3. Analgesics II.pdf

Under Supervision of: Media sponsor: Analgesics II Presented by: Wlat Najat Prepared by: Shara Jamsheer Supervised by: Dr. Suren Azad Opioid analgesics Opioid analgesics are powerful pain-relieving drugs that act on the cen...

Under Supervision of: Media sponsor: Analgesics II Presented by: Wlat Najat Prepared by: Shara Jamsheer Supervised by: Dr. Suren Azad Opioid analgesics Opioid analgesics are powerful pain-relieving drugs that act on the central nervous system. Classification: Opioid analgesics Mechanism of action: Opioids bind to mu (μ), delta (δ), and kappa (κ) receptors, they inhibit adenylyl cyclase, reducing the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and decreasing cellular excitability. They also open potassium channels, causing hyperpolarization of neurons and making them less likely to fire, and inhibit calcium channels, which reduces neurotransmitter release in the synaptic cleft, thereby dampening the transmission of pain signals. These combined actions effectively diminish the perception of pain and alter the emotional response to it. Opioid analgesics Indications: Opioids are used as pain management, mainly for severe acute pain, chronic malignant or nonmalignant pain. They are also used to relieve intense pain that results from surgery, injury, and chronic diseases. Adverse effects: Constipation Urinary retention Dysphoria Sedation Respiratory depression Opioid analgesics Contraindications: Severe respiratory disease/depression, including acute asthma, paralytic ileus. Drug-Drug interactions: Opioid + Antidepressants Opioid + Carbamazepine Opioid + Itraconazole Adjuvant analgesics Anticonvulsants: Gabapentin, Pregabalin. Antidepressants: Amitriptyline. Muscle relaxants: Baclofen. Corticosteroids: Prednisone, Dexamethasone. Local anesthetics: Lidocaine. Indications: They are indicated for managing neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain, cancer pain, fibromyalgia, migraines, postoperative pain, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), arthritis, and chronic back pain. References Michael A. Manca o I Jason C. Gallagher. Frequently prescribed medication. Third edition. Lippincott illustrated review pharmacology, by Karen Whalen (2019), 7th edition. Ayesh, L.A.alrahman (2019) STEP UP PHARMACY. 1st edition. Amman: Lina Ayesh.  Thank you for listening!