Quiz).docx

Orthodontic retention is important after orthodontic treatment because (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Teeth may be moved into planned and possibly inherently unstable positions where the soft tissues consistently produce pressure on the teeth to promote a natural relapse tendency\ - B) Ret...

Orthodontic retention is important after orthodontic treatment because (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Teeth may be moved into planned and possibly inherently unstable positions where the soft tissues consistently produce pressure on the teeth to promote a natural relapse tendency\ - B) Retention allows the teeth, bone and gingival tissues time to reorganize themselves after orthodontic tooth movement\ - C) Retention helps to mitigate against further unwanted tooth movement due to future skeletal growth\ - D) It is much more important to have orthodontic retention if orthodontic treatment has taken more than 2 years to complete\ - E) Orthodontic retention can be removable or fixed (permanent) in nature D\) It is much more important to have orthodontic retention if orthodontic treatment has taken more than 2 years to complete True or False:\ Orthodontic retention is just as important for adults as it is for children.\ \ - True\ - False True True or False:\ All patients who undergo orthodontic treatment require and should have retainers after treatment.\ \ - True\ - False True Causes of orthodontic tooth relapse. (Which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Orthodontic relapse in the alignment of teeth (intra-arch irregularity), is caused by elastic\ recoil of gingival and periodontal tissue fibers\ - B) Orthodontic relapse in the alignment of teeth (intra-arch irregularity), can be caused by changes in cheek/lip/tongue pressures in a growing patient\ - C) Orthodontic relapse changes in the occlusal relationship is due primarily to elastic recoil of the gingival and periodontal tissue fibers\ - D) Differential skeletal jaw growth can cause orthodontic relapse in the occlusal relationship after orthodontic treatment has been completed for a patient C\) Orthodontic relapse changes in the occlusal relationship is due primarily to elastic recoil of the gingival and periodontal tissue fibers True or False:\ 1. It is NOT normal to see a widened periodontal ligament space around the roots of teeth undergoing active orthodontic treatment, and,\ 2. The reorganization of the periodontal ligament after active orthodontic treatment only occurs once teeth can respond individually to normal forces of mastication.\ \ - A) True and True\ - B) False and False\ - C) True and False\ - D) False and True D\) False and True Active Stabilization. (Which is the CORRECT statement?)\ \ - A - Active stabilization by the PDL resists forces that arise from the lips/cheeks and\ tongue\ - B - Active stabilization is similar to the forces of tooth eruption\ - C - When a patient is undergoing orthodontic treatment, the active stabilization of the PDL is eliminated\ - D - Once orthodontic treatment is complete, retention is important to allow active stabilization to reestablish itself\ - E - A, B and D are correct\ - F - A, B, C, D are correct F - A, B, C, D are correct Occlusal changes related to growth. (Which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - Occlusal changes after orthodontic treatment can occur due to further facial growth\ - B - Occlusal changes after orthodontic treatment will stop at the same age for boys and girls\ - C - Occlusal changes after orthodontic treatment will stop in the order of transverse, anterioposterior and then vertical skeletal growth\ - D - Occlusal changes after orthodontic treatment will stop once a patient is into adulthood\ - E - B and D are correct answers\ - F - B and C are correct answers E - B and D are correct answers\ \ (A & C are correct answers) Methods that may be employed to help retention in a Class II orthodontically treated patient include: (which is INCORRECT?)\ \ - A) Nighttime combination headgear\ - B) Nighttime wear of a functional appliance eg Bionator or Twin Block appliance\ - C) Nighttime chin cap therapy\ - D) Nighttime wear of upper and lower Hawley retainers with class II elastics C\) Nighttime chin cap therapy Methods that may be employed to help retention in a Class III orthodontically treated patient include: (which is INCORRECT?)\ \ - A) Nighttime wear of a class III functional appliance\ - B) Nighttime wear of chin cap therapy\ - C) Mandibular restraining appliances are not very effective compared to maxillary restraining appliances\ - D) Nighttime wear of high pull headgear D\) Nighttime wear of high pull headgear Methods that may be employed to help retention in a patient who has been orthodontically treated for the correction of an anterior open bite: (which is INCORRECT?)\ \ - A) Nighttime wear of high pull headgear with a splint or upper removable retainer\ - B) Nighttime wear of chin cap therapy\ - C) Posterior bite blocks between posterior teeth to oppose the forces of eruption\ - D) Maxillary and mandibular retainers during the day and a functional appliance (eg bionator appliance) at night\ - E) Ensure elimination of any thumb/digit sucking habit\ - F) Have a myofunctional therapist assess for any abnormal tongue function habits B\) Nighttime wear of chin cap therapy When considering the type of retention used for an orthodontic patient after treatment, there are certain tooth movements that may warrant a permanent bonded retainer placed. These would include: (which is CORRECT?)