490674750-PERDEV-Q1-Mod2-Developing-the-Whole-Person.pdf

Senior High School Personal Development Quarter 1 – Module 2: Developing the Whole Person Personal Development – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 2: Developing the Whole Person First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No c...

Senior High School Personal Development Quarter 1 – Module 2: Developing the Whole Person Personal Development – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 2: Developing the Whole Person First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Bernadette D. Manahan and Hernani D. Patches Jr. Editors: Amalia C. Solis, EPS Reviewers: Hernani D. Patches Jr. / Dr. Richmond Fructuoso B. Salao (Content) Marieta A. Dar (Language) Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief Lucky S. Carpio, EPS In Charge of LRMS Division ADM Coordinator Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – National Capital Region Office Address: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Telefax: ____________________________________________ E-mail Address: ____________________________________________  11 Personal Development Quarter 1 – Module 2: Developing the Whole Person Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Personal Development -11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Developing the Whole Person. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the learner: Welcome to Personal Development 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Developing the Whole Person The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or 2  skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! 3  What I Need to Know In this module, the learners will demonstrate an understanding of the various aspects of holistic development: physiological, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and social. The learners shall be able to illustrate the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behavior of a person holistically.. The module is subjected to discuss namely: Lesson 1 – Five Areas of Personal Development Lesson 2 – Evaluation of One’s Thoughts, Feelings and Behaviors; and Connections Between One’s Thoughts, Feelings and Behaviors in Actual Life Situations Most Essential Learning Competencies: After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. discuss the relationship among physiological, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and social development to understand one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; 2. evaluate one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; and 3. show the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in real-life situations. 4  What I Know Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It refers to the physical changes in the body as well as changes in skills related to movement. a. Social development b. Cognitive development c. Emotional development d. Physiological development 2. This has something to do with the feelings that you experience. a. Social development b. Cognitive development c. Emotional development d. Physiological development 3. It is about the innate capacity to relate with others, to connect, and feel the sense of belongingness. a. Social development b. Emotional development c. Spiritual development d. Cognitive development 4. It refers to the person’s intellectual abilities as shown in his/her thoughts, attitudes, beliefs and values. 1. Social development 2. Emotional development 3. Spiritual development 4. Cognitive development 5. It is defined as discovering oneself beyond the ego known as the soul. Spirit or the “inner essence” that is often disregarded or taken for granted. 1. Social development 2. Emotional development 3. Spiritual development 4. Physiological development 5  Lesson Five Areas of Personal 1 Development Human development is the way that people change and grow across their life span. There are many types of development that people go through. As children learn problem-solving skills, their cognitive (or thinking) development grows. When people age, they often develop wisdom, which means they are better able to handle stress, a process that is part of emotional development. What’s In As discussed in the previous module, Personality refers to how an individual uniquely thinks feels and behaves in different situations. As we look back, below are some questions to ponder. Answer the following questions on the space provided. 1. How do you know your personality? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why is it important to know yourself better? What are the things you want to develop and improve within yourself? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Is there importance in understanding and studying yourself, especially when you feel helpless and quarantine in your own home? Cite some reasons. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How do you feel for those who early give up in life such as news about suicide, the feeling of hopelessness, and other sad news? If you are in their position, what will you do? Explain your answer.. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the best way to describe the self? State your belief and philosophy. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 6  Notes to the Teacher Students can visit the website www.psychologyprogram.com for understanding the five aspects of personal development, through habits that can improve sense around and the self. It is a great site for looking answers in the philosophical and psychological understanding the self, especially in this trying times. Note: For learners who are using online platform The learning module emphasizes on the 5-C skills being developed by the learners through the activities – (Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical thinking and Character Building). 