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‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻮ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ Introduction ‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ )اﻟﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬ Microbiology: is the study of microorganisms (small living organisms: bacteria, vir...

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻮ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ Introduction ‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ )اﻟﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬ Microbiology: is the study of microorganisms (small living organisms: bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, and fungi). They are found in every ecosystem as singles or multicellular, ‫ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ واﻟﻔﻴﺮوﺳﺎت واﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎت‬:‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬.(‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﺪﻳﺪان اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺎت‬ ‫ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻴﺌﻲ ﻛﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻣﻔﺮدة أو ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ،‫اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬ and others such as viruses do not have a true cellular appearance. ‫واﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺮوﺳﺎت ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ‬.‫ﺧﻠﻮي ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬  ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻮ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ Introduction ‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ )اﻟﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬ Microbiology: is the study of microorganisms (small living (‫ ﺗﺘﻮاﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻛـ )ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﲆ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻛﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎت‬ ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ‬،‫أﻣﺮاض ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ They populate healthy human body as (normal flora) Few species are recognized as human pathogens, causing disease: :‫ﻣﺮض‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ إﻧﺘﺎج ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ by production of toxic compounds ‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻌﺪوى اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ or by direct infections