\ \ - A - To retain a tooth that has been significantly derotated during treatment - B - To maintain the closure of an upper midline diastema\ - C - To maintain alignment of teeth if it is felt that the final position of the teeth are being left in an inherently unstable position and may be subject to pressures that constantly produce relapse tendencies\ - D - In a clinical situation when it has been difficult to close an extraction space and it is felt that the extraction space will open after treatment is complete\ - E - B and C are correct\ - F - B and D are correct\ - G - A, B, C, D are all correct G - A, B, C, D are all correct Features of a Hawley appliance. (Which is INCORRECT?)\ \ - A) A Hawley retainer can be a passive and/or an active type of retainer\ - B) A Hawley retainer design typically incorporates an acrylic baseplate, labial bow, clasps/cribs/circumferential clasps on the first permanent molar teeth\ - C) A Hawley retainer has full acrylic palatal coverage which can allow for bite plane fabrication and modification\ - D) A Hawley retainer is bonded to the teeth for retention D\) A Hawley retainer is bonded to the teeth for retention Problems cited about the placement of a permanent bonded lingual retainer is: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - It makes it more difficult to clean the teeth\ - B - The placement of a lower bonded retainer is clinically technique sensitive and difficult to place\ - C - Placement of a lingual bonded retainer may induce unwanted tooth movements if the wire used has unwanted/unidentified activation in it\ - D - If a lingual bonded retainer fails on one of the teeth, it may be difficult to know if the one failure should be repaired or the whole retainer should be debonded and replaced\ - E - A, B, D are correct\ - F - A, B, C, D are correct F - A, B, C, D are correct Techniques that may be orthodontically employed and incorporated in orthodontic treatment to reduce periodontal rebound/tooth relapse are: (which is INCORRECT?)\ \ - A) When carrying out orthodontic treatment involving the transverse dental relationship, over correction of expansion is employed to allow for possible transverse dental relapse\ - B) When correcting rotated teeth during orthodontic treatment, overcorrection of the derotation is usually planned for, to allow for possible rotational relapse after treatment\ - C) When using inter arch elastics, eg class II or class III, it is usual practice to go from full time wear of the elastics to completely stop wearing the elastics\ - D) When carrying out class II correction with a functional appliance, it is usual practice to overcorrect the A-P position and finish in an anterior edge to edge tooth position, prior to commencement of fixed appliance therapy C\) When using inter arch elastics, eg class II or class III, it is usual practice to go from full time wear of the elastics to completely stop wearing the elastics True or False:\ When significantly rotated teeth are de-rotated as part of a course of orthodontic treatment, retention of the de-rotated teeth is very important. A circumferential fiberotomy can be performed on these teeth. This will help reduce the likelihood of relapse.\ \ - True\ - False True When considering the treatment plan for a patient, there is a hierarchical prioritization of stages to their dental treatment and plan. Orthodontic treatment would be in what phase: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Definitive phase\ - B) Control phase\ - C) Reevaluation phase\ - D) Urgent phase\ - E) Maintenance phase A\) Definitive phase Which diagnostic record is not routinely taken as part of standard orthodontic diagnostic records? (Which is INCORRECT?)\ \ - A) Study models\ - B) MRI TMJ\'s\ - C) Clinical examination\ - D) Radiograph - Panoramic radiograph (pano)\ - E) Radiograph - Lateral Cephalogram\ - F) Photographs - Extraoral and Intraoral B\) MRI TMJ\'s When carrying out an examination and evaluation of the soft tissues of a patient for orthodontic treatment, the following are looked for, except: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Facial vertical thirds\ - B) Facial horizontal fifths\ - C) Facial asymmetries\ - D) Lip projection compared to the esthetic line (e line)\ - E) Molar relationship of the teeth\ - F) Smile line and smile arc\ - G) Lip Competency E\) Molar relationship of the teeth When examining a set of orthodontic study models, the clinical information that cannot be obtained is: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Dental centerlines\ - B) Incisal overjet\ - C) Skeletal relationship of the patient\ - D) Anterior or posterior crossbite\ - E) Canine and molar relationship\ - F) Degree of dental crowding C\) Skeletal relationship of the patient When examining a set of orthodontic study models, the following clinical information can be obtained except: (which is the WRONG answer?)\ \ - A) Alignment of the teeth\ - B) Rotations of the teeth\ - C) Missing teeth\ - D) Teeth that are tipped\ - E) Upper incisal show when patient smiles\ - F) The curve of Spee E\) Upper incisor show when patient smiles When reviewing a set of orthodontic study models, dental clinical crowding is classified as: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Mild - 0-2mm, Moderate - 2-4mm, Severe - \>4mm\ - B) Mild - 0-3mm, Moderate - 3-6mm, Severe - \>6mm\ - C) Mild - 0-4mm, Moderate - 4-8mm, Severe - \>8mm\ - D) Mild - 0-5mm, Moderate - 5-10mm, Severe - \>10mm\ - E) Mild - 0-6mm, Moderate - 6-12mm, Severe - \>12mm C\) Mild - 0-4mm, Moderate - 4-8mm, Severe - \>8mm From a Panoramic radiograph (pano), the findings you could obtain would include all the below except: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Length of roots of the teeth\ - B) The occlusion of the teeth\ - C) The presence of pathology with the TMJ\'s\ - D) Restorations in teeth\ - E) Root morphology B\) The occlusion of the teeth\ \ (b/c when taking pano, pt bites on plastic stick) Cephalometric analysis of a lateral cephalogram for orthodontic treatment allows the clinician to evaluate everything