7  What’s New Before we proceed to the lesson, let me ask first, “How well do you know yourself?” Have you noticed those “changes” within yourself, and how do you react to those developments? ACTIVITY 1.1: Self-assessment (Critical thinking, Character) Instruction: Assess yourself based on the following statement. The highest rate is 5 and the lowest is 1. Statement Rate 1 2 3 4 5 1. I have a healthy physical body 2. I get enough rest and sleep 3. My body is fed with nutritious food and sufficient water to help the physiological system functions more optimally 4. I suffer from body aches and pains 5. During this pandemic crisis, I consider myself as safe from viruses and diseases 6. I am an emotional person 7. I easily get angry 8. I am friendly 9. I have good study habits 10. I am a spiritual person Analysis: After having a brief self-assessment regarding your physical, emotional, social, cognitive, and spiritual development, what are the things you want to improve or develop further? Why is this so? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 8  What is It Life seems to have become a bewildering maze at times. Thus, you try to reflect on your common beliefs. Amidst these developments, it helps recognize how the different physiological, cognitive, emotional, spiritual, and social developments are in a dynamic relationship. By recognizing such changes, you can understand and evaluate your thoughts. The following section discusses how to develops one’s personality and to make it well balanced. Five Areas of Personal Development Area Development Physiological development Refers to physical changes in the body as well as the senses and changes in skills related to movement. Emotional development It has something to do with the feelings that you experience. Social development It is about our innate capacity to relate with others, to connect, and to feel the sense of belongingness Cognitive development Refers to a person’s intellectual abilities as shown in his/her thoughts, attitudes, beliefs and values. Spiritual development It is discovering oneself beyond the ego known as the soul, spirit, or the “inner essence” that is often disregarded or taken for granted. It is experiencing a glimpse of the “inner guide” of one’s beliefs and values in discovering the meaning of life. PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT Physical health is defined as the condition of your body, taking into consideration everything from the absence of disease to fitness level. Physical health is critical for overall well-being and can be affected by: Lifestyle: diet, level of physical activity, and behavior (eating unhealthy foods); Human biology: a person’s genetics and physiology may make it easier or harder to achieve good physical health; Environment: our surroundings and exposure to factors such as sunlight or toxic substances; and Healthcare service: good healthcare can help prevent illness, as well as to detect and treat illness. 9 It is important to take care of your body. Live healthy, eat healthy foods, get enough sleep, exercise regularly, and avoid drugs and alcohol. Manage stress and go for regular medical check-ups. Practice good hygiene. Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Physiological Development. 1. How healthy is your physical body? 2. Does it get enough rest and sleep? 3. Is it given nutritional food and sufficient water to help the physiological system do its functions more optimally? 4. What aches and pains does your body suffer? 5. When was your last medical check-up? 6. What are the common illnesses in your family? 7. If you look into generations before, what sickness plagued your ancestors? 8. In the pandemic crisis, do you consider yourself safe from such viruses and diseases? EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Emotional health is an important part of overall health. Emotionally healthy people are in control of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. They can cope with life’s challenges. Emotions are responses that generate biochemical reactions in our bodies, changing the physical state. There are many ways to improve or maintain good emotional health. Be aware of your emotions and reactions. Notice what in your life makes you sad, frustrated, or angry. Try to address or change those things. Think before you act. Emotions can be powerful. Give yourself time to think, and be calm before you say or do something you might regret. Manage stress. Try to change situations, causing you stress. Learn relaxation methods to cope with stress. Strive for balance. Find a healthy balance between work and play and between activity and rest. Make time for things you enjoy. Focus on positive things in your life. Take care of your physical health. Your physical health can affect your emotional health. Exercise regularly, eat healthy meals and get enough sleep. Do not abuse drugs or alcohol. Connect with others. We are social creatures. We need positive connections with other people. Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Emotional Development: Your own experiences when you are___________________________ -happy -sad -afraid -surprised -angry -disgusted SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Social Development refers to how people develop social and emotional skills across the lifespan, with particular attention to childhood and adolescence. Healthy social development allows us to form positive relationships with family, friends, teachers, and other people in our lives. 