Maps Chapter 3 PDF

CHAPTER Maps 3 CHAPTER 3 Learning Outcomes The students will be able to understand the difference between a map and sketch. understand the main components of a map, classify different types of maps. locate Continents, Oceans in a World map. MAPS Components Types Directions, Scale, Symbols &...

CHAPTER Maps 3 CHAPTER 3 Learning Outcomes The students will be able to understand the difference between a map and sketch. understand the main components of a map, classify different types of maps. locate Continents, Oceans in a World map. MAPS Components Types Directions, Scale, Symbols & Colours Political Map Map Pointing Location of Continents & Oceans Physical Map 56 Thematic Map In the previous chapter, we have learned how to use a globe as a model of the Earth however, the Globe has some limitations as well. A Globe can be useful when we want to study shape of the earth as a whole. But, when we want to study the Earth horizontally as a part, such as a country, state, district, town, village and world as a whole, it is of little help. In such a situation we use maps. In this lesson you will learn about the sketch, map, components of a map and types of a map. You will also learn to locate Oceans and Continents in a World map. Sathwika happened to meet Mrudula at a science fare in Tirupati. They became good friends. Sathwika lives in Tirupati while Mru dula lives in Nellor e. Mrudula wanted to visit the house of Sathwika in summer vacation. She asked Sathwika “How could I reach your house at Tirupati”? Sathwika sent a sketch of her town showing her house. Mrudula could not reach Sathwika’s house with the help of sketch. Sketch: Map: A sketch is a drawing mainly based A map is a representation of the whole Earth or a part of it, on a flat surface according to it’s proportionate scale. A map must have certain components like direction, scale, symbols etc. on memory and spot observation and not to scale. A rough drawing is drawn withou t scale and directions. Fig 3.1 A model of a sketch Fig 3.2 A model of a map with components 58 Let’s Do Why was Mrudula not able to reach her destination with the help of above sketch? Components of the map The following are the main components of a map. 1.Directions 2. Scale 3. Symbols 4.Colours Blue Green Yellow Fig 3.3 Compass Brown Fig 3.5 Symbols Fig 3.4 Scale Fig 3.6 Colors Direc tions If you stand just opposite to the Sunrise, that means you are seeing East direction, and at your back is West, to your left is North and to your right is South. Among these four directions North is treated as principal direction. That is why all the maps contain North arrow with the letter N at the top right-hand corner. When you know the North, you can find out other directions, for example east, west and south. We have four major directions, North, South, East and West, which are called cardinal directions. Other four intermediate directions are North-east (NE), Southeast (SE), South-west (SW) and North-west (NW). We can locate any place more accurately with the help of these intermediate directions. Fig 3.7 Directions - A model 60 Let’s Do Go through the above 3.7 figure and fill the following table. Direction Object North North- East South South- West East Sunrise South – East West North- West Scale It is another component of a map. The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the actual ground. A scale can be used to figure out the distance between two locations on a map. Fig 3.8 Map of a Village 62 Let’s Do Observe the given Fig. 3.8 and calculate the actual distance between the following places using the scale. i. ii. iii. The distance between PO and Raju’s house. The distance between Raju’s house and Puja’s house. The distance between Chiru’s house and the school. Symbols It is the third important component of a map. It is not possible to draw on a map the actual shape and size of different features such as buildings, roads, bridges, trees, railway lines or a well. So, they are shown by using certain letters, shades, colours, pictures and lines. These symbols give a lot of information in a limited space. With the use of these symbols, maps can be drawn easily and are simple to read. Even if you don’t know the language of an area without asking someone for directions, you can come to know the information from maps with the help of symbols. Think & Respond How do symbols give us information? DidYou You Know Do Know Map makers are called Cartographers. Book of maps is called an Atlas. Fig 3.9 Map symbols 64 Colours or patterns Fig 3.10 A village map with symbols When you look at a physical map which shows the ups and downs on the Earth, you can see different colours. These colours represent different physical features. The colours are used in a physical map. Patterns and Colours are also used in thematic maps for different intensities. Blue Green Yellow Brown Water Bodies (Rivers, Seas, Oceans etc.) Plains or Low-lands High intensity Moderate intensity Low intensity Plateaus Very low intensity Mountains Fig 3.11 Colours used in physical maps Fig 3.12 Patterns used in thematic Maps In some thematic maps, patterns are used instead of colours like shades and lines. Types of Maps Based on content or purpose, maps can be classified into three types. They are: 1. Political Map 2. Physical Map 3. Thematic Map 66 1. Political maps Maps showing villages, cities, towns, districts, states and countries with their boundaries are called political maps. In figure 3.1 you can refer to the political map of India with State and UT boundaries. N Map 3.1 Political map of India 68 In figure 3.2 you can refer to the World political map with the boundaries of continents. You can see large sheets of landmass and large water bodies on the World map. The large landmasses are called Continents. And the large water bodies are called Oceans. Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia are the continents, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic and Arctic are the Oceans. Map 3.2 Continents and Oceans DidYou YouKnow Know Do Let’s Do Asia is the largest continent in the world. India is a part of it. India shares its land boundary with neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Myanmar. Make a table with the states, UTs and their capitals. S.No State/UT Capital 2. Physical maps These maps showing the physical features such as Mountains, Plateaus, Plains, Oceans and Rivers, Deserts etc. Let’s Do Go through the above physical map and write some physical features of India. Map 3.3 Physical map of India 70 3. Thematic maps These maps are used to show the distribution of specific features such as land use, temperature, rainfall, population, soils, natural vegetation, crops, minerals, industries, railways, roads, waterways, etc. Think & Respond What does the map indicate? Why it is called a thematic map? Let’s Do Collect different thematic maps and display in your class room. Discuss with your friends. Map 3.4 India - Major Crops (Thematic Map) Maps based on scale There are two types of maps based on scale. a. Large-scale maps: These maps represent small areas. They can be divided into Cadastral maps and Topographical maps. Cadastral maps show individual property. Topographical maps show detailed surface features. b. Small-scale maps: They represent large areas - World, Continents or Countries. They are of two types - Wall maps and Atlas maps. Wall maps are larger in size than the Atlas. They are used as teaching aids in the class room and administrative purpose. They can show general and important features, such as political divisions, physical features etc. 72 Uses of maps • Maps help us to locate places like cities, districts, states and countries. • They show the physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains. • They help us to know the major routes of transport such as roads, railways etc. • They help us to understand the distribution of crops, minerals, soils etc. • Maps help the Army at the time of war and for security reasons. • Maps guide the tourists/travellers to their destination. DidYou YouKnow Know Do GPS stands for Global Positioning Systems and it is an important technology for locating objects on the Earth. Web-based maps service provides detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world. In addition to conventional road maps, that Maps offers aerial and satellite views of many places. Glossary Map Sketch Plan Scale Cardinal directions Intermediate directions Compass : Diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc. : Drawing based on memory and spot observation and not to scale. : Drawing a small area on a large scale. : Ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map with the help of scale. : Directionsofnorth,east,south,and west, denoted byN,E, S, W. : Direction between to cardinal directions (northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest) : Drawing circles and arcs and measuring distances between points. Improve Your Learning 1. 2. 3. 4. What are the components of a map? Why is the actual distance on the ground reduced on a map? Explain the need of symbols in preparing maps. Find out the scale used in your district map to show the distance between your mandal head quarter and district head quarter? 5. How political maps are different from physical maps? 6. What is the importance of thematic maps? 74