Hardware and Mobile Devices PDF

Faculty of Economics and Political Science The Department of Socio-computing Applications of Social Science Computing in Modern Information Societies 1 Information technology concepts Hardware and mobile devices Textbooks: - R. K...

Faculty of Economics and Political Science The Department of Socio-computing Applications of Social Science Computing in Modern Information Societies 1 Information technology concepts Hardware and mobile devices Textbooks: - R. Kelly Rainer Jr., Brad Prince and Casey Cegielski, “Introduction to Information Systems ,Supporting and Transforming Business”, Fifth Edition, 2014. (p. 438-p.455) - Ralph M. Stair and George W. Reynolds, “Principles of Information Systems”, thirteenth edition, 2018. (p.84-p.130) 1  outline 1- Introduction to hardware. 2- Computer hierarchy. 2 1- INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARE 3  1- Introduction to hardware The following slides focus on the hardware components of a computer-based information system (CBIS). Recall that hardware refers to the physical components of a computer that perform the input, processing, output, and storage activities of the computer. 4  CPU (microprocessor) 5 Main parts of a computer  Central processing unit (CPU): Manipulates the data and controls the tasks performed by the other components. Primary storage: Temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing. Secondary storage: Stores data and programs for future use. 6  Input technologies : Accept data and instructions and convert them to a form that the computer can understand. Output technologies : Present data and information in a form people can understand. Communication technologies : Provide for the flow of data from external computer networks (e.g., the Internet) to the CPU, and from the CPU to computer networks. 7 INPUT AND OUTPUT TECHNOLOGIES Input and Output Technologies Input technologies allow users to enter data into a computer. Data in a computer can be of different types, for example: Numeric, Text, Multimedia (images, video, and sound). Each data type has its suitable input technologies. The two main types of input devices: o Human data-entry devices. o Source-data automation devices. 9 Input and Output Technologies Human data-entry devices require a certain amount of human effort to input data. Examples are keyboard, mouse, touch screen and voice recognition. 10 Input and Output Technologies Source-data automation devices input data with minimal human intervention. These technologies speed up data collection, reduce errors. Bar code readers are an example of source-data automation. Table TG 1.1 the various input devices. (- R. Kelly Rainer Jr., Brad Prince and Casey Cegielski, “Introduction to Information Systems ,Supporting and Transforming Business”, Fifth Edition, 2014.) 11 12 13 14 Input and Output Technologies The output generated by a computer can be transmitted to the user via several output devices. These devices such as monitors, printers, plotters. Table TG 1.2 describes the various output devices. (- R. Kelly Rainer Jr., Brad Prince and Casey Cegielski, “Introduction to Information Systems ,Supporting and Transforming Business”, Fifth Edition, 2014.) 15 16  17 THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT The Central Processing Unit The central processing unit (CPU) performs the actual computation inside any computer. The CPU is a microprocessor (e.g., Intel’s Core i3, i5) made up of millions of microscopic transistors embedded on a chip. For this reason, microprocessors are commonly referred to as chips. 18 The Central Processing Unit CPU The CPU has different parts, which perform different functions: The control unit. The arithmetic-logic unit (ALU). The registers. Main parts of a computer 19 The Central Processing Unit The control unit: CPU (microprocessor) sequentially accesses program instructions, decodes them, and controls the flow of data to and from the arithmetic-logic unit, the registers, the primary storage, secondary storage, and various output devices. Main parts of a computer 20 The Central Processing Unit CPU (microprocessor) The arithmetic-logic unit (ALU): performs the mathematic ( +,-, …) calculations and makes logical (>,