10 As a person develop and perceive its individuality within a community, he/she also gains skills to communicate with other people and process his/her actions. Social development most often refers to how a person develops friendships and other relationships and how a person handles conflict with peers. Why is social development important? Social development can impact many other forms of development a person experiences. Healthy social development allows us to form positive relationships with family, friends, teachers, and other people. Healthy social development can help you: Develop Communication Skills. An ability to interact with others allows for more opportunities to practice communications skills Build self-esteem. When a person is unable to make friends, it can be frustrating or even painful. A good circle of friends reinforces a person’s comfort level with her individuality. Strengthen learning skills. Studies show that children who have a hard time getting along with classmates as early as a preschool are more likely to experience later academic difficulties. Resolve conflicts. Stronger self-esteem and better language skills can ultimately lead to a better ability to resolve differences with peers. Establish a positive attitude. A positive attitude ultimately leads to better relationships with others and higher levels of self-confidence. Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Emotional Development 1. How is your relationship with your parents? 2. Do you consider yourself as friendly? Why? 3. How do you interact with other people? Are you outgoing? 4. Do you feel belongingness in your family, school, peers? COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Cognitive development means how people think, explore, and figure things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills, problem-solving, and dispositions, which helps a person to think about and understand the world around them. Brain development is part of cognitive development. This aspect of the self is enhanced when one attends school to study and learn or engages in other mental endeavors. Mental abilities are developed by engaging in intellectual pursuits such as studies, work, and figuring out how best to deal with challenges—thinking, planning, organizing, evaluating, and maximizing cognitive abilities. The more we study, the more we learn; while the more we learn, the more we can study better. Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Cognitive Development 1. Have you experienced mistakes in the choices you made? How do you deal with these situations? 2. What is your attitude towards your study habits? 3. Are you doing well in your studies? 11 SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Spiritual development is defined as discovering oneself beyond the ego known as the soul, spirit, or the “inner essence” that is often disregarded or taken for granted (Llaneza-Ramos, 2017). It is when one experiences a glimpse of the “inner guide” of one’s beliefs and values as one discovers the meaning of life. It also allows people to connect with a Higher Power that is called by many names like "God, Buddha, Allah.” “We are Christians, we are committed to the poor, we value people, we are partners, and are responsive.” As we grow spiritually, our attitude toward life also changes for the better in many ways. Most of our problems stem from our perceptions and expectations of ourselves and of the world. One will realize that this solves half the problems of our life. Spiritual growth and development help us to imbibe humility. Spirituality and inner peace is a way of life. It helps us to develop great strength and courage. Spiritual growth and development help to make human beings better citizens. Self-check. Ask yourself regarding your Spiritual Development 1. How can you tell that you believe in “God”? 2. What are the things you do that manifest your spiritual development? What’s More Activity 1.2: Instruction: Create a diagram “About Myself “ using the Five Areas of Personality Development. This will be your “Personal Reflection”. You can create your own style of diagram. Write your name at the center of the diagram. Example : 12 Rubrics for Personal Reflection OBTAINED CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS POINTS Content The student was able to reflect his/her personal experiences and social experiences 10 using the five areas of personal development. Creativity The diagram was created artistically using 6 his/her own design. Organization The ideas were well organized based on the 4 concept of personal development. Total 20 What I Have Learned Complete the statement Personal Development involves five aspects namely: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ What I Can Do Activity 1.3: Personal Development Advocacy (Critical thinking, Creativity, Communication, Character) Instruction: Create a video clip or a printed pamphlet for advocacy about the importance of developing the whole of oneself focused on the five areas of personal development. (A pamphlet is a small booklet containing information or arguments about a single subject. You may refer to it using other words, like leaflet, brochure, flyer, handout or booklet. ) Post something on your social media account or give the pamphlets to some of your friends and love one to inform them of the significance of this developmental goal of forming people with holistic personalities and try to get as many likes and appreciation as possible! 13 You have the freedom to choose whether you make a video clip or a printed pamphlet. Create and Enjoy! Rubrics for Video Advocacy OBTAINED POINTS CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS The video advocacy contained the required Content 10 information as specified in the instruction. The work was well-organized and the message of Organization 5 the Video clip is well understood. The presentation was clear with the use of Presentation 5 effective audio-visual effects. Total 20 Rubrics for printed pamphlet OBTAINED POINTS CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS The printed pamphlet contained the required Content information as specified in the instruction. 