَﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳَﺘِ ﱡﻢ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓَﺔُ أَ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﺿﻲ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْﻞ‪ :‬ﲰََﺎ‪ :‬ﻳَ ْﺴ ُﻤﻮ‪َ ،‬وَﻫ َﺪى‪ :‬ﻳـَ ْﻬ ِﺪي‪َ ،‬وَر َﺟﺎ‪ :‬ﻳـَ ْﺮ ُﺟﻮ‪....‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ اﻟْ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﻀﺎرِع ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬أَ ْن ﻧَﺄْﰐَ ﲟُِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن اﻟﻨﱢ ْﺴ َﻮةِ(‬ ‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻧُ ِ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧَﺎ اﻟْ ُﻤﺘَ َﻜﻠﱢ ِﻤ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻓْ ِﻊ اﻟْ ُﻤﺘَ َﺤﱢﺮَﻛ ِﺔ )ﺗَ ِﺎء ِ‬ ‫ﺿ َﻤﺎﺋِِﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﺿ َﻲ إِ َﱃ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ َﻞ اﻟْ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬أن ﻧُ ْﺴﻨِ َﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ‪....‬‬ ‫ت‪َ ،‬وَرَﻣﻰ َرَﻣْﻴـﻨَﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺑـَ َﲎ ﺑـَﻨَـْﻴ ُ‬ ‫َْﳓ ُﻮ‪َ :‬د َﻋﺎ َد َﻋ ْﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺎع ﺑَـْﻴـ ًﻌﺎ‪.....‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ َﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَ َﺎل ﻗَـ ْﻮًﻻ‪َ ،‬وَرَﻣﻰ َرْﻣﻴًﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺑَ َ‬ ‫ﺼ َﺪ ِر ِ‬ ‫‪ -‬أَ ْن ﻧَﺄْﰐَ ﲟَِ ْ‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪      ‬‬ ‫‪   ‬‬ ‫ﺎن‪....‬‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﺗَـﺜْﻨِﻴَﺔُ اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻔَﺮِد‪َْ ،‬ﳓ ُﻮ‪ :‬ﻗَـ َﻔﺎ ﻗَـ َﻔ َﻮ ِان‪َ ،‬وﻧَ َﺪى ﻧَ َﺪﻳَ ِ‬ ‫ﺼ َﻮات‪َ ،‬وُﻫ َﺪى ُﻫ َﺪﻳَﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼﺎ َﻋ َ‬ ‫‪ - ٢‬ﲨََ ُﻊ ِاﻻ ْﺳ ِﻢ اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻔَﺮِد‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻋ َ‬ ‫‪ - ٣‬إِﻓْﺮ ُاد اﳉَ ْﻤ ِﻊ‪َْ ،‬ﳓ ُﻮ‪ُ :‬د َﻣﻰ ُد ْﻣﻴَﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻗِ َﻮى ﻗُـ ﱠﻮة‪.....‬‬  ‫‪:    ‬‬ ‫ ‪ ‬‬ ‫ف‪َْ ،‬ﳓ َﻮ‪َ :‬د ْﻋ َﻮى‪،‬‬ ‫اﺳ ٍﻢ َز َاد َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺛَﻼﺛَِﺔ أَ ْﺣ ُﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ )ى(؛ ِﰲ ُﻛ ﱢﻞ ْ‬ ‫ﺐ اﻷَﻟِ ُ‬ ‫أ ‪ -‬ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ أَﻟْ ًﻔﺎ ﻗﺎﺋِ َﻤﺔً‪َْ ،‬ﳓ َﻮ‪َ :‬زَواﻳَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻣَﺰاﻳَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺳﺠﺎﻳﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻀﻰ‪ ،...‬إِﱠﻻ إِ َذا َﺳﺒَـ َﻘْﺘـ َﻬﺎ ﻳَﺎءٌ ﻓَـﺘُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَ ْﺸ َﻔﻰ‪ُ ،‬ﻣْﺮﺗَ َ‬ ‫َرزاﻳﺎ‪َ ،....‬ﻣﺎ َﻋ َﺪا ) َْﳛ َﲕ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻗَـْﺒـﻠَﻬﺎ ﻳَﺎءٌ‬ ‫ﺼ َﻮرةِ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﻬ َﻤﻠَ ِﺔ )ى(؛ إِﱠﻻ إِ َذا َﻛﺎﻧَ ْ‬ ‫ﻌﺎل َﻏ ِْﲑ اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠ ِﺔ ﺑِ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﰲ اﻷَﻓْ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ اﻷَﻟْ ُ‬ ‫ب ‪ -‬ﺗُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘَ ْﺤﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟﻘﺎﺋِ َﻤ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ َﻞ‪ :‬أَ ْﺣﻴَﺎ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫ﺼ َﻮرةِ اﻷَﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑِ ُ‬ ‫ﻓَـﺘُ ْﻜﺘَ ُ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪     ‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﻴَ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠِ ِ‬‫ﻒ ِﰲ َ‬ ‫ﺻﻞ اﻷَﻟْ ِ‬ ‫س ‪ / / ١‬أَ ْ‬ ‫ﺻ َﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗَـ َﻔﺎ(‪.‬‬‫ﺻ َﺎم‪ ،‬ﻓَـ ًﱴ‪ ،‬ﲰََﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﺸﻰ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫) َﺳ ْﻠ َﻮى‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺎل اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠ ِﺔ ؟‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟْ ُﻤﺘَـ َﻮ ﱢﺳﻄَِﺔ ِﰲ اﻷَﻓْ ِ‬ ‫ﺻﻞ اﻷَﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ف أَ ْ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺗَـ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُ‬ ‫س ‪َ / / ٢‬ﻛْﻴ َ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﰲ اﻷَ ْﲰ ِﺎء اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠ ِﺔ ؟‬ ‫ﺻﻞ اﻷَﻟْ ِ‬ ‫ف أَ ْ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺗَـ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُ‬ ‫س ‪َ / / ٣‬ﻛْﻴ َ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺳﺒِ َﻘ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ -‬اﺳﺘﺤﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻌﻞ – أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺣﺮف – ُﻛﺘِﺒَ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪           ‬‬ ‫‪       ‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪى – ﺗﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻰ – اﳊِﻤﻰ – َ‬‫دﻋﻮى – اﻫﺘﺪى – ﺗﺰﱠﻛﻰ – ﳛﻴﺎ – زواﻳﺎ – ﻏﺰا – اﻟﻨّﻮى – ّ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرا – اﻟﻌِﺪا – أرﳛﺎ‬ ‫– ﲰﺎ – ﻋﻼ – ﻋﻔﺎ – اﻟﻔﱴ – اﳍﻮى – رﻣﻰ – ﻣﺸﻰ – ﻫﻮى – ﻗﻀﻰ – ّ‬ ‫– ﺣﻴﻔﺎ‪ -‬ﺳﻠﻤﻰ – ُﻣﻨﺘﺪى – ُﻣﺴﺘﻮﺣﻰ – أﻋﻄﻰ – اﻓﺘﺪى – اﻫﺘﺪى – اﻋﺘﻠﻰ – اﺳﺘﻮﰱ – ﻋُﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫رﱙ – ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ – ﻋﻄﺎﻳﺎ – َﻣﺮأَى – اﻛﺘﻔﻰ –‬ ‫– ُدﻧﻴﺎ – َﻫﺪاﻳﺎ – ﻣﺮاﻳﺎ – ﺗﺰﻳﱠﺎ – اﺳﺘﺤﻴﺎ – ﳛﲕ – ﱠ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﻔﻰ – أﻋﻄﻰ – ﺻﻴﺪا – إﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ – آﺳﻴﺎ – أﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ – ﺣﻴّﺎ – ذُرا – ﺳﻘﻰ – ﻓﱴ – ﻣﻌﲎ –‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﲎ – ﳎﺮى – أﻟﻘﻰ – أﻟﻔﻰ – اﺳﺘﻮﱃ – ﳔﺸﻰ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻲ ﻧﻮع اﻷﻟﻒ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬‫‪ :‬أي ﳚﺐ أن ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺆال )‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬اﻧﺘﺒﻪ إﱃ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺎء – ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ((‪ .‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪           ‬‬ ‫اﳉﻮاب‪ - :‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﲰًﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﳓﻮل اﳉﻤﻊ إﱃ اﻟْﻤﻔﺮد‪.‬أو ج‪ -‬ﳒﻤﻊ اﻟْﻤﻔﺮد ﲨْ َﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟْﻤﻔﺮد إﱃ اﻟْ ُﻤ ّﺜﲎ‪.‬أو ب‪ -‬ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أ‪ُ -‬ﳓ ﱢﻮ ُل‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟْ ُﻤﺆﻧﱠﺜﺔ )أﻓﻌﻞ ‪ -‬ﻓﻌﻼء(‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣﺆﻧﱠﺚ ﺳﺎﱂ‪.‬أو د‪ -‬ﻧﺄَ ْﺧ ُﺬ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼ وﻣﻦ }ﺛﻼﺛﺔ{ أﺣﺮف‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧّﺎ ﻧﻌﺮف أﺻﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ إﱃ‬ ‫‪ّ -‬أﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ً‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧ ِﺬ اﻟْﻤﺼﺪر‪.‬‬ ‫ت(‪ ،‬أو ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺎﺿﻲ إﱃ اﳌﻀﺎرع‪ ،‬أو ْ‬ ‫ت ِ‬ ‫ت َ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ) ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘّﺎء اﻟْ ُﻤ ﱢ‬ ‫وﻧﻔﻬﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘّﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻴﱢ ِﺰ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﱠأوًﻻ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ اﺳﻢ أو ﻓﻌﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫وﻋﺮﻓﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻀﺎرع )ﳝَْ ِﺸﻲ(‪ ،‬أو ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎدﻫﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺎء‪،‬‬‫َﻣ َﺸﻰ‪ :‬أﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻴﺎء ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬ﻣﺸﻲ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ(‪ً }.‬إذا ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫إﱃ اﻟﻀﻤﲑ اﻟﺘّﺎء ) َﻣ َﺸْﻴ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ(‪.‬ﻷﻧّﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫وﻋﺮﻓﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎدﻫﺎ إﱃ اﻟﻀﻤﲑ ) َرأَﻳْ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺎء‪،‬‬‫رأى‪ :‬أﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻴﺎء ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬رأي{‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ أن آﺧﺬ اﻟْﻤﻀﺎرع )ﻳـََﺮى(‪ً }.