Professional Education – Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education PDF

1 Dr. Carl E. Balita Review Center CBRC Headquarters 2nd Flr., Carmen Buil...

1 Dr. Carl E. Balita Review Center CBRC Headquarters 2nd Flr., Carmen Building, 881 G. Tolentino St. corner España Blvd., Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Academics and Services Department (ASD) Education - LET Professional Education – Foundation of Special and Inclusive Education Special Education: is a type of educating individuals via accommodation, modification and individualization depending on their individual differences and needs LSEN: Learner with Special Educational Needs PWD: Persons with Disability Gifted: people who have an IQ of more than 120 Accommodation: giving minimal assistance to the LSEN, but using the same task as everyone else Modification: changing some parts of the task to help the LSEN Individualization: completely changing the task according to the ability of the LSEN Impairment – any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Disability – any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Handicap – the result when an individual with an impairment cannot fulfill a normal life role. ACADEMICS AND SERVICES DEPARTMENT - ASD  2 Republic Acts on SPED RA 3562: an act promoting the education of people with blindness thus, pioneering the Philippine National School for the Blind RA 7277: an act providing for the rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society and for other purposes RA 9442: an act amending RA 7277 by adding more privileges to PWD such as discounts RA 5250: an act promoting a ten-year training program for SPED teachers in the Philippines and authorizing the appropriation of funds thereof RA 10754: an act expanding the benefits and privileges of PWD Types of Disabilities: 1. Intellectual Disability: characterised by someone having an IQ below 70 (the median IQ is 100), as well as significant difficulty with daily living such as self-care, safety, communication, and socialisation. Fragile X Syndrome: is the most common known cause of an inherited intellectual disability worldwide. It is a genetic condition caused by a mutation (a change in the DNA structure) in the X chromosome. Down Syndrome: is not a disease or illness, it is a genetic disorder which occurs when someone is born with a full, or partial, extra copy of chromosome 21 in their DNA. Developmental Delay: when a child develops at a slower rate compared to other children of the same age Prader-Willi Syndrome: is a rare genetic disorder which affects around 1 in 10,000 – 20,000 people. This disability is quite complex and it’s caused by an abnormality in the genes of chromosome 15. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: refers to a number of conditions that are caused when an unborn foetus is exposed to alcohol. ACADEMICS AND SERVICES DEPARTMENT - ASD  3 2. Physical Disabilities Cerebral Palsy: is a physical disability resulting from injury to the developing brain during pregnancy, birth, or shortly after birth Stroke: is a physical disability resulting from bleeding in the brain or interruption of the central nervous system's blood supply Spina Bifida: is a type of physical disability, which occurs during pregnancy where there is incomplete closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord, leaving the spinal nerves exposed Arthritis: is a physical disability that causes inflammation and pain in joints, bones, and muscles Spinal Cord Injury: result from a lack of sufficient blood and oxygen supply to the spinal cord Epilepsy: is a neurological condition where an individual tends to have recurrent unprovoked seizures Muscular Dystrophy: occurs when the muscles responsible for controlling movement become weak 3. Learning Disabilities Dyslexia: a disorder that impacts reading, writing, and comprehension Dysgraphia: have trouble converting their thoughts into writing or drawing Dyscalculia: disabilities related to mathematical calculations Dyspraxia: is a common disorder that affects movement and coordination Auditory Processing Disorder: difficulty processing sounds Language Processing Disorder: arises when an individual has specific challenges in processing spoken language, impacting both receptive and expressive language Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: refers to difficulties in decoding nonverbal behaviors or social cues Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit: exhibits poor hand-eye coordination, often lose their places when reading, and have difficulty with pencils, crayons, glue, scissors, and other fine motor activities 4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): is a mental disorder that affects the brain’s regulation of behavior. The symptoms of ADHD include difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. ACADEMICS AND SERVICES DEPARTMENT - ASD  4 5. Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): is a common, chronic, and long- lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and/or behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over Agoraphobia: is the fear of being alone in a public place, generally, in situations in which it would be difficult or embarrassing to escape in the event of a panic attack Adjustment Disorder: difficulty in coping with change Acute Stress Reaction: is a short-term response to a traumatic event Bipolar Disorder: is a mental health condition marked by intense mood changes Conduct Disorder: children with a conduct disorder are selfish, do not relate well to others, and lack an appropriate sense of guilt 6. Sensory Disabilities Blindness and Low Vision: is defined by permanent vision loss, which cannot be corrected using glasses and affects daily functioning Hearing Loss and Deafness: is the loss of the hearing sensory Deaf-Blindness: is a type of sensory disability is characterized by loss of both hearing and seeing Sensory Processing Disorder: is a disability where an individual has difficulties receiving and responding to information coming in via senses 7. Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa: people with anorexia generally view themselves as overweight, even if they’re dangerously underweight Bulimia Nervosa: people with bulimia frequently eat unusually large amounts of food in a specific period of time Binge Eating Disorder: people who typically eat unusually large amounts of food in relatively short periods of time and feel a lack of control during binges Pica: involves eating things that are not considered food Rumination Disorder: describes a condition in which a person regurgitates food they have previously chewed and swallowed, re-chews it, and then either re-swallows it or spits it out ACADEMICS AND SERVICES DEPARTMENT - ASD  5 Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake: individuals with this disorder experience disturbed eating either due to a lack of interest in eating or distaste for certain smells, tastes, colors, textures, or temperature Purging Disorder: individuals with purging disorder often use purging behaviors, such as vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, or excessive exercising, to control their weight or shape. However, they do not binge Night Eating Syndrome: individuals with this syndrome frequently eat excessively, often after awakening from sleep Aptitudes Intellectual Quotient (IQ): our ability to comprehend, solve problems, think and express our thoughts Emotional Quotient (EQ): our ability to deal with our emotions and with others’ as well Adversity Quotient (AQ): our ability to face problems and pass through them without losing ourselves Social Quotient (SQ): our ability to build, handle and maintain relationships Formula in computing for the IQ: 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑒 ( ) x 100 𝑐ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑔𝑒 Prepared by: Roslyn Vea Damasco, LPT ACADEMICS AND SERVICES DEPARTMENT - ASD