10 The work was well-organized and the message of Organization 5 the pamphlet is well understood. The pamphlets were given and appreciated by Presentation 5 peers. Total 20 Assessment (Critical Thinking) Instruction: Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word/term being referred. 1. _________involves five aspects: physiological, emotional, social, cognitive a 2. _________ is the innate capacity to relate with others. 3. ________When looking at a person we must consider the whole person. What is the part of self that pertains to the inner essence, our soul and spirit? It guides us in discovering the meaning of our life. 4. Attitude has three components: Affective, Cognitive, and ________. 5. _________are responses that generate biochemical reactions in our bodies, changing the physical state. 6. According to Hogg and Vaughan is defined as “a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols.” 14 7. _____________ according to Cambridge dictionary it is defined as “The quality that involves deep feelings and beliefs of a religious nature, rather than the physical parts of life.” 8. ___________are subjective judgements that people make about the importance of certain things or issues. A person develops values being polite and considerate 9. _________ are the ideas that people judges to be true. 10. ____________ are qualities which typically reflect what one prizes and are manifested in values or what one considers as essential to his/her self. Additional Activities Activity 1.4 What makes me a “Whole Individual”? Instruction: Make a Collage Art Work about you as a “whole individual”. Create your own design which includes photos of you illustrating why you consider yourself as a “whole individual” using different objects, groups, events or symbols that are significant to you. You can create it digitally using applications on your personal computer/mobile phones or in any kind of paper materials. Rubrics for Collage Art Work Category 20 15 10 5 Creativity Several of the One or two of the One or two The student did not graphics or graphics or objects graphics or customize any of the objects used in used in the collage objects were items on the collage. the collage reflect reflect creativity in made or an exceptional their creation and/or customized by degree of student display. the student, creativity but the ideas in their were typical creation rather than creative. and/or display. Design Graphics are Graphics are Graphics are Graphics are trimmed to an trimmed to an trimmed to an untrimmed or of appropriate size appropriate size and appropriate size inappropriate size and interesting interesting shape and and interesting and/or shape. It shape and are are arranged with shape, but the appears little arranged well, some some items in front arrangement of attention was given in front and some and others behind. items is not very to designing the behind. effective. collage. Attention to The artwork The artwork gives a The artwork The explanations are gives a reasonable gives a fairly weak, illustrating Theme reasonable explanation of how reasonable difficulty in explanation of most items in the explanation of understanding how to how every item collage are related how most items relate items to the in the collage is to the assigned in the collage assigned theme. related to the theme. are related to assigned theme. the assigned theme. 15  Number of The collage The collage includes The collage The collage Items includes 15 or 10-14 different includes 9 contains fewer more items, each items. different than 9 different different. items. items. Titles and Titles and text Titles and text were Titles and text Titles/and or text were written written clearly and were written are hard to read, Text clearly and were were easy to read clearly and even when the easy to read from close-up. Text varied were easy to reader is close. a distance. Text in color, size, and/or read close-up. varied in color, style for different text There was little size and/or style elements. variation in the for different text appearance of elements. text. Connecting Thoughts, Lesson Feelings, and Behaviors 2 for Evaluating One’s Self Personality refers to the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways. Our personality is what makes us unique individuals. Each person has an idiosyncratic pattern of enduring, long- term characteristics, and a manner in which he or she interacts with other individuals and the world around them. How do we evaluate ourselves? What are the factors that determine our personality? What makes us unique? Does our environment affect how we think and behave? What I Know Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. According to dictionary.com –this is the product of mental activity and the capacity or faculty of thinking, reasoning, and imagining. A. Belief B. Feelings C. Thought D. Behavior 2. These are conscious experiences, although not every conscious experience, such as seeing or believing. A. Belief B. Feelings C. Thought D. Behavior 16  3. It consists of an organism's external reactions to its environment. A. Emotion B. Feelings C. Thought D. Behavior 4. ____________is a well-known psychologist for describing the principles of operant conditioning. He believed that the environment determines behavior. A. B.F. Skinner B. Erik Erikson C. Albert Bandura D. Sigmund Freud 5. His Personality Theory goes into depth about how human behaviors are developed. Basically, his theory entails that humans learn through observing