General Knowledge PDF

lkekU; Kku IAS, PCS, NDA, CDS, CAPF, SSC, CPO, Railway, Banking bR;kfn ,dfnolh; ijh{kkvksa ds fy;s mi;ksxh uohu laLdj.k Hkkjrh; bfrgkl i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh HkkSfrd foKku foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh...

lkekU; Kku IAS, PCS, NDA, CDS, CAPF, SSC, CPO, Railway, Banking bR;kfn ,dfnolh; ijh{kkvksa ds fy;s mi;ksxh uohu laLdj.k Hkkjrh; bfrgkl i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh HkkSfrd foKku foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh varjkZ"Vªh; laxBu dyk ,oa laLÏfr Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk jlk;u foKku dEI;wVj [ksydwn Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk tho foKku ÑÏf"k ,oa i'kqikyu fofo/k  Think Think IAS Drishti njwLFk f'k{kk dk;Ø Z e (Distance Learning Programme) bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr vki ?kj cSBs ^n`f"V* }kjk rS;kj ijh{kksi;ksxh ikB~;&lkexzh eaxok ldrs gSaA ;g ikB~;&lkexzh fo'ks"k :i ls ,sls vH;£Fk;ksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj rS;kj dh xbZ gS tks fnYyh vkdj d{kk,¡ djus esa vleFkZ gSaA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr flfoy lsok vkSj jkT; lsok (mÙkj izns'k] eè; izns'k] jktLFkku] fcgkj] mÙkjk[kaM ih-lh-,l-) ijh{kkvksa dh ikB~;&lkexzh miyC/ djkbZ tkrh gSA ;g ikB~;&lkexzh izR;sd ijh{kk ds uohure ikB~;Øe ds vuq:i gS vkSj bls fofHk lelkef;d ?kVukvksa] jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ,oa lfefr;ksa dh fjiksVks± ds ekè;e ls v|ru (up-to-date) fd;k x;k gSA UPSC flfoy losk ijh{kk ds fy;s (fganh ekè;e ea)s lkekU; vè;;u lkekU; vè;;u bfrgkl (odSfYid fo"k;) (ikzjafHkd ijh{kk) (e[ q ; ijh{kk) (19 cd q yV s l ~ ) `10,000/- (26 cd q yV s l ~ ) `13,000/- (12 cd q yV s l ~ ) `7,000/- lkekU; vè;;u + lhlVS lkekU; vè;;u n'ku Z 'kkL= (odSfYid fo"k;) (ikzjafHkd ijh{kk) (ikz-$ e[q ; ijh{kk) (27 cd q yVsl ~ ) `13,000/- (31 cd q yV s l ~ ) `15,000/- (4 cd q yV s l ~ ) `5,000/- lkekU; vè;;u + lhlVS (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) fgUnh lkfgR; (odSfYid fo"k;) (39 cd q yVsl ~ ) `17,500/- (13 cd q yV s l ~ ) `7,000/- mÙkj inz'sk ih-lh-,l- (UPPCS) ds fy;s eè; inz'sk ih-lh-,l- (MPPCS) ds fy;s jktLFkku ih-lh-,l- (RAS/RTS) ds fy;s lkekU; vè;;u $ lhlVS lkekU; vè;;u $ lhlVS lkekU; vè;;u (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) (34 cd q yV s l ~ ) `10,500/- (33 + 10 cd q yVsl ~ ) (`15,500/-) (28 + 8 cd q yVsl ~ ) (`11,000/-) fcgkj ih-lh-,l- (BPSC) ds fy;s lkekU; vè;;u (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) lkekU; vè;;u (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) lkekU; vè;;u (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) (33 cd q yVsl ~ ) (`14,000/-) (28 cd q yVsl ~ ) (`10,000/-) (25 cd q yV s l ~ ) `10,000/- mÙkjk[kaM ih-lh-,l- (UKPSC) ds fy;s NÙkhlxus ds fy;s N% osnkaxksa dh jpuk dh xbZ& deZdkaMh; osn Hkh dgk tkrk gSA z ;tqosZn ds nks Hkkx gSa& 'kqDy ;tqosZn vkSj Ñ".k ;tqosZnA 'kqDy f'k{kk (mPpkj.k fofèk)] T;ksfr"k (HkkX;iQy)] dYi (deZdkaM)] ;tqosZn dsoy i| esa gS tcfd Ñ".k ;tqosZn] x| ,oa i| nksuksa O;kdj.k ('kCn O;qRifÙk)] fu#Dr (Hkk"kk foKku) rFkk Nan esa gSA (prq"inh 'yksd)A z 'kqDy ;tqosZn dks ^oktlus;h lafgrk* dgk tkrk gSA egkdkO; z ;tqon Zs ds ea=kksa dk mPpkj.k djus okyk iqjksfgr ^vèo;q*Z dgykrk gSA z oSfnd lkfgR; ds ckn Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa egkdkO;ksa dk le; lkeosn vkrk gSA blesa jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr izeq[kr% 'kkfey gSaA z ^lke* dk vFkZ ^xku* gksrk gSA lkeosn esa eq[;r% ;Kksa ds volj z jkek;.k dh jpuk eg£"k okYehfd rFkk egkHkkjr dh jpuk eg£"k ij xk, tkus okys ea=kksa dk laxzg gSA lkeosn ls gh Hkkjrh; laxhr osnO;kl us dh FkhA Drishti GK 1 Hkkjrh; bfrgkl lkekU; Kku eè;dkyhu Hkkjr (Medieval India) iky oa'k tstkdHkqfDr ds pansy zziky oa'k dk laLFkkid xksiky (750-770) FkkA xksiky ckS¼ zztstkdHkqfDr (cqansy[kaM) esa 9oha lnh esa pansy oa'k LFkkfir gqvkA erkuq;k;h FkkA bldk laLFkkid uUuqd FkkA bldh jktèkkuh [ktqjkgks FkhA zzxksiky ds ckn èkeZiky (770-810) 'kkld cukA èkeZiky us zzpansy 'kkld èkax us ty lekfèk ys yh FkhA foØef'kyk fo'ofo|ky; (Hkkxyiqj) vkSj lkseiqjh fogkj dh zzpansy 'kkld fo|kèkj us egewn xtuoh ds vkØe.k dk LFkkiuk djokbZA liQyrkiwoZd izfrjksèk fd;kA zzizfl¼ lsukifr ^vkYgk&mQny* pansy 'kkld ijek£nnso ds njckj zzèkeZiky ds ckn nsoiky 'kkld cukA tkok 'kkld ckyiq=knso ds esa FksA ^i`Fohjkt pkSgku* ls ;q¼ djrs gq, ohjxfr dks izkIr gq,A vuqjksèk ij nsoiky us mls ukyank esa ckS¼ fogkj cuokus ds fy;s vkYgk&mQny txfud ds ^vkYgk&[kaM* ds uk;d FksA ik¡p xk¡o nku esa fn;s FksA zzbl dky esa fufeZr danfj;k egknso dk eafnj 'kSo èkeZ rFkk prqHkqZt zzefgiky&I ds le; pksy 'kkld jktsaæ pksy us xaxk dk vfHk;ku eafnj oS".ko èkeZ ls lacafèkr FkkA fd;kA efgiky&II ds le; dSorZ tkfr us fonzksg dj fn;k vkSj efgiky dh gR;k dj nhA xgM+oky oa'k (dUukSt) zzbldk laLFkkid panznso FkkA lsu oa'k zzxksfoanpaæbl oa'k dk ,d fo}ku 'kkld FkkA mlds ea=kh y{ehèkj zz12oha lnh osQ var rd caxky esa iky osQ LFkku ij lsu oa'k us ÑR;dYir# uked ,d xzaFk fy[kk FkkA LFkkfir gks x;kA zzxgM+oky 'kkld t;pan dk ledkyhu i`Fohjkt&III FkkA zzlsu 'kkld cYyky lsu us nku lkxj ,oa vn~Hkwr lkxj xazFkksa dh zzpankoj dk ;q¼ (1194) t;pan vkSj eksgEen xksjh ds chp gqvk jpuk dhA ftlesa t;pan ijkftr gqvkA zzy{e.klsu ds njckj esa xhrxksfoan ds ys[kd t;nso rFkk ^czkã.k zzJh g"kZ t;pan ds njckj esa jgrs Fks ftUgksaus uS"kèkpfjr xzaFk fy[kkA loZLo* osQ ys[kd gyk;q/ jgrs FksA xqtjkr ds pkyqD; ;k lksyadh d'ehj ds jktoa'k zzblds laLFkkid ewyjkt Fks rFkk vfUgyokM+ bldh jktèkkuh FkhA zzbl dky esa d'ehj ds rhu izeq[k jktoa'k Øe'k% dkdksZV] mRiy zzpkyqD; 'kkld Hkhe&I ds le; 1025 esa egewn xtuoh }kjk rFkk yksgkj oa'k FksA lkseukFk eafnj ij vkØe.k fd;k x;kA zzHkhe&I ds ea=kh foey us fnyokM+k ds tSu eafnj dk fuekZ.k djok;k zzdkdksZV 'kkld yfyrkfnR; eqDrkihM (724-760) us d'ehj esa FkkA eksk¡lh dh jkuh (1950) z v'kksd pØ ikus okyh