except: (what is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) evaluate the upper jaw to the cranial base\ - B) evaluate the lower jaw to the upper jaw (and visa versa)\ - C) determine the canine and molar relationship\ - D) determine the position of the teeth to the jaws\ - E) determine the position of the teeth to the cranial base and facial soft tissues\ - F) the lower jaw to cranial base C\) determine the canine and molar relationship When evaluating physical growth for the optimal orthodontic treatment timing, i.e. pubertal growth spurt, the worse predictor of skeletal growth age is:\ \ - A) Lateral cephalometric radiograph\ - B) Chronological age\ - C) Female or male growth chart, observations plotted every 6 months for standing height\ - D) Wrist radiograph evaluation B\) Chronological age \(i) The cephalometric measurement of an individual person is compared to a derived set of norms to help determine a cephalometric diagnosis for that patient - True or False?\ \ (ii) Different norms are used for patients from different ethnic backgrounds - True or False?\ \ - True and False\ - True and True\ - False and True\ - False and False True and True Cephalometric Measurement - Wits Analysis\ This is a: (which is the CORRECT answer)\ \ - A - Sagittal measurement\ - B - Wits is a linear measurement\ - C - Wits is constructed using the occlusal plane, A point and B point\ - D - A and B correct\ - E - A, B and C are correct E - A, B and C are correct Cephalometric Landmark - Sella (S)\ Which is the INCORRECT answer?\ \ - A) Sella is located by visual inspection\ - B) Sella is a landmark \"point\" and not an angle or linear measurement\ - C) Sella is a landmark point of a bilateral anatomical structure\ - D) Sella is used in many important cephalometric analyses\'\ - E) Sella is the geometric center of the pituitary fossa C\) Sella is a landmark point of a bilateral anatomical structure Cephalometric Landmark - Nasion (N)\ Which is the INCORRECT answer?\ \ - A) Nasion is a landmark point used in SNA\ - B) Nasion is a point landmark and not a linear measurement\ - C) Nasion is a point in the midsagittal plane\ - D) Nasion is the most anterior point of the frontonasal suture\ - E) Nasion is the point of the most concave part of the nasal bone E\) Nasion is the point of the most concave part of the nasal bone Cephalometric Landmark - Point A (A)\ Which statement is CORRECT?\ \ - A - A point is known as supramentale\ - B - A point is the most posterior midline point of the maxilla\ - C - A point is the most posterior midline point in the concavity between ANS and prosthion\ - D - A point is used to assess the most reliable anterior aspect of the maxilla\ - E - Both C and D are correct E - Both C and D are correct There are FOUR stages or phases of orthodontic treatment involved when a patient is treated with a fixed appliance. Which statement is CORRECT?\ \ - A) When in the finishing and detailing phase, you would expect to be in a light NiTi orthodontic archwire\ - B) When in the working phase, you would expect to be in a light NiTi orthodontic archwire\ - C) When in the leveling and aligning phase, you would expect to be in a light NiTi orthodontic archwire\ - D) When in the leveling and alignment phase, you would expect to be in archwire that you can place permanent bends in\ - E) When in the finishing and detailing phase, you would expect to be space closing after extraction of teeth C\) When in the leveling and aligning phase, you would expect to be in a light NiTi orthodontic archwire In orthodontic treatment, what goals should ideally be corrected by the time you are considering going into the WORKING PHASE (i.e. not in the working phase yet). (Which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) All rotations should be corrected\ - B) All teeth should be aligned and leveled\ - C) A Pano radiograph should be taken to check for root parallelism and root resorption\ - D) All extraction spaces in an extraction case should be closed\ - E) All bracket re positioning should be carried out D\) All extraction spaces in an extraction case should be closed In orthodontic treatment of a patient, the goals of the WORKING PHASE would usually be: (which is the INCORRECT answer)\ \ - A) Molar relationship correct\ - B) All spaces closed in the dental arches\ - C) Canine relationship correct\ - D) The archwire would be a light type archwire, eg NiTi, to be able to cope with wearing elastic bands between the dental arches\ - E) Preparation for orthognathic surgery - teeth should be leveled and aligned and ready for surgery D\) The archwire would be a light type archwire, eg NiTi, to be able to cope with wearing elastic bands between the dental arches By the end of the Working Phase and prior to the FINISHING phase of a patient\'s orthodontic treatment, the below list of statements should be completed except: (which statement is INCORRECT?)\ \ - A) Class I occlusion established\ - B) Incisal overjet is corrected\ - C) Class I molar and canine relationship established\ - D) The incisal overbite will be corrected in the finishing phase of orthodontic treatment\ - E) All extraction spaces/general spaces should be closed D\) The incisal overbite will be corrected in the finishing phase of orthodontic treatment In the FINISHING and DETAILING phase of a patient\'s orthodontic treatment, the following statements are correct except: (which statement is INCORRECT)\ \ - A) In the finishing phase, there are fine in/out tooth positions corrected\ - B) In the finishing phase, there are fine vertical positions of teeth corrected\ - C) The smile esthetics (mini/micro) are reviewed and adjusted if necessary\ - D) The incisal overjet is corrected\ - E) The upper anterior teeth are detailed to achieve the best smile arc possible D\) The incisal overjet is corrected Which of these statements about Andrews six keys to occlusion is INCORRECT?