others' actions, behaviors, and the outcome of these behaviors. a. B.F. Skinner b. Erik Erikson c. Albert Bandura d. Sigmund Freud What’s In As discussed in the previous lesson, there are five areas of personality development. These aspects include the mental, spiritual, emotional, physical, and social aspects. Thus, these areas provide a different view of the process of developing the personality of an individual. Knowing that no two individuals are the same, there are many things to consider when we talk about personality development. We may look the same and may have had similar experiences in life, but we are all unique in our ways. Many factors have gone into the development of a particular type of personality. From childhood to adulthood, we go through different processes, experiences, and situations that contribute to the formation of our personality. What’s New A Story That Prove It’s Never Too Late to Change Your Life "At 41, I left my boyfriend, job, condo and moved back home." —Jill Sherer Murray, 54, Doylestown, PA 17  "Even though I had everything I had ever wanted, and lived in a great city for almost 20 years, I was being held back. My life simply wasn't moving me forward in the direction of my dreams or allowing me to grow in the ways I truly wanted. While my life was good, it just wasn't good enough. There were things I wanted to do and be and have that I knew were out there, but if I stayed where I was, they'd remain outside of grasp. I wanted marriage and, after 12 years, my boyfriend still couldn't make that commitment. In fact, I recently gave a TEDx talk called "The Unstoppable Power of Letting Go" about how I let go of that relationship. I also wanted to be a writer and a speaker and a teacher, and, while I was writing a column for big magazine, I was also stagnant in a corporate job that just didn't move me. And while I adored Chicago, my love for a city just wasn't enough to keep me stuck. So, even though it was utterly terrifying and the fear of being alone was palpable, I left anyway. I told my boyfriend it was over and put everything I owned into my Toyota RAV4 and a moving truck and moved four states away to my hometown. It was the scariest and best thing I'd ever done in my life. Within a year of leaving, I found myself living in a bucolic artist's community, writing a blog called 'Diary of a Writer in Mid-Life Crisis' for a well-known literary magazine, freelance writing, and enjoying a happy engagement to a wonderful man I thought I'd never find." Source: Reader’s Digest, 15 Stories That Prove It’s Never Too Late to Change Your Life ACTIVITY 2.1: Changing Life Patterns Instruction: 1. After you read the story above, think about an event/situation in your life that really changed you. 2. In the table below, write at least three events /situations and the ways on how you improved yourself. Event/Situation Reaction Changes you made to improve your self Analysis: After you realize that there are things that you must change for the better, what do you think is the main factor that changes a person? Check on the list below, which you think of how human behaviors develop. Environment Feelings Thought Behavior 18  What is It Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior The only things we can control in life are our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. If we can manage those, we can achieve our goals and gain success in life. To have this level of control, we need to learn about the science-based patterns behind our emotions and thoughts and manage them. If we know how our minds work, we can be intentional about influencing our thinking and feeling patterns. We can evaluate reality more clearly, make better decisions, and improve our ability to achieve our goals. Thus, we gain greater agency and the quality of living intentionally. How do our minds work? Intuitively, our mind feels like a cohesive whole. We perceive ourselves as intentional and rational thinkers. However, cognitive science research shows that in reality, the intentional part of our mind is similar to a little rider on top of a huge elephant of emotions and intuitions. Roughly speaking, we have two thinking systems. Daniel Kahneman, who won the Nobel Prize for his research on behavioral economics, calls them “System 1” and “System 2." Nevertheless, I think the terms “autopilot system” and “intentional system” describe them more clearly and intuitively. The autopilot system corresponds to our emotions and intuitions. Its cognitive processes take place mainly in the amygdala and other parts of the brain that developed early in evolution. This system guides our daily habits, helps us make snap decisions, and reacts instantly to dangerous life-and-death situations (such as saber-toothed tigers) through the freeze, fight or flight stress response. While it helped us survive in the past, the fight-or-flight response is not an excellent fit for modern life. We have many small stresses (and big stresses) that are not life-threatening, but the autopilot system treats them like tigers. This produces an unnecessarily stressful everyday life experience that undermines our mental and physical well-being. Moreover, while the snap judgments resulting from intuitions and emotions might feel real because they are fast and powerful, they sometimes lead us in the wrong, in systemic and predictable ways. The intentional system reflects our rational thinking and centers around the prefrontal cortex: the part of the brain that evolved more recently. According to recent research, it developed as humans started to live within larger social groups. This thinking system helps us handle more complex mental activities, such as managing individual and group relationships, logical reasoning, probabilistic thinking, and