Male & Female Anatomy PDF

10 Pharmacy Objectives Anatomy of Male and Female Reproductive Systems List the parts of male and female reproductive system Describe the locations of male and female reproductive system organs Describe the gross anatomy of male and female reproductive organs Professor Narayana Kilarkaje FRSB Depart...

10 Pharmacy Objectives Anatomy of Male and Female Reproductive Systems List the parts of male and female reproductive system Describe the locations of male and female reproductive system organs Describe the gross anatomy of male and female reproductive organs Professor Narayana Kilarkaje FRSB Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Describe the microscopic structure of male and female reproductive system organs and correlate the structure with its functions Male Reproductive System The system includes internal and external organs Functions of male reproductive system Testes produce male gametesspermatozoa, and male sex hormone called testosterone The duct system transports, stores and assists in maturation of spermatozoa The accessory sex glands –seminal vesicle, prostate and bulbourethral glands- secrete liquid portion of semen containing numerous chemicals The penis is the copulatory organ contains male urethra which transmits urine (urinary system function) and semen Male Reproductive System test Internal organs Testis-2 Epididymis-2 Ductus (vas) deferens-2 Seminal vesicles-2 grand Ejaculatory ducts-2 Prostate-1 and Bulbourethral glands-2grand External organs Scrotum Penis www.s asf urethra Pelvis and perineum ① testes → immature sperms ② duct → transport, store, assists > sperm maturation ③ grands → semen Anatomy of Testis so o s www.nanaennane c i Connective tissue Epithelium Smooth muscle A section of testis shows cross sections of seminiferous tubules which have a stratified epithelium resting on a basement membrane The seminiferous epithelium contains two types of cells- germ cells and Sertoli cells The germ cells are spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary iiiiiiiiiiiiii.fi spermatocytes, round spermatids and elongated spermatids The Sertoli cells are the supporting cells which support the germ cells In addition, the Sertoli cells secrete inhibin hormone, transferrin, etc In between the seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells are present, which secrete testosterone- a steroid male sex hormone The testes are present in scrotum along with the epididymis The testis is the male gonad, equivalent of ovary in females Testis is covered by layers of scrotum (skin, superficial fascia, and other fascial layers) and tunica albuginea sina.rtonauag.nu The testis is divided into lobules Testis contains seminiferous tubules which are coiled and produce sperm From the mediastinum testis many tubules join the epididymis Testicular artery, a branch of aorta, supplies oxygenated blood to the testis The vnous blood from the testis is drained by testicular veins, which drain finally to the inferior vena cava Accumulation of blood in the venous plexus causes varicocele Epididymis and ducts of male reproductive system fqffz.iq care Histology of Testis i Epididymis is formed by a highly coiled tube, which stores spermatozoa It has head at the upper end, which is connected to the testis by efferent ductules The middle part is called body and the lower part is called tail Tail continues as the vas (ductus) deferens Its blood supply is similar to that of the testis The tubule is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium resting on a basement membrane In the lumen of the tubule, spermatozoa are found o.no Ductus deferens and seminal vesicle Ductus deferens 45 cm long tube connecting the tail of epididymis with the duct of seminal vesicle It has a thick muscular wall and a narrow lumen It passes from the scrotum to the pelvis where it joins the seminal vesicle It is supplied by an artery to the ductus deferens Structurally it has mucosa lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium It has a muscular layer containing smooth muscle Vasectomy is the family planning procedure in which both ductus deferens are incised and ligated so that sperm do not pass through Seminal vesicles They are the two lobulated structures, each measuring 5 cm long The lower end joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct They secrete most of the semen containing nutrition to the sperm Ejaculatory ducts Formed by the union of seminal vesicle duct and ductus deferens Opens into the urethra inside the prostate 0 s am Prostate Prostate is an accessory reproductive system gland- measures 8 g-in pelvis Its secretion adds to the semen The dense connective tissue and muscle fibers provide firmness to the gland in which secretory units are present The prostate can be palpated through the rectum to do its clinical examination in case of prostate enlargement The prostate has peripheral zone (cancer), central zone, and transitional zone (benign enlargement) The prostate