\ \ - A) Rotations - These should all be corrected\ - B) Molar relationship - the upper first permanent molar mesiobuccal cusp occludes with the groove between the mesial and distal cusp of the lower second permanent molar tooth\ - C) Crown angulation - all teeth should have correct crown angulation\ - D) Crown inclination - the torque should be correct\ - E) Spaces between teeth - These should all be closed\ - F) Occlusal plane - this should be flat or mild curve of spee is acceptable B\) Molar relationship - the upper first permanent molar mesiobuccal cusp occludes with the groove between the mesial and distal cusp of the lower second permanent molar tooth Invisalign produce an evaluation tool to assess whether a patient is suitable for Invisalign orthodontic treatment and how easy or difficult it is to treat with Invisalign. Which is the CORRECT answer, True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True\ \ - for orthodontists early in career Which of the following intra oral photographs is required to submit for Invisalign treatment? (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - Upper occlusal view\ - B - Anterior view\ - C - Incisal overjet\ - D - Right buccal view\ - E - A, B, C are all correct\ - F - A, B, D are correct F - A, B, D are correct What would you do in a case if you detect a PVS impressions or digital scan has blended tooth and gingiva missing? (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Ship them/submit scan with a note to the technician asking them to digitally detail them\ - B) Ship them/submit scan and send an e mail to custom care service\ - C) Retake the impression or digital scan\ - D) None of the above C\) Retake the impression or digital scan Which of the following needs to be checked before a patient begins Invisalign treatment. (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - Ensure no active periodontal disease\ - B - Ensure no untreated tooth decay\ - C - Ensure that there are no restorations to be carried out\ - D - B and C are correct\ - E - A, B and C are correct E - A, B and C are correct Invisalign produce several \"patient types\" of treatment. (Which one is CORRECT?)\ \ - A) Adult, Child and Infant\ - B) Child, Teen and Adult\ - C) Infant and Adult\ - D) Teen and Adult\ - E) Infant and Teen B\) Child, Teen and Adult Ways in which a clinician can make changes in a Clincheck before approval to manufacture: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Use 3D controls only\ - B) Use 3D controls and/or written comments with an Invisalign technician - Communicate with Invisalign technician only\ - C) A clinician cannot change/communicate and make any changes to a Clincheck when it is returned to the clinician to be checked B\) Use 3D controls and/or written comments with an Invisalign technician Conventional attachments are used for: (what is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Tooth movement only\ - B) Retention of Invisalign aligner trays\ - C) Tooth movement and retention\ - D) Root movements only B\) Retention of Invisalign aligner trays Smart force attachments (Optimized attachments) are used for? (What is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Can be used for tooth movement, eg torque\ - B) Are only used for retention\ - C) There is no space in the aligner around the optimized attachment when the aligner is seated in the mouth\ - D) Smart force attachments cannot be used for correcting rotations of teeth A\) Can be used for tooth movement, eg torque Invisalign aligners use pressure features eg power ridges, to bring about tooth movements.\ Is this statement True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True When Invisalign trays are delivered to the patient, the clinician has to generally check: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Upper and lower Invisalign aligner trays to see if they fit in the mouth\ - B) Upper and lower template for attachments fit in the mouth\ - C) Upper and lower Invisalign aligner tray fit and template for attachments fit in the mouth\ - D) Do not have to check anything as the trays and template always fit C\) Upper and lower Invisalign aligner tray fit and template for attachments fit in the mouth If an optimized attachment is lost from a tooth during treatment, it can be replaced by either sectioning the original template for the tooth and replacing the attachment on that tooth, or a new template can be ordered at the aligner stage the patient is currently at.\ Is this a true or false statement?\ \ - True\ - False True A common cause for attachments to debond (come off the tooth) is: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - Using a bonding material or bonding agent that is not designed for attachment use\ - B - Bonding to porcelain of gold crown\ - C - Contaminated bond surface or not correct isolation\ - D - Correct answer A and C\ - E - A, B, C all correct E - A, B, C all correct How can the debonding of attachments be prevented: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Cleaning tooth surface with alginate before bonding the attachment\ - B) Cleaning tooth surface with a non-fluoride pumice paste\ - C) Cleaning tooth surface with a bleaching product\ - D) Cleaning tooth surface with a fluoride pumice paste\ - E) All the above is correct B\) Cleaning tooth surface with a non-fluoride pumice paste Patient instructions on wearing Invisalign clear aligners. The patient should be instructed to wear their aligners and change them: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Only when they sleep, change every 7 days\ - B) For 16 hours per day, change aligners every 7 days\ - C) For 20 to 22 hours per day, change aligners every 7 days\ - D) For 20 to 22 hours per day, change