learning new information and patterns of thinking and behavior. While the automatic system requires no conscious effort to function, the intentional system takes deliberate effort to turn on, and it is mentally tiring. Fortunately, with enough motivation and appropriate training, the intentional system can turn on when the autopilot system is prone to make errors, especially costly ones. 19 Source: Gleb Tsipursky The autopilot system is like an elephant. It is by far the most powerful and predominant of the two systems. Our emotions can often overwhelm our rational thinking. Moreover, our intuitions and habits determine the large majority of our lives, which we spend on autopilot mode. That is not a bad thing at all. It would be mentally exhausting to think intentionally about every action and decision. The intentional system is like the elephant rider. It can guide the elephant deliberately to go in the direction that matches that of our actual goals. Indeed, the elephant part of the brain is huge and unwieldy. It is slow to turn and change, and it stampedes at threats, but we can train the elephant. Your rider can be an elephant whisperer. Over time, you can use the intentional system to change your automatic thinking, feeling, and behavioral patterns. In this way, you will become a better agent in terms of taking charge of your life and reaching your goals. I hope this information fills you with optimism. You can use these strategies to get what you want and achieve success in life! From the Author, Gleb Tsipursky Ph. D., April 13, 2016 An example of such interconnection of Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior is when we experience the pandemic crisis. Surely we cannot control the things that have to happen, especially the spread of the virus or the many deaths and cases steadily rising. However, from the citations from Dr. Tsipursky, the only manageable and controllable aspect that we can use to combat what we are experiencing are the things that we already have. Further, they are readily available, within your reach, within your aspect of control. Our perception of stress, brought mainly by the pandemic times, can be directed to productive use, only if we make the necessary effort to change. The Personality Theory of Bandura (Bandura, 2006), suggests that we learn mostly through observations—observing others' actions, 20 behaviors, and the outcome of these behaviors. The more productive and positive the outcome of behaviors observed, the more the behavior is highly repeated and eventually rewarded. Our practical adjustment to the pandemic times is already an example. How people adjust to such a crisis—for some, can adjust easily and understand the predicament that they are experiencing. Meanwhile, others are good at perceiving such good qualities of adjustment and understanding that becomes highly desirable. Albert Bandura’s study does not only involve observations, but it expounds on the sphere of influence. These include the influence of the environment and vice-versa. Our thoughts (thinking), feelings, and behavior influence the environment (and those merely observing). Even though the environmental times are changing, we still have our capacity to decide and perceive change, of course, ourselves in the process as the most significant factor. People’s responses change as they encounter new situations. Research shows that people who believe in their capacity to excel tend to perform better. People with high self-efficacy view challenges as an opportunity to be equipped. Believing that such moments are learning experiences, they commit to finishing the tasks— whatever it takes. They keep pushing forward despite discouragements. Meanwhile, people with weak self-efficacy do not believe in their ability to succeed. Thus, they avoid tasks that they think are too difficult. When evaluating themselves, they only focus on their weaknesses. With this kind of mindset, they easily give up. Therefore, how one sees oneself matters! What a person believes he/she can and cannot do matters! One’s beliefs about oneself can determine one’s future. Our personal development is not only limited to the physical and intellectual aspects. One must be aware that human development involves holistic development—physiologically, emotionally, cognitively, socially, and spiritually. Thus, when we look at ourselves, we must take into account all of these aspects. We cannot recognize some and ignore others because they are interrelated. One aspect affects all the others. If one wants to be a healthy human being, one must pay attention to those aspects of development. EVALUATING ONE’S THOUGHTS, FEELINGS AND BEHAVIOR Defining Thoughts, Feelings and Behavior Before we go on through further discussions of the lesson, let us be familiar with the following terms: Thoughts Feelings Behavior According to Both emotional In psychology, behavior dictionary.com -the experiences and physical consists of an organism's product of mental activity; sensations — such as external reactions to its that which the capacity or hunger or pain — bring environment. Other faculty of thinking, about feelings, according aspects of psychology, reasoning, imagining; to Psychology Today. such as emotions, a consideration or Feelings are a conscious thoughts, and other reflection; experience, although not internal mental processes, meditation, every conscious don't usually fall under contemplation, or experience, such as the category of behavior. recollection: one thinks seeing or believing. Behavior may be modified 21  according to positive or negative reinforcements from the organisms of environment or according to self-directed intentions. Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior: They are All Connected! Source: www.joshuanhook.com One popular kind of counseling is called cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It is based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are all connected and influence one another. For example, if we are feeling sad or depressed, we might have thoughts like we are not worth much of anything, and we might do behaviors like stay in bed all day. On the other hand, if we are feeling happy or excited, we might have thoughts like the future is bright, and we might do behaviors like calling a friend or see a movie. Track Your Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors Sometimes it can be helpful to keep track of our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, especially if we are feeling down and want to feel happier. Sometimes when I’m feeling down, I might not have an explanation for it. That happened to me a couple weeks ago. I was feeling sad, but I wasn’t sure why. If we pause and identify our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, we can learn valuable information to move forward. For example, some of the thoughts I experienced that coincides with being sad was the thought that I was alone--most of my friends are already married and having their own families. The behaviors that went along with my sadness, such as staying in my apartment, not initiating with my friends, and not picking up the phone when someone calls. Example of Tracking So if I were to keep track of my thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, I might write down the following: 22 Time: Saturday night Thought: I am alone. I am out of step with my friends. Feeling: Sadness Behavior: Isolating. Not calling friends. Not picking up the phone. As I continue to track my thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, I begin to get more information about what thoughts and behaviors are associated with each of my feelings. What is going on when I am feeling Sad? Angry? Scared? Happy? Excited? Tender? Getting this information is the first step toward making a change. Action Step: Stop three times during your day to day activities and write down your thoughts, feeling, and behavior. Try to do this once in the morning, once in the afternoon, and once in the evening. Whole Person Development Becoming a whole person involves utilizing our heart, our soul, our mind, and our strength. These elements are meant to operate in an integrated and holistic manner by making them work together. Human life is complicated, consisting of many different facets—our work life, home life, social life, spiritual life, to name a few. Balancing is the key. What we often fail to realize is that each of these sectors of our lives impacts one another. That is where Whole Person Development comes in. Whole Person Development is a practice based on the theory that different parts of our lives are intricately connected. It views success and fulfillment as a product of overall life balance. What’s More Activity 2.2: Changing Behavior Effectively Instruction: Below are some situations, commonly experience by teenagers like you, give your reactions on how you can change your behavior. Ask yourself whether you need to increase or decrease the likelihood of doing such behaviors. Behaviors that have positive consequences tend to increase, while behaviors that have negative consequences tend to decrease. Write INCREASE /DECREASE in the third column. Use a separate sheet of paper. Situation Consequence Response to the situation 1. When you were younger you were caught with you tried smoking at your friends by the 23 school because of your school authority peers 2. You failed in your You cannot graduate Mathematics subject on time because you do not focus on your studies 3. Your school is far from You are always late in your home and you wake your first class up late 4. You always have Your partner wants to disagreements with your break up with you boyfriend/girlfriend because you think you are always right 5. You received an Your parents promised academic excellence to buy you a new award last semester laptop Activity 2.3: Enrichment (Critical thinking/Collaboration, Character) Instruction: Answer the following in a separate sheet of paper. 1. How do you feel when you experience punishment from committing violations in school? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do you feel when you receive awards in school? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. At present, are there things you want to change within you? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ What I Have Learned Instruction: Complete the statement. After completing the statement write your name in printed format and signed it. My Thoughts, Feelings and Behavior are all connected ____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 24 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ Signature over printed name What I Can Do Activity 2.4: Tracking “Myself” (Character) Instruction: As you continue to track your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, you can begin to get more information about what thoughts and behaviors are associated with each of your feelings. Write down how you track your thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Make a 5-day record tracking on yourself using the table below. Action Step: Stop three times during your day today and write down your thought, feeling, and behavior. Try to do this once in the morning, once in the afternoon, and once in the evening. Example : Time: Saturday night Thought: I’m alone. I’m out of step with my friends. Feeling: Sadness Behavior: Isolating. Not calling friends. Not picking up the phone. Day: Thought Feeling Behavior Morning Afternoon Evening Day: Thought Feeling Behavior Morning Afternoon Evening Day: Thought Feeling Behavior Morning Afternoon Evening 25 Day: Thought Feeling Behavior Morning Afternoon Evening Day: Thought Feeling Behavior Morning Afternoon Evening Did you learn anything about yourself? What thoughts and behaviors are associated with each of your feelings? _________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Assessment (Critical Thinking) Instruction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct. Otherwise, write FALSE. 