4- Nervous System Drugs (2).docx

Review of the Nervous System ============================ The nervous system is classified in many different ways. These classification systems help us understand what part or action of the nervous system is being discussed. The nervous system is divided into a central and peripheral system based...

Review of the Nervous System ============================ The nervous system is classified in many different ways. These classification systems help us understand what part or action of the nervous system is being discussed. The nervous system is divided into a central and peripheral system based on anatomic location. It is divided into the somatic versus autonomic systems based on the actions in the body. The sympathetic nervous system is further divided into cholinergic and adrenergic sections based on the receptors. Central versus peripheral nervous system ---------------------------------------- A diagram of a dog\'s nervous system Description automatically generated Somatic versus autonomic nervous system --------------------------------------- Parasympathetic versus sympathetic nervous system -------------------------------------------------  The nervous system contains many different types of receptors (neuroceptors): adrenergic, muscarinic cholinergic, nicotinic cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, glycinergic, histaminergic, opioidergic, and serotonergic. These receptors are located on the cellular membrane in the synapses between neurons. A diagram of a nervous system Description automatically generated  Neurotransmitters that act on these neuroceptors transfer the depolarizing electrical impulse from one nerve to the other, allowing transmission of information throughout the nervous system. Individual nerves are classified as either sensory, motor, or mixed nerves based on their function. A sensory nerve transmits impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system. Sensory nerves are specialized for a specific type of sensation. Some detect temperature, some pressure, and some detect pain (nociception). A motor nerve transmits an impulse from the central nervous system to a motor end plate of a muscle, telling the muscle to contract. Mixed nerves perform both functions. Photomicrograph of a motor neuron and end plate attachment to muscle -------------------------------------------------------------------- Nervous System It is important to note that both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have cholinergic receptors. The sympathetic system also utilizes the catecholamines to regulate bodily functions. Catecholamines act on the adrenoceptors after the preganglionic neuron is activated by acetylcholine. Synaptic structure ------------------ Difference Between Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors in Tabular Form Types of Nervous System Drugs ============================= Cholinergic Drugs -----------------  ### Parasympathomimetic (Agonists) ### Parasympatholytic (Antagonists) Adrenergic Drugs ---------------- Cardiovascular System - Organ System Effects of Sympathomimetic Drugs ### Sympathomimetic (Agonists) A table with text on it Description automatically generated ### Antagonists Tranquilizers (Neuroleptics) ---------------------------- Dissociative Agents ------------------- Opioids ------- Neuroleptanalgesics ------------------- Seizure Control Medications --------------------------- ### Other drugs *[Inhalant anesthetics]* ------------------------------------ Central Nervous System Drugs ---------------------------- ### Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ### Behavioral Medications #### Antianxiety Medications #### Antidepressants #### Cognitive Medications #### Synthetic progestins ### Euthanasia Drugs