aligners every 21 days\ - E) For 16 hours per day, change aligners every 14 days C\) For 20 to 22 hours per day, change aligners every 7 days The maximum amount of tooth movement an aligner is programmed to generally produce is: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) 0.1mm\ - B) 0.25mm\ - C) 0.5mm\ - D) 1.0mm\ - E) 1.5mm B\) 0.25 mm When reviewing a patients Invisalign treatment through the aligner stages, a tracking issue can occur. This is defined as: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) When the patient is noncompliant\ - B) When the aligners get damaged during wear\ - C) When aligners do not fit well, and the teeth are not moving as planned C\) When aligners do not fit well, and the teeth are not moving as planned When coming to the completion of a course of Invisalign orthodontic treatment and there are a few minor details to improve on the case before completion, the clinician may well re scan the patient and provide a few more additional aligners. This process is called: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Mid-course treatment correction\ - B) Refinement\ - C) Another course of Invisalign treatment\ - D) Detailing B\) Refinement Is it possible to track a patients Invisalign treatment by overlaying a scan of their teeth at their current aligner stage of treatment with their original malocclusion of the teeth?\ True or False statement\ \ - True\ - False True The maximum generally accepted amount of interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) you can safely carry out at a contact point between two teeth is: (what is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) 0.5mm\ - B) 0.25mm\ - C) 0.1mm\ - D) 0.75mm\ - E) 1.0mm A\) 0.5 mm Invisalign was first introduced by: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Kesling H.D. in 1945\ - B) Ponitz R. J. in 1971\ - C) McNamara J.A. in 1985\ - D) Boyd R.L. in 1999 D\) Boyd R.L. in 1999 Invisalign clear aligners move teeth by pushing rather than pushing and pulling teeth like conventional fixed orthodontic appliances.\ True or False statement\ \ - True\ - False True Patients can expect the same results from all clear aligner companies (even do it yourself companies) as ultimately plastic is plastic!\ True or False statement\ \ - True\ - False False When treating patients with Invisalign clear aligners, the biology of orthodontic tooth movement is the same as with conventional fixed orthodontic fixed appliances.\ True or False statement\ \ - True\ - False True With Invisalign clear aligner treatment, there are movements that require MORE than the use of an aligner alone, ie attachments are required on teeth. Which tooth movement does not require routine attachments? (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Torque\ - B) Tipping\ - C) Rotations\ - D) Extrusion\ - E) Translation B\) Tipping The consequences of a poorly designed digital treatment plan, or a do-it-yourself product can be: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - Posterior open bite\ - B - Anterior tooth wear\ - C - Mobile teeth and discomfort due to occlusal interferences\ - D - Heavy anterior tooth contacts\ - E - B, C, D are correct\ - F - A, B, C, D are all correct F - A, B, C, D are all correct Aligners routinely create a posterior open bite because patients just clench on their aligners\.....Its something that cannot be prevented in a digital plan.\ True or False statement\ \ - True\ - False False If the Invisalign clear aligners are not fitting well, it can mean: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) The teeth will no longer move according to plan because the aligners cannot push on the tooth surface correctly\ - B) The tooth may be missing an attachment that would have helped with the tooth movement\ - C) The patient may not have been wearing their aligners enough hours\ - D) All of the above D\) All of the above Invisalign aligner treatment is limited to mild cases and cannot be used for more complex treatments such as extractions.\ True or False statement?\ \ - True\ - False False Interproximal enamel reduction is often needed in orthodontics to help treat: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Tooth size discrepancies\ - B) Mild crowding cases to avoid proclination of teeth\ - C) To resolve protrusive incisors and retrocline them\ - D) To resolve general crowding\ - E) All of the above E\) All of the above General Practitioners may want to limit treatment to mild cases (6 to 9 months treatment time) because: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - Generally treatment with a lower number of office visits is more profitable\ - B - Provides the patient with another option other than DIY orthodontics\ - C - Children may have additional factors such as growth that are not accounted for in the digital treatment plan\ - D - A and B Correct only\ - E - A, B, C are all correct E - A, B, C are all correct What is the most difficult type of case to treat with aligners out of the following options: (Which is the CORRECT statement?)