Lecture-2 Chapter 5 Ray Optics PDF

# Lecture-2 Chapter 5 ## Ray Optics Combined 1.0 and 2.0 <img src="https://i.imgur.com/b86K9fF.png" alt="1.0 VOD 2.0" /> # Analogy between Electrostatics and Magnetism | Electrostatics | Magnetism | |---|---| | Electric field E | Magnetic field B | | Charge q | Pole Strength m | | Force on char...

# Lecture-2 Chapter 5 ## Ray Optics Combined 1.0 and 2.0 <img src="https://i.imgur.com/b86K9fF.png" alt="1.0 VOD 2.0" /> # Analogy between Electrostatics and Magnetism | Electrostatics | Magnetism | |---|---| | Electric field E | Magnetic field B | | Charge q | Pole Strength m | | Force on charge F=qE in E field | Force on pole F=mB in m field | | Electric dipole P=q.2l moment | Magnetic dipole M=m.2l moment | | Torque on dipole τ=PEsinθ in E field | Torque on mag dipole τ=MBSinθ (Bar magnet) in m field | | E on axial point E=1/(4πε₀r³)2P due dipole | B due to mag dipole B=µ₀/(4πr³)2M on axial point | | E on equatorial point E=1/(4πε₀r³)P | B due to dipole on equatorial point B=µ₀/(4πr³)M | | E due to point charge E=1/(4πε₀r²)q | B due to isolated pole B=µ₀/(4πr²)M | | Work done in rotating dipole W=PE(Cosθ₁-Cosθ₂) | Work done in rotating a mag dipole W=MB(Cosθ₁-Cosθ₂) | | Potential energy stored in dipole U=PECosθ | Pot energy stored in mag dipole U=MBCosθ | <start_of_image> Electrostatics <img src="https://i.imgur.com/4w2O298.png" alt="Electrostatics diagrams." /> Magnetism <img src="https://i.imgur.com/9gU112n.png" alt="Magnetism diagrams" /> # Root Cause of Magnetism Spin and circular motion of e in atom <img src="https://i.imgur.com/0d6p3q1.png" alt="Diagram of e in atom." /> # Magnetising Force or Magnetising Field Intensity The ability of external magnetic field to magnetise a substance is called magnetising field intensity or magnetising force. It is denoted by H. <img src="https://i.imgur.com/U9s9h3D.png" alt="Iron piece being magnetised by magnetic field" /> ## Magnetising Field Intensity <img src="https://i.imgur.com/K9hK2r3.png" alt="Magnetising Field Intensity diagram" /> # Magnetisation or Intensity of Magnetisation Magnetic dipole moment developed in unit volume is called Intensity of magnetisation. It is denoted by I. <img src="https://i.imgur.com/5jV9H2S.png" alt="Magnetisation diagram" />