‬إذا ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ واو‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﻓﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻀﺎرع )ﻳَ ْﺪﻧُﻮ(‪ ،‬أو ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎدﻫﺎ إﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫دﻧﺎ‪ :‬أﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬دﻧﻮ{‪.‬‬ ‫ت(‪ً }.‬إذا ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘّﺎء ) َدﻧـَ ْﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﻴَﺎت(‪}.‬إذًا‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﱂ ) َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ اﻟْ ُﻤﺆﻧّﺚ ّ‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺎء‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﻓْ ُ‬‫ﺼﻰ‪ :‬أﻟﻒ )ى(؛ ّ‬ ‫َﺣ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬ﺣﺼﻲ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻔﺮد )ﻗﺮﻳﺔ(‪ً.‬إذا ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺎء‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﻓْ ُ‬ ‫ﻗﺮى‪ :‬أﻟﻒ )ى(؛ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬ﻗﺮي{‪.‬‬‫}إذا ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ً :‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎن(‪ً }.‬إذا ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟْ ُﻤ ﱠﺜﲎ )ﻓَـﺘَـﻴَ ِ‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺎء‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﻓْ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﱴ‪ :‬أﻟﻒ )ى(؛ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬ﻓﱵ{‪.‬‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ واو‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﻓﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟْﻤﻔﺮد ) َرﺑْـ َﻮة(‪ً }.‬إذا ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ُرﺑﺎ‪ :‬أﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ؛ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬رﺑﻮ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺼ َﻮان(‪ً }.‬إذا ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ واو‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﻓﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟْ ُﻤ ﱠﺜﲎ‪َ ) :‬ﻋ َ‬ ‫ﺼﺎ(‪ :‬أﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ؛ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ َ‬ ‫ﺼﺎ ) َ‬ ‫َﻋ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬ﻋﺼﻮ{‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ واو‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﻓﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ اﻟْ ُﻤﺆﻧﱠﺚ اﻟﺴﺎﱂ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ َﻬ َﻮات(‪ً }.‬إذا‬ ‫َﻣ َﻬﺎ‪ :‬أﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ؛ ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻮ{‪.‬اﻟْ َﻤ َﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟْﻤﺆﻧّﺜﺔ )أَ ْﻋ َﻤﻰ‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻤﻴَﺎء(‪}.‬إذًا‬ ‫ﻷن أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺎء‪ ،‬وﻋﺮﻓﺖ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ّ‬ ‫أَ ْﻋ َﻤﻰ‪ :‬أﻟﻒ )ى(؛ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‪َ :‬ﻋ ِﻤﻲ{‪ .‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﰲ ﱠ‬  ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫‪    ‬‬ ‫‪     ‬‬ ‫واﻗ َﻔﺔٌ‪) :‬ا(‪َ ،‬وﺗُ َﻤ ﱡﺪ ﻣﺪا ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﺑِ ِﻤ ْﻘ َﺪ ِار َﺣ َﺮَﻛﺘَـ ْﻴ ِﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻫ َﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﺗُـ ْﺮ َﺳ ُﻢ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﺷ ْﻜ ِﻞ ﻳَ ٍﺎء ﻏَْﻴ ِﺮ َﻣ ْﻨﻘﻮﻃٍَﺔ‪) :‬ى(‪ ،‬أَ ْو ِ‬ ‫ب ‪َ ،‬وﺗَـ ْﺮ ِك إِﻃﺎﻟَﺘِﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫ت َ‬ ‫ﺎد ِ‬ ‫اﻋﺘَ َ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﺮ َﻣ ﱢﺪﻫﺎ َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣﺎ ْ‬ ‫ﺼﻮرةً؛ ﻟِِﻘ َ‬ ‫ﺖ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻘ َ‬ ‫َو ُﺳ ّﻤﻴَ ْ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ اﻟﻨّﺎﻓﻴَﺔُ‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻮَﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻮَﻻ‬ ‫إِذَا‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫وف‬ ‫اﻟﺤ ُﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌﻈَ ُﻢ ُ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫َﺣﺘﱠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑَـﻠَﻰ‬ ‫َﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ‫إِﻟَﻰ‬ ‫َﻫ ْﻴﺌَﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‬ ‫َﻋ َﺪا َﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ُﻫﻨَﺎ‬ ‫أَﻧْـﺘُ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا‬ ‫أَﻧَﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎء اﻟْ َﻤ ْﺒﻨِﻴﱠ ِﺔ‬ ‫‪ُ ٣‬ﻣ ْﻌﻈَﻢ اﻷَ ْﺳ ِ‬ ‫أُ ْوﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ﻟَ َﺪى‬ ‫َﻣﺘَﻰ‬ ‫أَﻧﱠﻰ‬ ‫َﻫ ْﻴﺌَﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‬ ‫َﻋ َﺪا َﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫وﻣﺎﻧْـﻴَﺎ‬ ‫ُر َ‬ ‫َﻛﻨَ َﺪا‬ ‫ﻮرﻳَﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺘُ ْ‬ ‫ﻓِ ْ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‬ ‫ِﻓ َﺮﻧْ َ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﺳﻤﺎء اﻷَ ْﻋ َﺠﻤﻴﱠﺔ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺨﺎرى‬ ‫ﺑُ َ‬ ‫ﻛِ ْﺴ َﺮى‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ِﻋ َ‬ ‫ﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ُﻣ َ‬ ‫َﻫ ْﻴﺌَﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‬ ‫َﻋ َﺪا َﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺼﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ َﻔﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ واو‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﻨَﻰ‬ ‫ﻧَ َﺪى‬ ‫ُﻫ َﺪى‬ ‫أﺻﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻳﺎء‬ ‫َد َﻋﺎ‬ ‫َر َﺟﺎ‬ ‫َﺳ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ واو‬ ‫اﻷَﻓْﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻴَﺔ‬ ‫َرَﻣﻰ‬ ‫َﺳ َﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑَ َﻜﻰ‬ ‫أﺻﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻳﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠﺔ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘَ ْﺴ َﻘﻰ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻧْـﺒَـ َﺮى‬ ‫أَ ْﻋﻄَﻰ‬ ‫َﻫ ْﻴﺌَﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‬ ‫اﻷَﻓْﻌﺎل ﻏَْﻴﺮ اﻟﺜﱡﻼﺛﻴﱠ ِﺔ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘَ ْﺤﻴَﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أَ ْﺣﻴَﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻳﺎء‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫اد َﻋﻠَﻰ ﺛَﻼﺛَِﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ َز َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻨﺘَ َﺪى‬ ‫َد ْﻋ َﻮى ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَ ْﺸ َﻔﻰ‬ ‫َﻫ ْﻴﺌَﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ف‬ ‫أَ ْﺣ ُﺮ ٍ‬ ‫َرَزاﻳَﺎ‬ ‫َﺳ َﺠﺎﻳَﺎ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺰاﻳَﺎ‬ ‫َزَواﻳَﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫إِ َذا َﺳﺒَـ َﻘ ْﺘـ َﻬﺎ ﻳَﺎءٌ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫ﻳَ ْﺤﻴَﻰ‬ ‫َﻫ ْﻴﺌَﺔ اﻟْﻴَ ِﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪       ‬‬ ‫ب ﻣﺪا‬ ‫اﻟﻌ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺪودةً؛ ﻷَِﻧﱠـ َﻬﺎ ﺗُ َﻤ ﱡﺪ ِﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ َ‬ ‫ﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻤ َ‬ ‫ﺻ ْﺤﺮاءَ‪ُ ،‬د َﻋﺎء‪َ ،‬وﺗُ َ‬ ‫ِﻫ َﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﱠﺘِﻲ ﺗَﺄْﺗِﻲ ﺑَـ ْﻌ َﺪ َﻫﺎ َﻫ ْﻤ َﺰةٌ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْﻞ‪َ :‬ﺳ َﻤ ٍﺎء‪ ،‬ﺑَـ ْﻴﺪاءَ‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‪ ،‬اﻟﻄﱠ ﱠﺎﻣ ِﺔ‪ .‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺎﻟﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠِ َﻤ ِﺔ ﻧَـ ْﻔ ِﺴﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ َﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺎﻗﱠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ف ﺳﺎﻛِ ٍﻦ ﺑَـ ْﻌ َﺪ َﻫﺎ ﻓِﻲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻬ ْﻤ َﺰةِ‪ ،‬أَ ْو َﺣ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺠﻲء َ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﺒَ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻌﻲ؛ ﺑِ َ‬ ‫ﻏَْﻴـ َﺮ ﻃَ ﱟ‬