\ \ - A) Class I, mild deep bite, upper and lower mild anterior crowding\ - B) Class I, mild deep bite, mild lower crowding, small upper lateral incisor teeth\ - C) Class I, mild deep bite, mild lower crowding, small upper lateral teeth and maxillary spacing\ - D) All three options are the same C\) Class I, mild deep bite, mild lower crowding, small upper lateral teeth and maxillary spacing When using Invisalign treatment to treat a patient, which tooth movement is the easiest out of the options below: (Which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Translation movement\ - B) Rotation\ - C) Extrusion\ - D) Tipping movement\ - E) Torque tooth movement D\) Tipping movement When treatment planning a patient for orthodontic treatment, there are several stages to go through to arrive at a treatment plan before beginning treatment. The order of these stages should be, starting for the start: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) History and exam, Records, treatment objectives, diagnosis, treatment options and then ideal treatment plan\ - B) Records, history and exam, treatment objectives, diagnosis, ideal treatment plan, and then treatment options\ - C) History and exam, records, diagnosis, treatment objectives, treatment options and then ideal treatment plan\ - D) Records, history and exam, diagnosis, treatment objectives, treatment options and then ideal treatment plan\ - E) History and exam, records, diagnosis, treatment objectives, ideal treatment plan and then treatment options C\) History and exam, records, diagnosis, treatment objectives, treatment options and then ideal treatment plan When considering the clinical diagnosis of a patient for orthodontic treatment, it is important to assess fully: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) The anterior-posterior skeletal and dental relationships\ - B) The vertical and transverse skeletal relationships\ - C) The anterior-posterior, vertical, and transverse dental relationships\ - D) The anterior-posterior, vertical, and transverse skeletal relationships\ - E) The anterior-posterior, vertical, and transverse skeletal and dental relationships\ - F) The transverse skeletal and dental relationships E\) The anterior-posterior, vertical, and transverse skeletal and dental relationships A clinical scenario:\ An upper premolar tooth is orthodontically not coming into the mouth by orthodontic traction placed on it by a fixed appliance, the patient has teeth with labial gingival recession on the lower incisor teeth, and the patient has small, diminutive or peg shapes upper left and right lateral incisor teeth.\ In the multidisciplinary care of this patient undergoing orthodontic treatment, which additional members of the multidisciplinary team would be needed?\ \ 1 - General dentist\ 2 - Periodontist\ 3 - Prosthodontist\ 4 - Endodontist\ 5 - Maxillofacial surgeon\ 6 - Oral radiologist\ \ The ideal multidisciplinary team would be: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\ - B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5\ - C) 2, 3, 5, 6\ - D) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6\ - E) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 D\) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 A clinical scenario:\ A 50 year old male patient with diabetes and high blood pressure presents with a malocclusion of the teeth, complicated by missing two upper anterior incisor teeth, caries in several teeth and impacted wisdom teeth.\ In the multidisciplinary care of this patient, which members of the multidisciplinary team would be most likely needed?\ \ 1 - General dentist\ 2 - Periodontist\ 3 - Prosthodontist\ 4 - Endodontist\ 5 - Maxillofacial surgeon\ 6 - Oral radiologist\ 7 - Orthodontist\ \ The ideal multidisciplinary team would be: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7\ - B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7\ - C) 1, 3, 4, 5, 7\ - D) 2, 3, 5, 6, 7\ - E) 1, 5, 6, 7 A\) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 When considering multidisciplinary treatment for a patient, the benefits to the patient should ideally include: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Improved treatment and quality of care\ - B) Improved treatment outcomes for patients\ - C) Reduced time period from diagnosis to treatment\ - D) Good access to health information\ - E) All of the above E\) All of the above The benefits of a multidisciplinary care team for health professions/clinicians are: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Improved care co-ordination and delivery\ - B) Improved patient outcomes and satisfaction\ - C) Team collaboration leads to increase in care errors\ - D) More educational opportunities/learn from other health care providers\ - E) Enhances productivity and saves time C\) Team collaboration leads to increase in care errors A clinical scenario:\ A child presents with a malocclusion of the teeth complicated by two palatal ectopic, impacted, unerupted permanent canine teeth, requires two very small restorations and it was noted in the history that the upper right central incisor tooth had been traumatized 1 years ago when the patient fell off their bike and is now discolored.\ In the multidisciplinary care of this patient, which members of the multidisciplinary team would be most likely needed?\ \ 1 - General dentist\ 2 - Periodontist\ 3 - Prosthodontist\ 4 - Endodontist\ 5 - Maxillofacial surgeon\ 6 - Oral radiologist\ 7 - Orthodontist\ \ The best multidisciplinary team would be: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) 1, 2, 5, 6, 7\ - B) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7\ - C) 1, 4, 6, 7\ - D) 1, 5, 6, 7\ - E) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 B\) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 You are able to start active orthodontic treatment if the patient has active periodontal disease.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False False You could NOT start active orthodontic treatment if the patient required a root canal therapy (RCT) on a tooth that was to be orthodontically moved.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True You could start active orthodontic treatment in a patient who requires surgical exposure of an upper palatal placed unerupted permanent canine tooth.