izFke efgyk & uhjtk HkuksV z igyh 3&Mh fiQYe & ekbZ fM;j dqV~Vhpkru z ukscsy iqjLdkj ikus okyh izFke & enj Vsjslk (1984) Hkkjrh; efgyk zizFke izk;ksftr lhfj;y & ge yksx (1984) z fel oYMZ cuus okyh izFke & jhrk iQkfj;k ikosy z izFke ,f'k;kbZ [ksy dk vk;kstu & fnYyh (1951) Hkkjrh; efgyk z izFke [kqyk (Open) fo'ofo|ky; & MkW- ch-vkj- vacsMdj z ,ojsLV ij igq¡pus okyh & cNsanzh iky vksius ;wfuoflZVh igyh efgyk (rsyxa kuk) z nks ckj ,ojsLV f'k[kj ij igq¡pus & larks"k ;kno z izFke gkbZ LihM xzkeh.k & bMqDdh (dsjy) okyh izFke efgyk czkWM cSaM usVodZ dh LFkkiuk z fel ;wfuolZ cuus okyh izFke & lqf"erk lsu Hkkjr esa izFke (efgyk) Hkkjrh; efgyk zizFke efgyk jk"Vªifr & izfrHkk nsoh flag ikfVy z ^HkkjrjRu* izkIr djus okyh & bafnjk xkaèkh z izFke efgyk izèkkuea=kh & bafnjk xkaèkh izFke efgyk z izFke efgyk yksdlHkk & ehjk dqekj z KkuihB iqjLdkj izkIr djus okyh & vk'kkiw.kkZ nsoh vè;{k izFke efgyk Drishti GK 355  Think Think IAS Drishti njwLFk f'k{kk dk;Ø Z e (Distance Learning Programme) bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr vki ?kj cSBs ^n`f"V* }kjk rS;kj ijh{kksi;ksxh ikB~;&lkexzh eaxok ldrs gSaA ;g ikB~;&lkexzh fo'ks"k :i ls ,sls vH;£Fk;ksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj rS;kj dh xbZ gS tks fnYyh vkdj d{kk,¡ djus esa vleFkZ gSaA bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr flfoy lsok vkSj jkT; lsok (mÙkj izns'k] eè; izns'k] jktLFkku] fcgkj] mÙkjk[kaM ih-lh-,l-) ijh{kkvksa dh ikB~;&lkexzh miyC/ djkbZ tkrh gSA ;g ikB~;&lkexzh izR;sd ijh{kk ds uohure ikB~;Øe ds vuq:i gS vkSj bls fofHk lelkef;d ?kVukvksa] jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ,oa lfefr;ksa dh fjiksVks± ds ekè;e ls v|ru (up-to-date) fd;k x;k gSA UPSC flfoy losk ijh{kk ds fy;s (fganh ekè;e ea)s lkekU; vè;;u lkekU; vè;;u bfrgkl (odSfYid fo"k;) (ikzjafHkd ijh{kk) (e[ q ; ijh{kk) (19 cd q yV s l ~ ) `10,000/- (26 cd q yV s l ~ ) `13,000/- (12 cd q yV s l ~ ) `7,000/- lkekU; vè;;u + lhlVS lkekU; vè;;u n'ku Z 'kkL= (odSfYid fo"k;) (ikzjafHkd ijh{kk) (ikz-$ e[q ; ijh{kk) (27 cd q yVsl ~ ) `13,000/- (31 cd q yV s l ~ ) `15,000/- (4 cd q yV s l ~ ) `5,000/- lkekU; vè;;u + lhlVS (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) fgUnh lkfgR; (odSfYid fo"k;) (39 cd q yVsl ~ ) `17,500/- (13 cd q yV s l ~ ) `7,000/- mÙkj inz'sk ih-lh-,l- (UPPCS) ds fy;s eè; inz'sk ih-lh-,l- (MPPCS) ds fy;s jktLFkku ih-lh-,l- (RAS/RTS) ds fy;s lkekU; vè;;u $ lhlVS lkekU; vè;;u $ lhlVS lkekU; vè;;u (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) (34 cd q yV s l ~ ) `10,500/- (33 + 10 cd q yVsl ~ ) (`15,500/-) (28 + 8 cd q yVsl ~ ) (`11,000/-) fcgkj ih-lh-,l- (BPSC) ds fy;s lkekU; vè;;u (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) lkekU; vè;;u (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) lkekU; vè;;u (ikz-$ e[q; ijh{kk) (33 cd q yVsl ~ ) (`14,000/-) (28 cd q yVsl ~ ) (`10,000/-) (25 cd q yV s l ~ ) `10,000/- mÙkjk[kaM ih-lh-,l- (UKPSC) ds fy;s NÙkhlx