Stomach and Small Intestine Anatomy PDF

# Mavesæk ## Anatomy - **Cardia** (2): The entry point of the esophagus into the stomach. - **Fundus gastricus** (3): The upper, dome-shaped portion of the stomach. - **Corpus gastricum** (4): The main body of the stomach. - **Pars pylorica** (5): The lower, narrow portion of the stomach connecti...

# Mavesæk ## Anatomy - **Cardia** (2): The entry point of the esophagus into the stomach. - **Fundus gastricus** (3): The upper, dome-shaped portion of the stomach. - **Corpus gastricum** (4): The main body of the stomach. - **Pars pylorica** (5): The lower, narrow portion of the stomach connecting to the duodenum. - **Pylorus** (6): The opening between the stomach and duodenum. ## Layers of the Stomach - **Tunica mucosa (1):** The inner lining of the stomach, composed of epithelial cells that secrete mucus, digestive enzymes, and hydrochloric acid. - **Tela submucosa (2):** A layer of connective tissue that supports the tunica mucosa and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels. - **Tunica muscularis (3):** Muscle layers responsible for churning food and moving it through the digestive tract. - **Tunica serosa (9):** The outer layer of the stomach, consisting of a thin layer of connective tissue covered by peritoneum. ## Functions of the Stomach - **Storage of food**: The stomach temporarily stores food before passing it to the small intestine. - **Mechanical digestion**: The stomach muscles churn and mix food with gastric juices. - **Chemical digestion**: The stomach secretes gastric juices, including hydrochloric acid and pepsin, which break down food into smaller molecules. ## Other Key Points - The stomach is connected to the liver and spleen by two membranes, the **omentum majus (16)** and the **omentum minus (19)**. - The stomach is closely connected to the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. # Tyndtarm - The **tyndtarmen (intestinum tenue)** is a long, coiled tube that begins at the pylorus and ends at the ileocecal valve, where it connects to the colon. - **Functions**: It is the main site of nutrient absorption and plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of food. - **Length**: The length of the small intestine can vary from 3-4 meters in a living individual to 6-8 meters in a deceased individual.