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True The envelope of discrepancy illustrates the zone or boundaries that teeth can be moved in: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) The anteroposterior dimension only\ - B) The vertical dimension only\ - C) The anteroposterior and vertical dimension only\ - D) The anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse dimension\ - E) The transverse dimension only D\) The anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse dimension The envelope of discrepancy illustrates the boundaries that only the upper teeth can be moved during growth modification, orthodontic treatment, and surgical treatment.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False False\ \ (Upper AND lower teeth) The area of the envelope of discrepancy represented by the inner TWO circles represent: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) The total tooth movement when jaw surgery is utilized along with orthodontic treatment\ - B) The total tooth movement that can be undertaken by orthodontic treatment and growth modification treatment only\ - C) The total tooth movement that can be undertaken by surgical treatment only\ - D) The total tooth movement that can be undertaken by orthodontic treatment, growth modification treatment and surgery\ - E) The total tooth movement that can be undertaken by orthodontic treatment alone. B\) The total tooth movement that can be undertaken by orthodontic treatment and growth modification treatment only Maxillary expansion can: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Maxillary expansion moves the maxilla down slightly during treatment\ - B) Maxillary expansion moves the maxilla forward slightly during treatment\ - C) Maxillary expansion can be carried out at different rates of speed, from 1mm of expansion per week to 0.5mm or more per day\ - D) Maxillary expansion can be predictably carried out at any time, including during adulthood\ - E) Maxillary expansion can be carried out with surgical assistance (SARPE) D\) Maxillary expansion can be predictably carried out at any time, including during adulthood\ \ (Max. expansion - NOT predictable for adults) Growth modification in orthodontics can be used for patients who present needing: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - Maxillary expansion (or distraction)\ - B - Class II malocclusion correction - Mandibular advancement\ - C - Class II malocclusion correction - Maxillary restraint\ - D - Class III malocclusion correction - Mandibular restraint\ - E - Class III malocclusion correction - Maxillary protraction\ - F - Answer A, B, C, E are correct\ - G - All the above answers are correct G - All the above answers are correct Guidelines for early class III treatment (before pubertal growth spurt) - Positive factors that may indicate early treatment for class III malocclusion include: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Family history of prognathism\ - B) Good facial esthetics\ - C) Good patient cooperation\ - D) Symmetrical condylar growth\ - E) Anteroposterior shift (ie a shift exists between CR & CO) A\) Family history of prognathism When considering Class II malocclusion correction using growth modification techniques the options include: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Restraining maxillary growth using headgear\ - B) Promoting mandibular growth using a functional appliance\ - C) Using a combination of restraining maxillary growth and promoting mandibular growth\ - D) Surgically advancing the mandible D\) Surgically advancing the mandible Functional appliances. The mode of action of a removable functional appliance (eg Twin Block appliance) includes: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Restricts mandibular growth\ - B) Protracts mandibular dentition\ - C) Restricts maxillary growth\ - D) Retracts maxillary incisors\ - E) Promotes mandibular posterior teeth mesial eruption A\) Restricts mandibular growth Headgear can be classified as High Pull, Low Cervical Pull and Combination Pull. True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True\ \ (Combination Pull - maxilla BACK & UP) The most common reason patients seek orthognathic treatment is to improve their facial esthetics, jaw function or both.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True Surgical predictions for orthognathic surgical procedures are very accurate and the patient can be guaranteed the result from them.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False False When considering dental extraction patterns and skeletal pattern of a patient, with significant dental crowding, which extraction pattern in a camouflage orthodontic treatment plan would be CORRECT?\ \ - A) Class II skeletal pattern -\> upper second premolar and lower first premolar teeth\ - B) Class III skeletal pattern -\> upper first premolar and lower second premolar teeth\ - C) Class II skeletal pattern -\> upper first premolar and lower second premolar teeth\ - D) Class III skeletal pattern -\> all four first premolar teeth\ - E) Class I skeletal pattern-\> upper first premolar and lower second premolar teeth A\) Class II skeletal pattern -\> upper second premolar and lower first premolar teeth The planned extraction pattern for a mild Class II div 1 malocclusion with crowding in a \"camouflaged\" orthodontic patient treatment plan would usually be the same as a severe Class II div 1 malocclusion with crowding that needed a surgical correction (orthognathic surgical treatment approach) to also correct the underlying retrognathic mandible (severe skeletal II pattern).\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False False If considering camouflage orthodontic treatment VS orthognathic surgical treatment, the predictors for an acceptable outcome by camouflage orthodontic treatment are: (which is the INCORRECT answer?)\ \ - A) Moderate to severe anteroposterior jaw discrepancies\ - B) Normal soft tissue features of the nose, lips and chin\ - C) No transverse skeletal discrepancies\ - D) Short facial pattern\ - E) Mild to moderate dental crowding A\) Moderate to severe anteroposterior jaw discrepancies When considering mandibular surgery, which is the INCORRECT answer?