consists mainly of large branched glands The gland contains fibrous stroma and smooth muscle cells, glandular tissue in the form of follicles lined by columnar epithelium Anatomy of the uterus (womb) seats qq.gr Fig sagittal section of female pelvis Fundus of uterus o Body of uterus Cervix Urinary bladder E Rectum Vagina Anal canal Located in the pelvis between the urinary bladder and rectum It is thick-walled, hollow, but a firm organ, which can be palpated by per vaginal (PV) examination It is 7.5 cm long, 5 cm broad and 2.5 cm thick; weighs around 90 g The body of the uterus forms the upper 2/3 and the cervix forms the lower 1/3 The uterus is continuous with the vagina below and the uterine tubes above; through the latter, the uterus communicates with the peritoneal cavity The communication between exterior and the peritoneal cavity through the vagina, uterus and the tubes forms a route through which infection spreads in females The nulliparous uterus lies in lesser pelvis (lower part) but during pregnancy it grows into the lower part of the abdomen I I Female reproductive system External organs -Mons pubis -Labia majora (2) -Labia minora (2) -Clitoris -Vestibule of vagina -Bulbs of the vestibule -Greater vestibular glands Accessory gland -Mammary glands (breasts) Internal organs -Uterus -Ovaries (2) -Uterine tubes (2) -Vagina I Anatomy of the uterus (womb) contd The uterine wall has 3 layers. The perimetrium is formed by the peritoneum. The myometrium is formed by smooth muscle cells. The endometrium is formed by mucosa. Internal os- through which the cervical canal is continuous with the cavity of the body of the uterus Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium Has 1) supravaginal part and 2) vaginal part Cervix External os-through which the cervical canal is continuous with the vagina. 1 2 The cervical canal The myometrial muscle fibers enlarge during pregnancy. In the myometrium, blood vessels and nerves are present. During childbirth, the myometrium is hormonally stimulated to contract. The endometrium, the luminal part of the uterine wall, sheds every month during menstruation (Only the luminal part of the endometrium is shed) Anatomy of ovaries Anatomy of the uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes) I Uterine/inferior pole Tubal/superior pole Uterine tube Uterine Ampulla part Isthmus Infundibulum Fimbriae are the finger-like projections of the uterine tube, which are thought to help the ovum to enter the tube Ovum entering the uterine tube The ampulla is the usual site of fertilization Ovary Utero-tubal junction Abdominal opening (ostium) of the uterine tube- through this opening, the ovum from the peritoneal cavity enters the tube. The uterine tube (10 cm) transports the zygote to the uterus for implantation (normally at the posterior wall of upper part of the body) As the tube opens into the peritoneal cavity, infections can spread in either direction; inflammation of the tube (salpingitis) is the common cause infertility in women (tube blockade). Anatomy of vagina Plane of section Angle of view Body of uterus Ovary Ligament of ovary Lateral surface Suspensory ligament of ovary The ovaries are female gonads in which the oocytes are produced; they are also endocrine glands Each ovary is located in lesser pelvis (in ovarian fossa) behind the broad ligament The ovary is suspended by a peritoneal fold called mesoovarium In prepubertal girls, the ovary has a smooth greyish-pink surface, but in postpubertal girls, the surface is scarred due to ovulation Two ligaments are attached to the ovary-ligament of ovary and suspensory ligament of ovary Blood supply of uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries and vagina Urinary bladder The uterine venous plexus, drains into uterine veins, which open into internal iliac veins Vagina Right ovarian vein-formed by pampiniform plexus- opens into inferior vena cava. Ovarian artery-a branch of abdominal aorta, supplies ovary and lateral parts of the tube (1/3) Rectum Cervix Vaginal part of cervix with external os Vaginal fornices: the space between the lower end of cervix and upper end of vagina; they are anterior, posterior and 2 lateral fornices Internal iliac artery Vagina is a musculo-membranous tube (7-9cm-long) extends from the middle cervix to the vaginal orifice in the vestibule of the vagina Levator ani (pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus) supports the uterus and vagina Labium minus Labium majus Vestibule: a cleft between two labia minora, into which urethra, vagina, and ducts of vestibular glands open Anterior view o Vaginal artery- a branch of internal iliac artery- is a main source of blood to vagina Uterine artery g Internal pudendal artery- a branch of internal iliac artery- also supplies blood to vagina. The vaginal venous plexus communicates with the uterine venous plexus. Finally, blood enters internal iliac veins. References Tortora: Principles of anatomy and physiology, 15th Edition: Reproductive system