Optical Fiber Transmission Media PDF

OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA Transmission media and antenna system & design ENGR. CHRISTIAN POQUIZ ENOVAL, MSc., ASEAN Eng, PECE, SMIEEE  OUTLINE Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval Undersea Cable Map Undersea Cable Map Undersea Cable Map Undersea Cable Map Undersea Cable Map ...

OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION MEDIA Transmission media and antenna system & design ENGR. CHRISTIAN POQUIZ ENOVAL, MSc., ASEAN Eng, PECE, SMIEEE  OUTLINE Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval Undersea Cable Map Undersea Cable Map Undersea Cable Map Undersea Cable Map Undersea Cable Map  i. Introduction Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  i. Introduction Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  II. HISTORY OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  II. HISTORY OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  II. HISTORY OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  II. HISTORY OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS ▪ ▪ Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  II. HISTORY OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  II. HISTORY OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  II. HISTORY OF OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  III. Advantages & disadvantages of optical fibers over metallic cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  III. Advantages & disadvantages of optical fibers over metallic cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  III. Advantages & disadvantages of optical fibers over metallic cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  III. Advantages & disadvantages of optical fibers over metallic cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  III. Advantages & disadvantages of optical fibers over metallic cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  III. Advantages & disadvantages of optical fibers over metallic cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  III. Advantages & disadvantages of optical fibers over metallic cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  III. Advantages & disadvantages of optical fibers over metallic cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IV. EleCtromagnetic spectrum 10−6 = 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 10−9 = 𝑛𝑚 10−10 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝜆 = 770𝑛𝑚 𝑡𝑜 106 𝑛𝑚 𝜆 = 390𝑛𝑚 𝑡𝑜 770 𝑛𝑚 𝜆= 10𝑛𝑚 𝑡𝑜 390𝑛𝑚 Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  V. Block diagram of an optical fiber communications system Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  V. Block diagram of an optical fiber communications system Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  V. Block diagram of an optical fiber communications system Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  V. Block diagram of an optical fiber communications system Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  V. Block diagram of an optical fiber communications system Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  vi. OPTICAL FIBER CONSTRUCTION Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  vi. OPTICAL FIBER CONSTRUCTION Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  vi. OPTICAL FIBER CONSTRUCTION Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  vi. OPTICAL FIBER CONSTRUCTION Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝐸𝑝 = ℎ𝑓 ℎ𝑐 𝐸𝑝 = 𝜆 𝐸𝑝 = energy of the photon (Joule) h= Planck’s constant (6.625x10−34 J-s) f = frequency of light photon (Hz) 𝜆 = wavelength (meter per cycle) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝑑 (𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦) 𝑃= 𝑑 (𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒) 𝑑𝑄 𝑃= 𝑑𝑡 𝑃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 ∅ dQ= instantaneous charge (Joules) dt = instantaneous change in time (seconds) 𝜇 Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝑐 𝑛= 𝑣 𝑛 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 (unitless) c = speed of light in free space (3x108 m/s) v = speed of light in a given material Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval Optical Fiber Transmission Media Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝜃2 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝜃1 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑛2 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑛1 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 1 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation n1 sinθ1 = sinθ2 n2 n1 1.5 sinθ2 = sin30 = 0.5514 n2 1.36 θ2 = sin−1 0.5514 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟒𝟕° n1 sinθ1 = n2 sinθ2 Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝜃2 = 90°, 𝜃1 𝜃𝑐 𝑛2 𝑛2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 = 1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐 = 𝑛1 𝑛1 𝑛 −1 2 𝜃1 = 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝜃𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛2 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑛1 𝑛1 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 1 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝑛1 = 1.53 −1 𝑛2 −1 1.44 𝜃𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛1 1.53 𝑛2 = 1.44 𝜽𝒄 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝜃𝑐 =? Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝜽𝒊𝒏(𝒎𝒂𝒙) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝜽𝒊𝒏(𝒎𝒂𝒙) 𝑛1 2 − 𝑛2 2 𝜃𝑖𝑛(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑛𝑜 𝜃𝑖𝑛(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑛1 2 − 𝑛2 2 𝑛𝑜 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑖𝑟 1 𝑛1 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒(𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) 𝜃𝑖𝑛(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑛2 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑧 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝑁𝐴 = 𝑛1 2 − 𝑛2 2 𝑛1 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) 𝜃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑛2 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑧 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) 𝜃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑁𝐴 Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  VII. Light propagation 𝑛 2−𝑛 2 1 2 𝜃𝑖𝑛(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑛𝑜 𝑛1 𝑛1 2 − 𝑛2 2 𝜃𝑖𝑛(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 25° 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑖𝑛 = 1 𝑛2 = 𝑛1 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 )2 = (1.62)2 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛25)2 2 2 𝑛2 = 2.446 𝒏𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔𝟒 Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  Viii. OPTICAL FIBER CONFIGURATIONS 𝑛1 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒(𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) 𝑛2 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠) 𝜋𝑑 𝑁= ( 𝑛1 2 − 𝑛2 2 )2 N = number of propagating modes d = core diameter (meters) 𝜆 𝜆 = wavelength (meters) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  Viii. OPTICAL FIBER CONFIGURATIONS Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐴𝑑𝐵 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙, 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝑑𝐵 = 10 log 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = cable output power (Watts) 𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = cable input power (Watts) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables P = measured power level (Watts) −𝐴𝑙/10 𝑃 = 𝑃𝑡 × 10 𝑃𝑡 = transmitted power level (Watts) 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 (𝑑𝐵/𝑘𝑚) l = cable length (km) 𝑃𝑑𝐵𝑚 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝐵𝑚 − 𝐴𝑙 (𝑑𝐵) P = measured power level (dBm) 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = transmit power (dBm) 𝐴𝑙 = 𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠, 𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑑𝐵) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables 0.1𝜇𝑊 0.001 10−[ 0.25 100 /10] 0.1𝑚𝑊 0.001 10−4 10[(0.25)(100)/10] 10−4 ) 10−2.5 ) 𝝁𝑾 Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  IX. Losses In optical fiber cables Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  X. optical sources Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  X. optical sources Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  X. optical sources Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  X. optical sources ADVANTAGES over homojunction devices*** The increase in current density generates a more brilliant light spot. The smaller emitting area makes it easier to couple its emitted light into a fiber The small effective area has a smaller capacitance, which allows the planar heterojunction LED to be used at higher speeds Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  X. optical sources Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  X. optical sources Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  X. optical sources Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  X. optical sources LED and ILD Radiation Patterns Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XI. Light detectors Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XI. Light detectors Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XI. Light detectors Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XI. Light detectors Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XII. LASER Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XII. LASER Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XII. LASER Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XII. LASER Liquid Laser Application: HELLADS (High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System) Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XII. LASER Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval  XII. LASER Semiconductor Laser Application: DVD Player Prepared by Engr. Christian P. Enoval XIII. FIBER OPTICS ACTUAL APPLICATIONS XIII. FIBER OPTICS ACTUAL APPLICATIONS XIII. FIBER OPTICS ACTUAL APPLICATIONS XIII. FIBER OPTICS ACTUAL APPLICATIONS XIII. FIBER OPTICS ACTUAL APPLICATIONS XIII. FIBER OPTICS ACTUAL APPLICATIONS