\ \ - A) A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy allows movement in only one plane\ - B) A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy is generally immobilized using rigid fixation\ - C) A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy allows excellent bone to bone contact after the surgical movement and promotes good healing\ - D) Transverse surgical expansion or constriction of the mandible is not carried out on a common basis A\) A bilateral sagittal split osteotomy allows movement in only one plane When considering maxillary surgery, which is the INCORRECT answer?\ \ - A) The maxilla can be mobilized to the facial disharmony/syndrome utilizing a Le Fort I, II or III osteotomy procedure\ - B) Le Fort I osteotomy is the most commonly utilized technique in orthognathic surgery for maxillary surgery\ - C) It is possible to provide surgical expansion and constriction using a Le Fort I 2-piece or 3- piece procedure\ - D) A SARPE is a surgical procedure used predominantly in children and adolescent patients D\) A SARPE is a surgical procedure used predominantly in children and adolescent patients A SARPE surgical procedure will provide better stability than a 2 or 3 piece Le Fort I osteotomy.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True Distraction Osteogenesis - Which is the CORRECT statement?\ \ - A - This can be carried out in the maxilla and in the mandible\ - B - An advantage with the technique is that large distances of movement can be achieved\ - C - A disadvantage of this technique is that it is difficult to be precise in controlling jaw movement\ - D - An advantage with this technique is that deficient jaw size can be increased in size at a much earlier age\ - E - An example of using distraction osteogenesis would be in the treatment of a young child with the Pierre Robin Syndrome\ - F - A, B, C are all correct\ - G - All the above are correct G - All the above are correct Chin augmentation. Which is the INCORRECT statement?\ \ - A) There are 2 approaches to reposition of chin relative to the rest of the mandible - lower border osteotomy (genioplasty) and augmentation by an alloplastic implant\ - B) A lower border osteotomy allow the chin to be repositioned in all three planes of space\ - C) A lower border osteotomy has a predictable and stable outcome\ - D) A lower border osteotomy allows the surgeon to increase or decrease the lower third facial height\ - E) An alloplastic chin graft cannot be removed if it is felt that the chin is unsightly post surgically\ - F) An alloplastic chin graft may over time erode into the surface of bone and be destructive E\) An alloplastic chin graft cannot be removed if it is felt that the chin is unsightly post surgically Implants for facial soft tissue contour: (which answer is CORRECT?)\ \ - A - Facial soft tissue contour implants may be beneficial in patients with paranasal deficiency / poor malar support\ - B - Materials used for implants include patients own bone and alloplastic materials\ - C - Facial soft tissue contour implants maybe beneficial in patients who have soft tissue deformities accompanying facial syndromes, eg hemifacial microsomia\ - D - Materials used for implants include freeze dried cadaver bone\ - E - A, B, C are correct\ - F - All the above are correct E - A, B, C are correct Orthognathic surgery - which is the CORRECT statement?\ \ - A) Orthognathic surgery has little inhibitory effect on skeletal III growth and should be carried out during a patient\'s growth spurt\ - B) Orthognathic surgery has little inhibitory effect on skeletal III growth and should be carried out once growth has been shown to have stopped\ - C) Orthognathic surgery has a large inhibitory effect on skeletal III growth and should be carried out during a patient\'s growth spurt\ - D) Orthognathic surgery has a large inhibitory effect on skeletal III growth and should be carried out once growth has been shown to have stopped B\) Orthognathic surgery has little inhibitory effect on skeletal III growth and should be carried out once growth has been shown to have stopped When a patient is having orthognathic surgery involving the lower jaw:- Wisdom teeth must be extracted at a minimum of 6 months prior to mandibular osteotomy surgery.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True When considering the treatment planning of an orthognathic patient, there are 3 defined phases that the patient will go through, and an ideal length of time for each of them.\ \ 1 - Presurgical orthodontic phase - 3 months\ 2 - Postsurgical orthodontic phase - 3 to 6 months\ 3 - Presurgical orthodontic phase - 9 to 12 months\ 4 - Postsurgical orthodontic phase - 12 to 18 months\ \ Which is the CORRECT answer?\ \ - A) 1 and 2 correct\ - B) 3 and 4 correct\ - C) 1 and 4 correct\ - D) 2 and 3 correct D\) 2 and 3 correct When a patient undergoes orthognathic surgery treatment, the patient undergoes a typical psychological response. This is seen by the patient undergoing a typical phase of psychological negativism or depression. This peaks around 4 to 8 days post-surgery.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False True There is little difference in the stability of different types of surgical repositioning of the jaw movements carried out in Orthognathic surgery.\ True or False?\ \ - True\ - False False The stability of surgically repositioning of the jaws is dependent on: (which is the CORRECT answer?)\ \ - A - Direction of bone movement\ - B - Type of fixation used to stabilize the bone movements\ - C - Surgical technique/ osteotomies used in moving the bones\ - D - A and C are correct\ - E - A, B, C are all correct E - A, B, C are all correct