1. _________ Our emotions can often overwhelm our rational thinking. 2. _________ Our intuitions and habits do not determine the large majority of our lives, which we spend on autopilot mode. 3. _________ If we do not know how our minds work, we can be intentional about influencing our thinking and feeling patterns. 4. _________ The more productive and positive the outcome of behaviors are observed, the more the behavior is highly repeated and eventually rewarded. 5. _________ You can use the intentional system to change your automatic thinking, feelings and behavioral patterns. In this way, you will become a better agent in terms of taking charge of your life and reaching your goals. 26 6. _________ Our personal development is only limited to the physical and intellectual aspects. 7. _________ The autopilot system corresponds to our emotions and intuitions. Its cognitive processes take place mainly in the amygdala and other parts of the brain that developed early in our evolution. 8. _________ People’s responses do not change as they encounter new situations. 9. ________ There is no interconnection between our Thoughts, Feelings and Behavior. 10. ________ Our perception to stress, especially brought by the pandemic times, can be directed to productive use only if we make the necessary effort to change. Additional Activities Activity 2.5 Video/Photo Diary Instruction: During these pandemic times, we are experiencing different types of thoughts, feelings, and emotions. There are times that we feel scared and anxious about what will happen to us in the coming days. There are uncertainties and confusion on how we will deal with the pandemic. Staying at home is indeed boring. Nonetheless, it is also fulfilling if you make yourself busy. It is also a time for bonding with our families, letting Mother Earth breathe, making the environment go back slowly to its clean state. There are lots of realizations, discoveries and, improvements that you can do. Do share your experiences, and you will learn from them. Make a Video/ Photo Diary about your experiences during the pandemic times. Realize what your thoughts are as well as your feelings and how you behaved considering the five areas of development. For Video Diary, you can create a 10 to 15 minutes compilation of your photos during the pandemic times. For Photo Diary, you can create a photo album with 7 to 10 pictures with captions. Rubrics for Video/Photo Diary Category 15 10 5 Creativity The photos are The photos are well The photos were excellently arranged arranged with compiled with minimal with appropriate appropriate captions creativity. captions 27 Design The design is excellent The design is very The design is good. good. Number of The collage includes 15 or The collage includes The collage Items more items, each different. 10-14 different items. includes 9 different items. Titles and Titles and text were written Titles and text were Titles and text were Text clearly and were easy to written clearly and written clearly and read from a distance. Text were easy to read were easy to read varied in color, size and/or close-up. Text varied in close-up. There was style for different text color, size, and/or little variation in the elements. style for different text appearance of text. elements. 28  29 What I Know What's More Assessment 1. c Rubrics was provided 1. TRUE 2. FALSE 2.b 3. FALSE 3. d 4. TRUE 5. TRUE 4. a 6. FALSE 7. TRUE 5. c 8. FALSE 9. FALSE 10. TRUE Lesson 2 What I Know Assessment What's More 1. Personal 1. d Rubrics was provided Development 2. Social Development 2.c 3. Spiritual Development 3. a 4. Physiological Development 4. d 5. Emotional Development 6. Cognitive 5. c Development 7. Physiological Development 8. Physiological Development 9. Cognitive Development 10. Cognitive Development Lesson 1 Answer Key References Books Ramos, Maria Lourdes L.,Personal Development-A Journey to Self-Awakening for Senior High School, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, 2017 Website https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/consciousness-and-the-brain/201202/what- is-thought https://www.rd.com/true-stories/inspiring/never-too-late-change-your-life/ https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html https://counseling.online.wfu.edu/blog/difference-feelings-emotions/ https://www.joshuanhook.com/thoughts-feelings-and-behaviors-its-all-connected/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/intropsych/chapter/what-is-personality/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-lifespandevelopment/chapter/human-development/ https://www.scanva.org/support-for-parents/parent-resource-center-2/social-development-in- children/ http://www.breakthroughpsychologyprogram.com/5-parts-of-personal-development.html https://www.eupati.eu/glossary/physical-health/ https://www.livestrong.com/article/349702-ways-to-keep-your-body-healthy/ https://counseling.online.wfu.edu/blog/difference-feelings-emotions/ https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Social+Development https://familydoctor.org/mental-health-keeping-your-emotional-health/ http://www.personalitydevelopment.org/spiritual-growth-and-development.html 30 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd- BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected] 31