Community Health Assessment - Part 2 PDF

Types of Needs • • • • Expressed Normative Perceived Relative Community Needs Assessment Models Epidemiological Public Health Social Asset Rapid Population assessed Populations State and communities Populations, selected aggregates Community, neighborhoods Community, neighborhoods Data...

Types of Needs • • • • Expressed Normative Perceived Relative Community Needs Assessment Models Epidemiological Public Health Social Asset Rapid Population assessed Populations State and communities Populations, selected aggregates Community, neighborhoods Community, neighborhoods Data sources Registries, national probability sample surveys, existing national databases State and local agencies, vital records Individual or national surveys Agency rosters, focus groups, maps Windshield surveys, existing data, interviews Examples NHIS, HCUP APEX-PH, PATCH, MAPP U.S. Census Assets-Based Community Development Institute RAR, RARE Community Needs Assessment Models, Continued Epidemiological Public Health Social Asset Rapid Types of needs assessed Normative, expressed, and relative can be estimated Normative and relative can be estimated Relative can be estimated; perceived are directly determined Perceived needs and strengths Normative and perceived Advantages Statistically sound and generalizable Administratively sound; includes focus on constituent concerns Statistically sound; provides information on factors contributing to health problem Existing resources are identified Quickly completed and provides basic information Disadvantages No info on perceived needs; local variations not captured Relies on other data sources; perceived needs not directly captured Doesn’t directly measure extent of the health problem Doesn’t measure extent of the health problem Doesn’t measure extent of the health problem; may miss problems or causes Numerators and Denominators for Selected Epidemiology Rates Rate Numerator Denominator Per Crude death rate Total # of deaths in a given period Total population 1000 Cause-specific death rate # of deaths due to a given cause in a given period Total population 100, 000 Birth rate # of live births in a given period Total population 1000 Fetal death rate # of fetal deaths of > 28 weeks gestation in a given period # of fetal deaths of > 28 weeks gestation + # of live births in a given period 1000 Neonatal death rate # of infant deaths of < 28 days old in a given period # of live births in a given period 1000 Infant mortality rate # of infant deaths of < 1 year old in 1 year # of live births in 1 year 1000