3VP MKehl Skeleton and Movement Spring 2024 PDF

Bones of the skeletal system Axial skeleton Skull, mandibles, hyoid apparatus Vertebral column Ribs, sternum Appendicular skeleton Thoracic limbs Pelvic limbs Visceral skeleton Os penis (os clitoridis) Ossa cordis Axial Skeleton Vertebral Column Caudal Sacrum Lumbar Thoracic Cervical Skull Mandible...

Bones of the skeletal system Axial skeleton Skull, mandibles, hyoid apparatus Vertebral column Ribs, sternum Appendicular skeleton Thoracic limbs Pelvic limbs Visceral skeleton Os penis (os clitoridis) Ossa cordis Axial Skeleton Vertebral Column Caudal Sacrum Lumbar Thoracic Cervical Skull Mandible Ribs Sternum Hyoid Process (not shown) Appendicular skeleton Thoracic limb Pelvic limb Guide to the Dissection of the Dog, 8th ed.; Evans and de Lahunta; Fig. 2-2 Regions of the thoracic limb DOG A A. Scapular region B. Brachial region, brachium, (arm) C. Antebrachial region, antebrachium, (forearm) D. Carpal region, carpus E. Metacarpal region, metacarpus F. Digital region, digits A B B C C D D E F E F Forelimb (thoracic limb) bones DOG HORSE Digital bones Manus (forepaw) DOG Left limb, dorsal surface Carpal bones Metacarpal bones Phalanges Digits (fingers and toes) Digit 1 has 2 phalanges Digits 2-5 have 3 phalanges each Distal forelimb (manus) of the Dog and Horse Left limbs, dorsal surfaces Digit 3 DOG HORSE Regions of the pelvic limb A. Gluteal region Lateral view A. A. B. Femoral region B. B. C. Crural region D. Tarsal region, hock C. C. E. Metatarsal region F. Digital region D. D. F. E. E. F. Bones of the pelvic limb HORSE Bones of the pelvis: Ilium, ischium, pubis Ilium Ischium Ilium DOG Ischium Pubis Pubis Pes (hind paw) Left pes, dorsal view Left pes, plantar view Tibia Fibula Tarsal bones Metatarsal bones Metatarsal bones 3 and 4 Are weight-bearing Phalanges (proximal, middle and distal) DOG Sesamoids – dorsal and plantar First digit, when present, is referred to as the dew claw (or hallux) Visceral/splanchnic/heterotopic skeleton Splanchnic – pertaining to the viscera (Gr., L.) Heterotopic – occurring at an abnormal place (Gr. heteros other; topos place) Ossa cordis in the bovid heart Os penis in the male dog Flexion Flexion and Extension Thoracic limb Movement of a joint causing a decrease in the angle of the joint Movement when two ends of the joint are drawn toward each other. Flexor surface Extension Movement when two ends of any jointed part are drawn away from each other Movement when the members of a limb go into a straight condition Movement of a joint causing an increase in the angle of the joint Flexor surface Flexor surface Flexor surface Elbow flexed Elbow extended Equine manus Flexion and Extension Limb in flexion Limb in extension Limb in normal standing position Extended Flexed Flexed Overextended (Normal!) Extended Flexion and Extension Pelvic limb Flexor surface Flexor surface Flexor surface Flexor surface Rotation – Supination and Pronation Supination -Lateral rotation of the limbs causing the palmar or plantar surface to face medially Pronation - Medial rotation of the limb causing the palmar or plantar surface to face laterally Pronation Supination Abduct, Adduct, Circumduction 1. Adduct to draw toward the median 2. Abduct to draw away from the median 3. Circumduction circular movement of a limb or the eye